基于超效率DEA的学生学习效果评定

针对目前高职院校由于同班级生源层次较多产生的学生总评成绩评定存在的问题,该研究同时兼顾对学生考试成绩和学习效率的考查,使用综合经典DEA(CCR-DEA)与超效率DEA(SE-DEA)方法构建高职院校学生学习效果评价模型.随机抽取某班学生的数学成绩为例,采用构建模型对其进行实证综合评价,测试结果表明超效率DEA方法对学生总评成绩评价效果理想.     

基于Copula理论的学生成绩平均值和中位数的分布特征研究

用高斯混合模型拟合82个班级2296名学生的考试成绩分布数据.用正态分布拟合考试成绩的平均分和中位数成绩,研究两者间的相关性度量和相关结构,得到均值和中位数的联合分布函数.对两个描述集中趋势的统计量的概率统计特性进行了完备刻画.     

考试成绩序列与ARIMA(0,1,1)模型

通过对考试成绩序列统计特征的分析,本文提出考试成绩序列的一种模型——ARIMA(0,1.1)模型,此模型能较好解释考试成绩变化发展的基本规律,并由此提出了实际水平分,实际水平分稳定系数,考试成绩离均差的变动系数及学生成绩的分化速度等学业评估上的新概念及评估标准.应用此模型,有可能揭示一些隐藏于考试成绩内的教育现象,作为实例对小学语文、数学成绩变化上所存在的差异进行了讨论.     

学习水平的标准评价模型及应用

提出了一个标准分数系统,给出了标准分数变换公式.该系统将学生的成绩分布转换为一个后验确定参数的正态分布,以后验地修复由试题差异和其他考试环境引起的分数分布异常波动,最大限度的提高了标准分数的区分度,也使该分布更接近学生学习水平的实际分布.在此基础上讨论了该标准化分数系统在学生学习水平的比较,试卷的评估等方面的应用.     

教学质量评估的一种统计方法

本文应用枝叶图方法,形象地将考试成绩作成枝叶图成绩表,从班级考试成绩分布、班级间成绩比较、学生考试内容的科学化等几个方面对教学质量进行评估。 目前我们对考试成绩的分析,一般从班级的平均分与标准差判断—个班级成绩的高低与散布程度,这种方法得到的信息较少,而且标准差较抽象,并不为大部分中小学教师所利用,此外标准差还受一些特殊成绩的影响,有时不能客观反映班级成绩的散布程度。本文运用枝叶图法处理常规的考试成绩,分析得到某些班级成绩整体分布状况,个别学生的学习情况、几个平行班之间成绩的比较等诸多信息,并且可消除个别异常情况对班级整体成绩的影响,对试题的质量给出评价。 现以某班一次考试成绩(如表(1))为例,介绍枝叶图成绩表的作法。     

一类具有相依结构的离散时间风险模型的赤字分布

研究一类具有相依结构的离散时间风险模型的破产赤字问题.其中,保费和利率过程假设为两个不同的自回归移动平均模型.利用更新递归技巧,首先得到了该模型下破产赤字分布的递推公式.然后,根据该递推公式得到了赤字分布的上下界估计.     

摆脱数学学习中的“亚学习状态”

在学习中,有部分学生和成绩好的学生一样,孜孜不倦,投入了很多时间,但收获甚微,成绩一直上不来.笔者认为这类学生大多是学习状态出了问题,处于"亚学习状态",缺乏积极状态.本文旨在分析出现这种状态的原因,并提出摆脱这种状态的一些方法,即可以从三个方面着手解决:学生自身、学校教师、家庭教育.     

信息技术环境下自主学习模型构建与实证研究

结合高职学生的专业课程学习,构建了一个信息环境下高职学生自主学习能力培养模型,并基于模型进行教学设计,开展适于信息技术环境下的高职学生自主学习能力培养的实践与探索,最后通过定性和定量研究方法进行有效性的验证和分析.     

基于有限元的金属基短纤维复合材料MMC的一种统计蠕变模型

在有限元分析的基础上建立了一个单向应力状态下金属基短纤维复合材料(MMC)的统计蠕变模型.首先建立细胞模型并进行有限元分析,得到了单向应力状态下材料细观尺寸及载荷方向对宏观蠕变响应的影响规律.通过在细胞模型中增加一界面层(考虑材料特性和厚度)来研究基体和纤维的界面对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.基于细胞模型的数值结果,提出了一适用于纤维平面随机分布的随机统计模型,该模型考虑了纤维的断裂.通过试验获得纤维的统计分布规律.分析结果表明随机统计模型可以满意地描述试验结果.进一步讨论了材料细观尺寸,纤维的断裂特性以及界面层的材料特性和厚度对MMC宏观蠕变响应的影响.     

学生学习状态的统计分析——以《概率论与数理统计》为例

以问卷调查所获得的数据为依据,采用SPSS软件包,首先通过对应分析研究课堂理解、作业完成情况和听课状况与学生的学习状态的相关性,然后通过多项logistic回归分析这三个变量对学习状态具体影响结果,最后根据期末考试的成绩研究学习状态与学生成绩的相关性.     

深入开展数学建模活动，培养学生的综合应用素质

数学建模时大学生综合应用素质培养的一种有效途径。本文首先分析数学建模在大学生实践创新能力和综合应用素质培养中的作用,在此基础上从数学建模的数学理念更新、数学模式和教学内容设计,教学方法运用等多个方面,研究了以培养学生综合应用素质为牵引的多焊接、全方位的数学建模教学模式,提出了一些创新性的实践做法,为教学建模数学与组织竞赛活动的开展提供参考。     

The Log–Lindley distribution as an alternative to the beta regression model with applications in insurance

In this paper a new probability density function with bounded domain is presented. The new distribution arises from the generalized Lindley distribution proposed by Zakerzadeh and Dolati (2010). This new distribution that depends on two parameters can be considered as an alternative to the classical beta distribution. It presents the advantage of not including any special function in its formulation. After studying its most important properties, some useful results regarding insurance and inventory management applications are obtained. In particular, in insurance, we suggest a special class of distorted premium principles based on this distribution and we compare it with the well-known power dual premium principle. Since the mean of the new distribution can be normalized to give a simple parameter, this new model is appropriate to be used as a regression model when the response is bounded, being therefore an alternative to the beta regression model recently proposed in the statistical literature.     

医用高等数学教学改革与实践探索

现代医学发展的一大趋势是从定性研究走向定量研究,经历着数学化的发展进程.随着数学与医学的联系越来越紧密,医用高等数学在改善医学人才智能结构、培养学生科学思维和创新能力等方面都具有十分重要的意义.医用高等数学的教学要适应新的需要,必须要在改善教师知识结构、改变教学理念、完善教学内容、改变教学方法、培养创新意识和应用能力这些方面下功夫,才使之更好地与医学实际相结合.     

The role of software Modellus in a teaching approach based on model analysis

We discuss some results of a study carried out over the past 4 years to investigate the role of Modellus, a software package, in the development of an approach to teaching calculus for Biology majors. The central idea of the teaching approach is to propose the analysis of a mathematical model for a biological phenomenon at the very beginning of the course, in a way that this analysis is interrelated with some of the mathematical concepts listed in the syllabus. In this paper, we focus on the role of the software during the development of one of the activities proposed to the students, the purpose of which was to discuss the relation between secant lines and the instantaneous rate of change. It was found that this software played two roles in the development of this activity: providing information about the phenomenon and the model; and acting as a trigger, making evident to the student an important aspect that contributed to his understanding. Based on our theoretical perspective of digital technology, we believe that students’ interaction with the software played a fundamental role in the thinking collective composed of humans and media involved in mathematical learning.     

开展数学实验课程教学 促进大学数学教学改革

本文主要阐述了开设数学实验课程教学对促进数学教改所起的作用 ,探索了数学实验课程的教学内容、教学方法、教学手段以及考试改革等 .全面总结了重庆大学近年来开展数学实验课程教学及深化理工科数学教学改革的一些思路 .     

Student Difficulties with Accessing and Using Mathematical Knowledge

This article examines the issue of why students fail to activate and use mathematical knowledge during problem solving when it is known that they possess the required knowledge. This issue is explored by analyzing problem-solving attempts of a high-achieving student and a low-achieving student in the domain of plane geometry. On the basis of these data and other literature, three major sources of mathematical knowledge-access difficulties are identified that might be considered by classroom teachers, including a student's (1) dispositional state, (2) management of the problem-solving process, and (3) state of organization of his or her mathematical knowledge. It is argued that teaching practices that place emphasis on careful management of problem-solving activity could help students activate and extend the use of mathematical knowledge acquired in lesson activities.     

United States teachers’ views of effective mathematics teaching and learning

This study investigates US teachers’ cultural beliefs concerning effective mathematics teaching using semi-structured interviews with 11 experienced teachers. For US teachers, effective teaching is student-centered. Cognitively appropriate mathematical content should be understood through many hands-on activities that allow students to explore by themselves the relationship between mathematical knowledge and their life experiences. Correspondingly, the US teachers view an effective teacher as a facilitator who is sensitive to student social and cognitive needs and is skillful at organizing collaborative learning. The result of this study helps researchers and educators understand the student-centered learning model in US classrooms.     

Beyond statistical methods: teaching critical thinking to first-year university students

We discuss a major change in the way we teach our first-year statistics course. We have redesigned this course with emphasis on teaching critical thinking. We recognized that most of the students take the course for general knowledge and support of other majors, and very few are planning to major in statistics. We identified the essential aspects of a first-year statistics course, given this student mix, focusing on a simple question, ‘Given this is the last chance you have to teach statistics, what are the essential skills students need?’ We have moved from thinking about statistics skills needed for a statistician to skills needed to participate in today's society. We have changed the way we deliver the course with less emphasis on lectures and more on alternative resources including on-line tutorials, Excel, computer-based skills testing, web-based learning materials and smaller group activities such as study groups and example classes. Feedback from students shows that they are very receptive and enthusiastic.     

Scheduling medical students to teaching hospitals

This paper describes a scheduling technique that has been successfully used to allocate medical students to the teaching hospitals affiliated with a university. The problem is to schedule individuals so that (i) every student is assigned a preferred sequence of medical activities in specific hospitals, and (ii) the difference between the maximum number of students allowed at each available hospital-medical activity-period position and those allocated to these positions is both nonnegative and approximately the same. The contribution of the present work is in the formulation of the problem, and the resulting ease with which good solutions to large-scale scheduling problems can be generated. The mathematical formulation of the problem is presented first and subsequently, the solution strategy is described. The results for two large medical classes at the University of Montreal are also presented.     

Poisson分布易被忽视的重要性质

"Poisson分布的总体均数与其观察单位成正比",这是一个被忽视的性质,但这是一个很基本的性质,在一些问题的解决中它是必需的.本文讨论了这个性质,并举例说明它在实际问题中的应用,然后对此内容在授课过程中的安排提出建议.