SYNTHESIS AND FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF 2-OXO-3-METHYLEN E-5-PHENYL-1,4-DIOXAN

The novel cyclic monomer, 2-oxo-3-methylene-5-phenyl-1,4-dioxan, was synthesized by a set of reactions. Several intermediates were prepared and characterized in order to determine the monomer structure. The presence of chiral centers in the intermediates and resulting monomer makes it complicated to separate , purify and characterize them. It is a very reactive monomer which will polymerize even at room temperature if expose to moisture and air. This monomer can undergo essentially quantitative flee radical ring opening polymerization. The driving force for ring opening is the formation of new carbonyl group and benzylic radical. The monomer and polymer structure were established by IR, ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR and elemental analysis or high resolution mass spectrum. The molecular weight of the resulting polymer was estimated by viscosity determination.     

SYNTHESIS AND ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF 2-METHYL-2-METHOXY CARBONYL-5-METHYLENE-1, 3-DIOXOLAN-4-ONE

A new cyclic monomer, 2-methyl-2-methocycarbonyl-5-methylene 1,3-dioxlan-4-one,wassynthesized successfully. The monomer and intermediate were characterized by ~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR, INEPT (Intensive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer) technique, IR andelemental analysis. Anionic polymerization of the monomer was carried out in anhydrous THF at.70℃, and 9-fluorenyllithium was used as initiator. The polymer strucure was determined byIR, NMR and elemental analysis. Molecular weight of the polymer was estimated by viscositymeasurement in DMSO at 30℃.     

SYNTHESIS AND POLYMERIZATION OF 2-OXO-3-METHYLENE-1,4-DIOXANES

A new kind of monomers was successfully synthesized by the reaction between 2-chloro methyl cycloketal and trimethylsilyl cyanide, followed by ring closure and dehaiogenation. Polymerizations of the monomers were carried out in benzene solution at 80℃with benzoyl peroxide as initiator. Both the structures of monomers and polymers were characterized by IR, ~1H NMR, ~(13)C NMR and elemental analysis.     

SYTHESIS AND ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF 2-METHYL-2-METHOXYCARBONYL-5-METHYLENE-1, 3-DIOXOLAN-4-ONE

A new cyclic monomer, 2-methyl-2-methoxycarbonyl-5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-4-one,was synthesized successfully. The monomer and intermediate were characterized by ~1H NMR, ~(13)CNMR, INEPT(Intensive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer) technique, IR and elementalanalysis. Anionic polymerization of the monomer was carried out in anhydrous THF at -70℃,and 9-fluorenyllithium was used as initiator. The polymer structure was determined by IR, NMRand elemental analysis. Molecular weight of the polymer was estimated by viscosity measurementin DMSO at 30℃.     

环状碳酸酯低聚物的合成及其开环聚合的研究

环状碳酸酯低聚物的合成及其开环聚合的研究陈雨萍魏玮李革（中国科学院化学研究所工程塑料国家重点实验室北京１０００８０）关键词环状碳酸酯低聚物，聚碳酸酯，开环聚合环状单体的开环聚合在合成高聚物方面具有突出的优点，即在聚合过程中没有副产物、热效应低、聚合...     

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC (ARYLENE PHOSPHONATE) OLIGOMERS

INTRODUCTIONThe use of cyclic oligomers as macrocyclic precursors for the preparation of high performance polymers byring-opening polymerization (ROP) has sparked much interest in recent years. It could produce a revolutionarychange in the preparation of advanced composite materials, and is of great importance in the polymerizationprocess yielding polymers such as the reinforced reactive injection model (RRIM) and the resin transfer model(RTM) etc. Within the last 10 years, the synthes…     

DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL CHIRAL IONIC LIQUIDS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE

Two new chiral ionic liquids, 1 -((-)-menthoxycarbonylmethylene)-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphateand 1-((-)-menthoxycarbonylmethylene)-3-hexadecylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, were designed an d prepared. Theirchemical structures were characterized by ~1H-NMR. Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) in these two ionic liquids was carried out using AIBN/CuCl_2/bipy as the initiating system. The resultant well-definedpolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was employed as a macroinitiator to induce the atom transfer radical polymerization ofmenthyl methacrylate (MnMA) in chlorobenzene, which yielded a PMMA-b-PMnMA diblock copolymer with narrow polydispersity.     

SYNTHESIS AND FREE RADICAL RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF 2-METHYL-AND 2-METHYL-9-n-BUTYL-(-7-METHYLENE-1,4,6-TRIOXA-SPIRO (4, 4)NONANE)

This paper describes the synthesis and free radical ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-and 2-methyl-9-n-butyl (-7-methylene-1, 4, 6-trioxaspiro (4, 4) nonane). The structures of the two polymers were verified by IR, 'H and ~(13)C NMR spectra. The substituent on 9-position of 7-methylene-trioxaspiro (4, 4) nonane affects the structure of polymer and polymerization activity. The polymerization mechanism is discussed.     

SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK COPOLYMER FROM 5,6 -BENZO-2-METHYLENE-1,3-DIOXEPANE AND METHYL ACRYLATE VIA ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

Poly(methyl acrylate)-b-poly(5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1, 3-dioxepane) (PMA-b-PBMDO) was synthesized by two-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Firstly, ATRP of methyl acrylate (MA) was realized using ethyl α-bromobutyrate (EBrB) as initiator in the presence of CuBr/2,2'-bipyridine. After isolation, poly(methyl acrylate) withterminal bromine (PMA-Br) was synthesized. Secondly, the resulting PMA-Br was used as a macromolecular initiator in theATRP of BMDO. The Structure of block copolymer was characterized by ~1H-NMR spectroscopy. Molecular weight andmolecular weight distribution were determined on a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC).     

2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷衍生物的合成及自由基开环聚合

本文报道了四种2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷类单体:4-甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅱ)、4,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅳ)、5,5-二甲基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(Ⅵ)和5,5-二乙基-2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧己烷(V Ⅲ)的合成以及自由基开环聚合。结果表明,上述单体在聚合过程中出现异构化开环现象。Ⅲ和Ⅳ的甲基位置在环上氧原子的α-碳原子上时,显示对异构化反应的影响比Ⅵ及Ⅷ的甲基和乙基在β-碳原子上时更显著。上述现象与异构化开环形成仲碳自由基中间体的倾向更大有关。 Ⅳ在苯溶液中及过氧化二叔丁基存在下,120℃反应,得到全部是聚-δ-戊内酯骨架结构的聚合物。提出了一种合成聚-δ-戊内酯类链结构的聚酯的新的途径和方法。     

新型螺环单体的合成和自由基聚合反应的研究

新型螺环单体的合成和自由基聚合反应的研究王宏鲁剑涛冯品珍（中国科学技术大学研究生院化学部北京１０００３９）关键词自由基聚合，新单体合成，螺环单体，自由基共聚虽然离子型开环聚合早已为人熟知，但是自由基开环聚合反应的研究和应用开发还刚刚起步．...     

2-位取代的4-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷开环聚合反应研究

合成了两种新单体，４ 亚甲基 ２ 苯乙烯基 １，３ 二氧环戊烷和４ 亚甲基 ２ 苯乙烯基 ２ 甲基 １，３ 二氧环戊烷．研究了这两种单体的自由基和阳离子聚合反应．根据聚合物的红外光谱和核磁共振碳、氢谱，确定了聚合物的结构，讨论了聚合反应机理，特别对２ 位取代基对聚合反应和产物的影响作了初步的探讨．     

SYNTHESIS OF BLOCK COPOLYMER BY INTEGRATED LIVING ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION-ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION(ATRP)*

Alpha-trichloroacetoxy terminated polystyrene oligomer (PS-CH_2CH_2OCOCCl_3) and poly-(styrene-b-butadiene)oligomer [P(S-b-B)-CH_2CH_2OCOCCl_3)] were synthesized by living anionic polymeri-zation using n-butyllithium as initiator.Then the PS-CH_2CH_2OCOCCl_3 (PS-Cl_3) or P(S-b-B)-CH_2CH_2O-COCCl_3 (PSB-Cl_3) was used as the macroinitiator in thepolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of CuX/bpy. AB diblock and ABC triblock copolymers were prepared bythe integrated living anionic polymerization (LAP)-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structures of the PSB-Cl_3 and the P(S-b-MMA) were identified by FTIR and ~1H-NMR spectrum, respectively. A new way to design blockcopolymers (the combination of LAP and ATRP) was developed.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STRUCTURALLY WELL-DEFINED POLYMER-INORGANIC HYBRID NANOPARTICLES VIA ATRP*

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using cuprous chloride/2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) was applied to graftpolymerization of styrene on the surface of silica nanoparticles to synthesize polymer-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. 2-(4-Chloromethylphenyl) ethyltriethoxysilane (CTES) was immobilized on the surface of silica nanoparticles throughcondensation reaction of the silanol groups on silica with triethoxysilane group of CTES. Then ATRP of St was initiated bythis surface-modified silica nanoparticles bearing benzyl chloride groups, and formed PSt graft chains on the surface of silicananoparticles. The thickness of the graft chains increased with reaction time. End group analysis confirmed the occurrence ofATRP. Thermal analysis indicated that thermal stabilization of these resulting hybrid nanoparticles also increases withpolymerization conversion. The results above show that this "grafting from" reaction could be used for the preparation ofpolymer-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles with controlled structure of the polymer's end groups.     

THE EFFECTS OF MONOMER STRUCTURE OF CYCLIC KETENE ACETALS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF CONTROLLED RADICAL RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION

Polymerization of three cyclic ketene acetals: i.e., 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO), 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDO) and 4, 7-dimethyl-2-methylene-1, 3-dioxepane(DMMDO) were carried out in the presence ofethyl α-bromobutyrate/CuBr/2, 2'-bipyridine respectively. The structures of poly(BMDO), poly(MPDO) and poly(DMMDO)were characterized by ~1H and ~(13)C-NMR spectra. The effects of monomer structure on the behavior of atom transfer freeradical ring-opening polymerization were investigated and the mechanism of controlled free radical ring-openingpolymerization was discussed.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL FLUORINE-CONTAINING HYDROPHOBICALLY ASSOCIATING POLYMER*

In this article, the synthesis and characterization of a novel fluoromonomer and its copolymer withacrylamide is reported. 2 -perfluoroamyl -4- hydroxylquinoline 2 was synthesized from ethyl 2, 2 -dihydro-perfluoroheptanoate in high yields. The monomer 4 was then synthesized from 2 in two steps readily in highyields. Synthesis and characterization of copolymers of acrylamide (AM) and the fluoromonomer wereinvestigated. The composition and intrinsic viscosity of these copolymers were studied. It was found that therheological properties of aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide were modified significantly when a smallproportion of the fluoromonomer 4 was incorporated on investigating the viscosity-concentration profiles,pseudoplasticity of these solutions and the effect of the presence of surfactant These results could beexplained by the hydrophobic association of the fluorocarbon segments in the aqueous solutions of thesecopolymers.     

NITROXIDE-MEDIATED FREE RADICAL SYNTHESIS OF MESOGEN-JACKETED LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS*

The first TEMPO-mediated "living" free radical polymerization of liquid crystallinemonomer, 2, 5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene(MPCS), was carried out at 130℃ withBPO as an initiator. The molecular weight of the polymer can be varied from rather low values to highvalues while maintaining narrow polydispersity. It was observed that the polymerization of MPCSproceeded much faster than that of styrene. A tentative explanation for this fast polymerization wassuggested.     

新型螺环交联剂的合成及其交联聚合反应

合成了一种新型螺环环丙烯酸酯交联剂 ３，１１ 二亚甲基 ２，１０ 二酮 １，４，９，１２ 四氧二螺［４，２，４，２］十四烷（２）．在过氧化苯甲酰（ＢＰＯ）引发下，在苯溶液中进行了它与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）的自由基聚合反应．得到的交联聚合物是具有螺环交联结构的聚甲基丙基酸甲酯．交联聚合物分别在酸性和碱性条件下水解．结果表明，此交联离聚物在酸碱条件下都很稳定，特别是在酸性条件下，具有极好的稳定性     

SYNTHESIS AND POLYMERIZATION OF ALIPHATIC TERTIARY AMINO-GROUP N-SUBSTITUTED ACRYLAMIDES

Aliphatic tertiary amino-group N-substituted acrylamides, N-acryl-N′-methylpiperazine (AMP)and N-methacryl-N′-methylpiperazine (MAMP) were synthesized directly from N-methylpiperazinewith corresponding acryloyl chlorides and characterized by elementary analysis of their picrates,~1H-NMR, IR and MS. AMP did not polymerize with benzoyl peroxide (BPO), but could poly-merize with lauroyl peroxide (LPO). The rate equation of the polymerization was given as R_P=K_P [AMP]~(1.5)[LPO]~(0.5) and the overall activation energy of this polymerization system was 10.8Kcal/mol. The redox nature of LPO with the monomer itself was suggested. Even though AMP and MAMP hardly proceed the polymerization initiated with BPO, butunder lower concentration would form redox system with BPO to initiate the polymerization of MMAreadily. The rate equation of the polymerization of MMA initiated with MAMP-BPO systemwas given as R_P=K_P [MMA] [MAMP}~(0.5) [BPO]~(0.5) and the overall activation energy was 10.2Kcal/mol. The analysis of the obtained polymers confirmed that MAMP not only initiated the poly-merization of MMA by combining with BPO, but also took part in the polymer chains impartingthem with better biocompatibility.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR-ARMED BLOCK POLY(STYRENE-b-p-NITROPHENYL METHACRYLATE)PREPARED BY THE ATRP METHOD*

A novel tetrafunctional initiator, C [CH_2O (CH_2)_3 OOCCH(Br)CH_3]_4 (1), was synthesized through the reaction oftetraol with α-bromopropionyl chloride, and then was used as initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in thepreparation of 4-armed polystyrene (PSt) with narrow polydispersity. The structure, molecular weight and molecular weightdistribution (MWD) of each arm were studied by ~1H-NMR and GPC data of hydrolyzed products of the 4-armed PSt. TheATRP of St using 1/CuBr/bpy as initiator system is of "living" character based on the following evidence: narrow MWD,constant concentration of chain radical during the polymerization, control of molecular weight by the molar ratio of monomerconsumed to 1. The 4-armed poly(St-b-p-nitrophenyl methacrylate) [poly(St-b-NPMA)] was prepared by the ATRP ofNPMA using 4-armed PSt with terminal bromine as the initiator, and characterized by FT-IR, ~1H-NMR spectra and GPCcurves. The micelles with PSt as core, and PNPMA as shell were formed by dropping DMSO into a solution of 4-armedpoly(St-b-NPMA) in DMF, as proved by laser light scatter (LLS) method.