横向聚焦波荡器磁场的计算与分析

横向聚焦波荡器可用于电子束能量较低、函数较小的情况。在现有横向聚焦波荡器设计方案的基础上,通过倾斜磁块端面和磁极面提出了几种不同结构的横向聚焦波荡器方案。利用三维磁场模拟程序Radia,对这些波荡器的聚焦场特性进行了模拟计算,对其聚焦特性与主要参数的关系进行了研究,并与现有其他横向聚焦波荡器的聚焦特性进行了对比。对弱聚焦和强聚焦两种情况,分别给出较好的结构方案。对于弱聚焦,平均聚焦梯度随中心场强的增大而略有增大,变化不明显;对于强聚焦,平均聚焦梯度随中心场强的增大而明显增大,呈高次曲线关系。     

Vibration damage detection of a Timoshenko beam by spatial wavelet based approach

This paper presents a technique for structure damage detection based on spatial wavelet analysis. The wavelet transform is used to analyze the mode shape of a Timoshenko beam. First, the mode shapes of the Timoshenko beam containing a transverse crack are obtained. The crack is represented as a rotational spring. Then these spatially distributed signals are analyzed by wavelet transformation. It is observed that distributions of the wavelet coefficients can identify the crack position of Timoshenko beam by showing a peak at the position of the crack. It is also demonstrated that the crack position can be detected by this method even though the crack is very small. Assumed measurement errors are added to the mode shape for evaluating the effect of measurement errors on the capability of detecting crack position. The moving average method is used to process the data with assumed measurement errors. The crack positions can also be identified when there exist assumed measurement errors.     

The effect of laser beam size in a zig-zag collimator on transverse cooling of a krypton atomic beam

The effect of size of a cooling laser beam in a zig-zag atomic beam collimator on transverse cooling of a krypton atomic beam is investigated. The simulation results show that discreteness in the interaction between the cooling laser beam and atomic beam, arising due to finite size and incidence angle of the cooling laser beam, significantly reduces the value of transverse velocity capture range of the collimator. The experimental observations show the trend similar to that obtained from simulations. Our study can be particularly useful where a small zig-zag collimator is required.     

Conversion of a high-order mode beam into a nearly Gaussian beam by use of a single interferometric element

We present a new, compact, and practical optical mode converter that efficiently transforms a high-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) laser beam into a nearly Gaussian beam. The mode converter is based on coherently adding different transverse parts of the high-order mode beam by use of a single planar interferometric element. The method, configuration, and experimental results obtained with a pulsed Nd:YAG HG TEM10 laser beam are presented. The results reveal that the efficiency of conversion of a HG beam to a nearly Gaussian beam can be as high as 90%.     

Optimal distributed control of a continuous beam with damping

Optimal control of a damped two-span beam is studied with the objective of minimizing its deflection and velocity in a given period of time with the minimum possible expenditure of force. The beam undergoes transient vibrations and is subject to given displacement and velocity initial conditions. The control is exercised by means of a transverse distributed force. The multiple objectives of the problem lead to a vector performance criterion which is reduced to a scalar one by using the concept of Pareto optimality. Necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality are expressed in the form of a maximum principle which leads to an explicit expression for the control force. The behaviour of the controlled beam is numerically studied which indicates that optimally controlled distributed forces are effective in damping out the dynamic response. Relations between various objectives are studied by means of optimal trade-off curves showing the best performance of the controlled beam.     

非惯性系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模

研究非惯性坐标系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模. 首先借鉴Euler-Bernoulli梁的几何非线性变形模式,考虑了Timoshenko梁弯曲以及剪切变形产生的几何非线性效应对纵向、横向变形位移的影响,在考虑两个方向的变形耦合项后,利用有限元法对柔性梁进行了离散,采用Lagrange方程建立了柔性梁的动力学模型,首次建立了包含变形二次耦合量的Timoshenko梁的动力学方程. 关键词： 非惯性坐标系 剪切变形 柔性梁 动力学建模     

Detection of a semirough target in turbulent atmosphere by a partially coherent beam

The inverse problem of the interaction of an isotropic Gaussian Schell-model beam with a semirough target in turbulent atmosphere is investigated. It is found that we can determine the target size and the transverse correlation width of the target by measuring the transverse beam widths and the transverse coherence widths of the beams at the source plane and the receiver plane. Our results are useful for remote sensing and bistatic LIDAR system.     

相对论电子束在动态加载等离子体中的自聚焦传输

为了进一步研究相对论电子束-离子通道辐射实验和理论的需要, 研究了相对论电子束入射中性气体以及通过碰撞电离动态加载等离子体实现对高能束流的自聚焦传输过程PIC(particle in cell) 模拟发现, 电子束电离出的离子背景能够实现对电子束的聚焦传输. 但是离子背景横向和纵向的不均匀性对束流的传输特性有显著影响. 在此基础之上, 提出了电子束在横向不均匀离子背景中传输的理论模型, 给出了束流的自聚焦条件.数值计算结果表明, 横向不均匀性会导致电子束的混合相位传输, 使得焦点附近内层电子可能跑到电子束外而被散焦损失, 这与PIC模拟的结果相符. 此外, PIC模拟还发现, 由于电子束的自聚焦, 在焦点处将电离出更多的离子而引起纵向不均匀性, 纵向不均匀性使得碰撞后的低能电子被俘获, 俘获电子效应会大幅降低电子束的传输效率. 但是俘获电子在纵向呈准周期分布, 对传输电子起到静电Wiggler场的作用, 可能实现静电Wiggler场的动态加载. 研究结果对于进一步研究电子束-等离子体系统的实验以及理论模型提出有一定的参考价值.     

Generation of a two-photon singlet beam

Controlling the pump beam transverse profile in multimode Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, we generate a "localized" two-photon singlet state, in which both photons propagate in the same beam. This type of multiphoton singlet beam may be useful in quantum communication to avoid decoherence. We show that although the photons are part of the same beam, they are never in the same plane-wave mode, which is characterized by spatial antibunching behavior in the plane normal to the propagation direction.     

On a Gaussian beam in an amplifying medium

The model of a Gaussian beam in an amplifying medium is analyzed within the framework of the paraxial (quasi-optical) approximation. Upon violation of the obtained restrictions, the model leads to a physically inconsistent conclusion about an infinitely high radiation power after a passage of an ordinary Gaussian beam through a layer of the amplifying medium. The importance of a limitation on the transverse dimensions of the amplifying medium or of the introduction of intracavity angular selection is demonstrated. The fundamental mode in the form of a Gaussian beam appears in the model with a quadratic dependence of the gain on the transverse coordinates.     

洛伦兹光束的传输特性研究

运用光束传输的二阶矩理论,对洛伦兹光束的传输特性进行了研究,给出了束腰、横向发散角和光束传输因子的表达式.横向束腰仅取决于对应方向上的光束参数;而横向发散角和光束传输因子却取决于两横向上的光束参数.给出了光束传输因子随两横向光束参数的变化关系曲线.结果表明,两横向上的光束传输因子随两光束参数的变化规律是不相同的,而整体的光束传输因子随两光束参数的变化是前两者的综合体现;但在傍轴情形下,光束传输因子趋向于常数141,因此,对于相同束腰,其傍轴条件下的发散性为对应高斯光束的141倍.所以,洛伦兹光束适合用于描述某些发散程度较大的激光光源. 关键词： 洛伦兹光束 光束传输 二阶矩     

A general analysis of the electromagnetic wake-fields due to a relativistic electron beam moving through a cold plasma

Summary Detailed electromagnetic analysis of the wake-field accelerator is presented. Particular attention is given to the two-dimensional dynamics model to understand how the wake-field affects the self-consistent radial dynamics of the beam. The corrent fields, in zeroth and first order, are obtained by using Fourier transform in the radial field. The self-focusing of the driving beam in a plasma is a result of the transverse wake. The ratio of the transverse wake-field to the longitudinal wake-field within the beam is calculated for small and large radii beams.     

Effect of undulators on the stored electron beam of Indus-2

Indus-2 is an Indian synchrotron light source, operating at 2.5 Ge V and generating synchrotron radiation from its bending magnets. In order to provide more intense synchrotron radiation to the synchrotron users, there is a plan to install five insertion devices in the Indus-2 storage ring. In the first phase of installation of insertion devices, there is a proposal to install two out- vacuum pure permanent magnet linearly polarized undulators in long straight sections of the Indus-2 storage ring. The presence of the insertion devices in the ring has inevitable effects on beam parameters like betatron tune, betatron amplitude function, closed orbit, emittance, energy spread and dynamic aperture etc. In this paper, the effect of two undulators on the above mentioned parameters of the Indus-2stored electron beam at 2.5 Ge V is presented. Moreover a correction scheme for the restoration of the betatron tune and amplitude function is also presented.     

The vibration characteristics of a beam with an axial force

Equations of motion are found for a non-uniform damped Timoshenko beam with a distributed axial force. Principal modes may be extracted by numerical means when the boundary conditions are specified, and the appropriate orthogonality conditions are given. The theory of linear forced vibration can thus be derived. It is an implicit requirement that all axial forces are conservative. That is to say, tangential, follower and partial follower axial forces (whether applied at an extremity or distributed along the beam) are excluded.     

Strong thermal self-action of a laser beam in gases and liquids

Solutions which approximately describe the effect of strong thermal self-action of a laser beam in weakly absorbing media (gases and liquids) have been obtained. This paper considers the regimes of thermal conductivity, transverse flows of gases at subsonic and supersonic velocities, transonic nonlinear regime, and gravitational convection in a horizontal beam. Assuming that the shape of transverse intensity distribution is constant, and that the wave front can be approximated by a second-power polynomial, ordinary differential equations and their solutions for average transverse dimensions of beams have been obtained. These approximate solutions are in satisfactory agreement with exact solutions. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 105–129 (July 1999)     

Investigation of a method to calculate spontaneous radiation spectra from relativistic electrons in undulators

Undulators are key devices to produce brilliant synchrotron radiation at the synchrotron radiation facilities.In this paper we present a numerical computing method,including the computing program that has been developed to calculate the spontaneous radiation emitted from relativistic electrons in undulators by simulating the electrons' trajectory.The effects of electron beam emittance and energy spread have also been taken into account.Comparing with other computing methods available at present,this method has a few advantages with respect to several aspects.It can adopt any measured or arbitrarily simulated 3D magnetic field and arbitrary electron beam pattern for the calculation and it's able to analyze undulators of any type of magnetic structure.It's expected to predict precisely the practical radiation spectrum.The calculation results of a short period in-vacuum undulator and an EllipticaUy Polarized Undulator (EPU) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) are presented as examples.     

非傍轴矢量高斯光束的传输

运用非傍轴光束传输的矢量矩理论，对非傍轴矢量高斯光束的传输特性进行了系统的研究.结果表明，基于二阶矩定义的横向光束宽度在光束传播过程中满足简单的双曲线变化规律，并且给出了光束传输因子的解析表达式.就高度非傍轴情形，进一步给出了简洁的计算公式，在高斯光源线度趋向零的极限情形下，横向的最大发散角为90°.同时，还推广到了傍轴情形，得到了与原有傍轴公式稍有区别的结果，而且光束传输因子始终保持略大于1最后，对非傍轴矢量高斯光束和非傍轴标量高斯光束的传输进行了比较，结果显示对于线度在两个波长范围之内的高斯光源发散 关键词： 矢量高斯光束 光束传输 非傍轴 二阶矩     

Surface structure of alumina ceramics during irradiation by a pulsed electron beam

The structural transformations that occur in the near-surface layer in alumina ceramics during irradiation by a pulsed electron beam generated by a forevacuum plasma electron source are studied. The modification of the surface properties of the ceramics is shown to be caused by the formation of regions consisting of close-packed and identically oriented crystallites within every grain. The crystallites are elongated: their length and width are 0.5–1.5 μm and the transverse size is 0.1–0.2 μm.     

The propagation of a polarized gaussian beam in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium

In the frame of the eikonal-based complex geometrical optics, which describes the phase front and cross section of a light beam using the quadratic expansion of a complex-valued eikonal, we investigate the transverse deflections of a polarized Gaussian beam (GB) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium, which is called the spin Hall effect of the beam. The linear complex-valued eikonal terms are introduced firstly to describe the polarization-dependent transverse shifts of the beam in the inhomogeneous medium. We find that the polarization-dependent transverse shifts of the beams include two parts: one originates from the coupling between the spin angular momentum and the extrinsic orbital angular momentum due to the curve trajectory of the center of gravity of the polarized GB, and the other from the coupling between the spin angular momentum and the intrinsic orbital angular momentum due to the rotation of the beam with respect to the central ray.     

Radiation forces of a dielectric medium plate induced by a Gaussian beam

Based on the angular spectrum method, we investigate the radiation forces on a finite-size dielectric medium plate induced by a Gaussian beam. The formulas for the radiation force along longitudinal and transverse direction are derived, and numerically calculation is performed. It is shown that for the finite-size dielectric medium plate, the radiation forces exerted by the Gaussian beam is dependent upon the angle and position of a single ray striking on the plate and the intensity of light. Our numerical results indicate that if we choose the appropriate parameters there will be enough transverse forces to overcome the gravity force, making the plate move upwards.