由刘维尔方程推导玻尔兹曼方程

刘维尔方程是统计物理中基本方程，因而原则上统计物理中许多重要方程都可以由刘维尔方程导出，本文尝试由刘维尔方程推导玻尔兹曼方程．     

从Schroedinger方程引申到Dirac方程的一种简单方法

从Schroedinger方程出发，结合自旋的唯象描述、简单的相对论考虑和适当的猜测，写出了Dirac方程的正确形式     

三维各向同性谐振子的守恒张量及其轨道方程

从牛顿第二定律出发，得到了三维各向同性谐振子的守恒张量，证明了守恒张量能提供一个独立的常数，并运用守恒张量的分量表示谐振子的运动方程，铁道平面方程，长轴和短轴所在直线方程及新坐标系下的轨道方程。     

简便通用型蒸气压方程及汽化热的新算法

1概述至今为止，已发表的通用蒸气压方程比较多，但在工程上获得广泛应用的却很少，其中最受青睐的是Antoine蒸气压方程。该方程使用简便，在一定温度范围内计算精度也较满意，但方程中的三个常数需用实测的蒸气压数据回归确定，这给工程计算带来不便。鉴于此，本文通过对该方程结构特性进行研究，认为此方程常数与物质结构性质密切相关，并找到了直接确定常数的方法。2Antoine常数的确定方法本文首先选用了正常沸点（几，K），临界点（尺，To）以及定义偏心因子（叫值的状态点，把Antoine方程应用于该三个状态点，通过联立求解，由此导出…     

用改进的格子Boltzmann方法模拟浅水长波问题

以正六边形的格子Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎ方法为基础，通过气体动力学的Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程与浅水波方程的比拟，修改了原有的ＬＢＭ方法的平衡态分布函烽，使ＬＢＭ方法所对应的流体力方程与浅水水波方程一致。一维问题的计算结果与离散速度法得到的计算结果作了比较。     

拉氏方程,阿贝尔方程的张量推导

本文应用线性代数、张量分析的基本概念说明拉氏方程、阿贝尔方程可以看作是牛顿方程在约束所允许的矢量空间中的协变分量形式，从而在不直接引用虚位移原理的前提下，导出这两个分析力学的基本方程．     

TLCODE模拟方法介绍

 探讨了TLCODE传输线模拟方法的基本原理、求解方法及步骤，推导了传输线驱动电阻负载、静态电感负载和混合型负载三种典型负载时末端界面电压的表达式，用PSPICE构造一个电路模型，以静态电感负载的计算结果为例，对所介绍的TLCODE方法及推导的公式模型予以验算。结果表明，在计算负载电压时，TLCODE与PSPICE的最大偏差仅为0.2%,在计算电流时，最大偏差仅为0.1%。     

TLCODE模拟方法介绍

探讨了TLCODE传输线模拟方法的基本原理、求解方法及步骤，推导了传输线驱动电阻负载、静态电感负载和混合型负载三种典型负载时末端界面电压的表达式，用PSPICE构造一个电路模型，以静态电感负载的计算结果为例，对所介绍的TLCODE方法及推导的公式模型予以验算。结果表明，在计算负载电压时，TLCODE与PSPICE的最大偏差仅为0.2%,在计算电流时，最大偏差仅为0.1%。     

特勒根方程及其应用

应用变分法的特勒根（Ｔｅｌｌｅｇｅｎ）方程，可 以很方便地解决物理学中某些复杂的问题．虽然用此 方法所求得的解是一个近似解，但只要设计合理、步 骤正确，这个近似解将有足够满意的精度．本文将用 一常见的闭合回路导出特勒根方程，并加以推广，使之具有普遍意义，再举例说明它的应用方法。     

两组新的广义的Ito方程组的多种行波解

利用推广的形变映射法，得到两组广义的Ito方程组的丰富的行波解，包括孤子解，三角函数解，椭圆函数解，幂函数解. 关键词： 广义的Ito方程 非线性Klein-Gordon方程 行波解     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Study on the radiation problem caused by electron beam loss in accelerator tubes

The beam dynamic code PARMELA was used to simulate the transportation process of accelerating electrons in S-band SW linacs with different energies of 2.5, 6 and 20 MeV. The results indicated that in the ideal condition, the percentage of electron beam loss was 50% in accelerator tubes. Also we calculated the spectrum, the location and angular distribution of the lost electrons. Calculation performed by Monte Carlo code MCNP demonstrated that the radiation distribution of lost electrons was nearly uniform along the tube axis, the angular distributions of the radiation dose rates of the three tubes were similar, and the highest leaking dose was at the angle of 160° with respect to the axis. The lower the energy of the accelerator, the higher the radiation relative leakage. For the 2.5 MeV accelerator, the maximum dose rate reached 5% of the main dose and the one on the head of the electron gun was 1%, both of which did not meet the eligible protection requirement for accelerators. We adopted different shielding designs for different accelerators. The simulated result showed that the shielded radiation leaking dose rates fulfilled the requirement.     

Analysis of Laser-generated Rayleigh wave on viscoelastic materials

In order to understand the viscoelasticity of material, this research has been conducted to study the propagation characteristics of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave theoretically. A model is presented for the pulsed laser generation of ultrasound on viscoelastic medium surface. Referred to the Kelvin model, the frequency equation and the normal displacement of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave were derived, the influence of the viscoelastic modulus on dispersion and attenuation was discussed. From the theoretical calculation, it is shown that the effect of viscoelasticity on the attenuation of Rayleigh wave is more than that on its dispersion. In the case of a weak viscosity, the attenuation of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave is directly proportional to viscosity modulus; the effect of shear viscosity on the attenuation is much more than that of bulk viscosity. The transient response of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave was also simulated using Laplace and Hankel inversion transform, which are showed in good agreement with the theoretic predictions. The model provides a useful tool for the determination of viscoelastic parameters of medium.     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.     

Factors affecting the spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium

The spectrum of an electromagnetic light wave on scattering from a semisoft boundary medium is discussed within the accuracy of the first-order Born approximation. It is shown that spectral shifts and spectral switches are affected both by the polarization of the incident light wave and by the characters of the scat-tering medium. Moreover, numerical results show that the direction at which the spectral switch occurs is governed by the characters of the scattering medium, whereas the magnitude of the spectral switch is affected by the polarization of the incident light wave.     

Tropical Monsoon Forest Thermodynamics Based on Remote Sensing Data

This paper addresses thermodynamic variables that characterize the energy balance and structure of the solar energy transformation by the ecosystems of deciduous tropical forests. By analyzing the seasonal dynamics of these variables, two main states of the thermodynamic system are determined: the end of the drought season and the end of the wet season. Two sub-systems of solar energy transformation are also defined: a balance system that is responsible for the moisture transportation between the ecosystem and atmosphere; and a structural bioproductional system responsible for biological productivity. Several types of thermodynamic systems are determined based on the ratio between the invariants of the variables. They match the main classes of the landscape cover. A seasonal change of thermodynamic variables for different types of thermodynamic systems is additionally studied. The study reveals that temperature above the forest ecosystems is about 4° lower than above the open areas during most of the year.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Study on the denoising method for the electromagnetic ultrasonic echoes from multiple interfaces

The electromagnetic ultrasound is used in the detection of interfaces of the adhesive multilayer structures to solve the unstable coupling problem in ultrasonic testing by traditional piezoelectric transducers. Based on the analysis of the transforming mechanism of electromag-netic ultrasound energy and the resultant dead zone from mutual inductance of the transducer, the wavelet filtering by soft-thresholding and adaptive noise canceling methods are used simul-taneously to the detected electromagnetic ultrasonic signals to overcome the drawbacks of the low signal to noise ratio （SNR） and the wide intrinsic dead zone of the transducer. Processed results in the interface detection of a three layered adhesive sample of steel and rubber materials demonstrate that the wavelet filtering enhances the SNR about 12dB while the adaptive noise canceling narrows the dead zone effectively.     

Temperature Sensitivity Control and Mechanical Stress Effect of Boron-Doped Long-Period Fiber Gratings

We will present in this work the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the doping concentrations of GeO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the core and cladding regions and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shift in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Based on this analysis, the temperature sensitivity was suppressed and enhanced to 0.002 nm/°C and 0.28 nm/°C, respectively. We will also discuss the effect of the residual mechanical stress on the optical and mechanical properties of LPFGs. In particular, we will present the measurement results of the dependence of the refractive index change and mechanical strength on the residual mechanical stress in the boron-doped fibers with depressed clad and matched clad.