基于非概率集合可靠性的结构优化设计

在结构非概率集合可靠性模型的基础上,考虑结构系统中的参数不确定性,提出了基于非概率可靠性的结构优化方法。该方法将不确定量看作是区间数,通过区间运算得到结构的非概率可靠性,并以结构的非概率可靠性小于指定可靠性指标为约束条件,利用乘子法对结构的优化问题进行求解。最后应用本文方法对一桁架结构进行总质量优化,优化结果验证了本文...     

基于能度可靠性的结构优化设计方法

基于可靠性的结构优化设计是不确定性结构设计的最合理途径。本文提出了基于能度可靠性的结构优化设计方法,将不确定结构的优化设计描述为：在重量或造价约束下,极小化结构的失效可能度;或对确定的容许失效可能度,极小化结构重量或造价。所提方法和传统的基于随机可靠性的结构优化设计是平行和相似的。由于结构的能度可靠性模型对已知数据的依赖性较低,计算过程较为简便。从而可使结构设计阶段获取数据的难度大大降低,并有效降低计算工作量,且可使模糊信息的处理更为合理。实例计算说明了文中方法是有效和可行的。     

基于非概率模型的结构可靠性优化设计

结构设计受控于诸多因素的不确定性。基于可靠性方法的优化设计是结构设计的合理途径。不确定结构的可靠性优化设计，通常是用概率模型求解。但概率模型的应用是以有足够的数据信息为基础的。且结构的概率可靠性优化设计通常计算量很大，设计效率低。本文基于不确定性的凸集模型描述，提出了一种不同的基于非概率可靠性的结构优化设计模型。它只需知道不定参量的界限，而不要求其分布型式。可显著降低可靠性优化的计算工作量。且由于对初始数据的要求低，具有较强的适用性。实例计算表明文中方法是实用和有效的。     

Fatigue crack growth model for assessing reliability of box-girders for cable-stayed bridge combining SHMS with strain data

Enhancement of the computer algorithm developed for the Runyang cable-stayed bridge (RYCB) in China is made by incorporating the fatigue crack growth analysis in contrast to the SN curve approach. Strain data obtained from the structural health monitoring system (SHMS) and finite element calculations are used. This provides the application of a deterministic method in addition to the probabilistic approach with the added feature of crack growth. The choice of selecting the two-parameter fatigue crack growth criterion was based on the definition of reliability index β such that the new results can be compared with those using the SN curves. A gradual drop of the reliability index β with time with an upper limit was obtained for the crack growth model in contrast to the linear time relation for the SN curve model that had no upper limit. This difference is significant and reveals the importance for selecting the fatigue failure criterion. Deterministic and probabilistic crack growth models are used to assess the differences. The results are based on the box-girder component strain history data of the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge (RYCB) in China, stress history recorded by structural health monitoring system (SHMS) is analyzed using the monitored stress amplitude, mean stress and stress ratio. Finite element calculations are used to supplement data at locations not accessible for measurements. Additional improvement with reference to damage accumulation and the physical meaning of the reliability index will be studies in relation to the fatigue damage of box-girder of long cable-stayed bridges.     

Fatigue strength of welded joints based on local, semi-local and nominal approaches

Analysis based on the so-called “local approach” is made to estimate the fatigue strength of welded joints. Numerical analyses or strain gauges are employed for finding the stress and/or strain state in the vicinity of the weld toe. The notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) approach applied to fillet welded joints, as far as the opening angle between the weld and the main plate surface is constant (e.g. 135°, typical for many fillet welds), is able to rationalise the fatigue strength data both for different joint geometries and absolute dimensions. The NSIF approach has been previously developed as an extension of the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) to open V-notches and is based on the exponential local stress field around the V-notch tip. Several different “local approaches”, although simpler and more practical than the NSIF, are based on the stress (or strain) values determined beyond the exponential local one. To distinguish such approaches from the NSIF based one, we define the former as semi-local or nominal approaches while the latter is a local approach. The paper underlines that the local approaches, differently from the other ones, are able to unify in a single scatter band the fatigue strength data obtained from welded joints having different geometry and absolute dimensions.     

非概率区间模型可靠性指标的梯度投影算法

考虑不确定参数为区间变量,研究求解非概率可靠性指标的有效搜索算法.基于函数梯度法的基本思想,构造搜索方向,建立迭代算法格式,将传统的用于概率可靠性分析的梯度投影法用于非概率可靠性指标的求解.当收敛点为非最可能失效点时,提出了空间降维算法,并给出了整个搜索算法的计算步骤.通过数值算例,验证了本文提出的搜索迭代算法的有效性和正确性.     

基于凸模型的复杂多学科系统可靠性设计研究

复杂工程系统通常涉及到多个相互耦合的学科,而且其中往往存在不确定性因素。本文采用凸模型描述不确定性变量,将序列优化和可靠性评价方法应用于多学科可靠性优化之中,提出了一种新的多学科系统可靠性设计方法。在该方法中,可靠性分析采用功能度量法,多学科优化方法采用多学科可行方法或者二级系统一体化合成优化方法。数值算例和工程算例说明,该方法求解效率较常规嵌套求解方法效率高,为复杂工程系统的可靠性设计提供了一种新型求解算法。     

一种基于区间过程模型的时变可靠性分析方法

本文提出了一种基于区间过程模型的时变可靠性分析方法来处理涉及区间变量和区间过程的问题.首先,定义一种基于极值响应的可靠性指标来度量区间变量和区间过程不确定性下结构的可靠性.其次,建立并求解一双层优化模型以获得可靠性指标.在内层中,使用EGO方法计算功能函数关于时间的极值响应;在外层中,对极值响应关于原始区间变量和区间过...     

基于多重子域代理模型的结构可靠性分析

基于合理子域概念,构建多重代理模型。多重代理模型在合理子域内采用经典响应面模型,在合理子域外采用经典Kriging模型,能够充分利用两种经典模型各自的优势。多重代理模型能够合理规避经典响应面模型中响应函数采取事先假定形式带来的可靠度评估风险,同时能够有效避免经典Kriging模型中试验点组合爆炸的问题。相比经典响应面模型,多重代理模型所需试验点数量并未增加,计算效率与经典响应面模型大体相同。算例表明,本文方法的计算结果与MCS的计算结果几乎一致,具有较好的计算精度。     

基于区间分析的结构非概率可靠性模型

本文用非概率的凸集模型模拟结构的不确定性,将结构的不确定参数描述为区间变量,基于区间分析,提出了一种新的非概率可靠性度量体系分析方法,从物理、几何意义等方面解释了文中理论的合理性,其计算方法简便,衫,给出了算例分析。     

基于微粒群算法的区间模型非概率可靠性指标的计算

把工程实际中的不确定参数考虑为区间变量,研究基于微粒群算法的区间模型非概率可靠性指标的计算。利用非概率可靠性指标只存在于过标准化区间变量张成的空间顶点和原点的直线与功能函数的交点,建立基于微粒群算法的优化模型,并对目标函数进行改进,使其更利于优化计算。一系列数值算例和与以前方法的比较证明了该方法计算简便,结论较为精确,具有一定的可行性。     

椭球凸模型非概率可靠性度量和区间安全系数的关系

研究了椭球凸模型非概率可靠性度量和区间模型安全系数的关系。根据基于椭球凸模型的非概率可靠性指标和非概率可靠度的定义,建立了两者之间的函数关系;按照区间模型安全系数的定义,给出了由椭球参数确定的3种区间模型安全系数,分析了它们的意义;建立了非概率可靠性指标和区间模型安全系数之间的解析关系,讨论了它们在评估结构可靠性或安全程度上的意义;通过数值算例验证了分析结果。     

Structure buckling hybrid reliability analysis of a supercavitating projectile using a model with truncated probability and multi-ellipsoid convex set uncertainties

Structure buckling problems for supercavitating projectiles are often observed in high underwater velocity operating conditions. As a result, it is necessary to perform a structure buckling reliability analysis. It is common that \hboxprobabilistic and nonprobabilistic uncertainty information exist simultaneously. Also, it is reasonable that probability distributions of most random variables in engineering are treated as truncated probability distributions. In this paper, a new hybrid model is proposed, which deals with structure performance function with both truncated probability distribution variables and multi-ellipsoid convex set variables. The model discussed here is adapted for two separate cases in the standard super-sphere space, i.e., limit state surface interferences with a unit super-sphere region or not. The hybrid reliability index is calculated using a modified limit step length iteration algorithm to ensure convergence. Good convergence and validity of the iteration algorithm are verified using numerical examples with highly nonlinear structure performance function. The hybrid model is applied to the structure buckling hybrid reliability analysis of a supercavitating projectile. Results show that structure buckling hybrid reliability index increases with the increase in the ratio of base diameter to cavitator diameter, and decreases with the increase of initial launch velocity. Also, uncertainty degree of cavitator drag coefficient and initial launch velocity should be controlled in demonstration for high structure buckling reliability of supercavitating projectiles.     

基于主动学习Kriging模型与序列重要抽样的随机-区间混合可靠性分析

针对随机-区间混合可靠性分析中复杂功能函数的高非线性和多设计点问题,本文提出了一种结合主动学习Kriging模型与序列重要抽样方法的混合可靠性分析方法.在序列重要采样方法中采用高斯混合分布作为提议分布进行逐级采样,逐步逼近最优重要抽样函数的采样样本;结合序列重要抽样方法的特点,提出了主动学习Kriging模型的两步学习...     

基于主动学习Kriging模型的结构多失效模式可靠度计算

对于具有多失效模式的结构可靠度计算问题,利用多输出Kriging模型作为代理模型进行分析。该代理模型只需对所有功能函数进行一次建模,无需对每个功能函数建立各自的代理模型,且在建模过程中能够考虑各失效模式之间的相关性。本文方法设定的初始样本点不仅对随机变量均值附近区域给予足够重视,而且能够兼顾设计空间的边缘区域,进而确保初始代理模型在全局空间内具有较好精度,以减少后续利用学习函数更新代理模型的次数。数值算例表明,本文方法具有较好的计算精度和较高的计算效率,当失效模式较多时,计算效率大幅提升。     

A novel method for residual strength prediction for sheets with multiple site damage: Methodology and experimental validation

A unified method for solving the strip yield model for collinear cracks in finite and infinite sheet is proposed. The method is based on the weight function of a single crack. Two collinear cracks in finite and infinite sheets are used to apply and verify this method. The plastic zone size, crack opening displacement and stress distribution along the ligament between cracks obtained by using the present method are extensively compared with existing available results and finite element solutions, and very good agreements are observed. Combined with the Crack Tip Opening Angle (CTOA) criterion, the unified method is used to predict the crack growth behavior and residual strength for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheet with Multiple Site Damage (MSD). Thirty-two sheets with four types of MSD are designed and tested to verify this method. It is shown that the present method is able to predict various crack growth behaviors observed in experiment. The predicted residual strengths are within 9% of the corresponding test results. Compared to the elastic–plastic finite element method, the present method is much more efficient.     

基于刚度损伤并考虑强度退化的钢筋模型

Clough本构广泛应用于现浇节点的滞回模拟中,针对原始Clough本构中的应力可能会超出材料自身极限强度的问题,提出了一种根据节点刚度损伤来推导钢筋本构的算法。该算法依次建立现浇节点刚度退化与构件中钢筋模量退化间的关系及梁端位移角与钢筋应变的关系,根据以上关系建立钢筋强度退化的表达式,并得到钢筋的本构模型。使用Fortran语言编写自定义纤维单元材料子程序,利用有限元软件ABAQUS进行两个算例验证,得到的模拟滞回曲线具有捏缩现象,形状与试验吻合良好,耗能和延性等方面可与试验接近,在峰值点位移角的预测方面也具备一定的优势,同时,本构在二维和三维模型中均有良好的收敛性,且精度较高,可以应用于实际工程中。     

基于统一强度理论的岩石弹塑性本构模型及其数值实现

基于弹塑性力学理论,以统一强度准则为屈服准则,建立了考虑硬化/软化行为和应变率效应的岩石弹塑性本构模型;采用Fortran语言通过LS-DYNA的用户自定义材料接口(Umat)对该弹塑性本构模型进行编程,并把该程序生成求解器以达到对该模型进行应用的目的;通过岩石的单轴压缩实验和SHPB实验对所建的弹塑性本构模型进行验证,结果表明,该弹塑性本构模型能够反映岩石在准静态和动态下的力学行为。