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1.
The dipeptide hypoglycin B, one of two toxins of the ackee fruit (Blighia sapida Koenig), was characterized for the first time by NMR spectral data, which led to the discovery that it exists naturally as a pair of diastereomers. No distinction was observed in the 1H NMR signals of the diastereomers; however, complete and distinct 13C NMR assignments for the individual diastereomers were made. The 13C NMR spectrum of hypoglycin B compared very well with that of the corresponding signals in the spectrum for hypoglycin A, which is one of its constituent amino acids. The 1H and 13C NMR assignments were further supported by DEPT, gCOSY, gHSQC and gHMBC experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2.
Research has been carried out to determine the potential of partial least squares (PLS) modeling of mid-infrared (IR) spectra of crude oils combined with the corresponding 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, to predict the long residue (LR) properties of these substances. The study elaborates further on a recently developed and patented method to predict this type of information from only IR spectra. In the present study, PLS modeling was carried out for 7 different LR properties, i.e., yield long-on-crude (YLC), density (DLR), viscosity (VLR), sulfur content (S), pour point (PP), asphaltenes (Asph) and carbon residue (CR). Research was based on the spectra of 48 crude oil samples of which 28 were used to build the PLS models and the remaining 20 for validation. For each property, PLS modeling was carried out on single type IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra and on 3 sets of merged spectra, i.e., IR + 1H NMR, IR + 13C NMR and IR + 1H NMR + 13C NMR. The merged spectra were created by considering the NMR data as a scaled extension of the IR spectral region. In addition, PLS modeling of coupled spectra was performed after a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR calibration sets. For these models, the 10 most relevant PCA scores of each set were concatenated and scaled prior to PLS modeling. The validation results of the individual IR models, expressed as root-mean-square-error-of-prediction (RMSEP) values, turned out to be slightly better than those obtained for the models using single input 13C NMR or 1H NMR data. For the models based on IR spectra combined with NMR data, a significant improvement of the RMSEP values was not observed neither for the models based on merged spectra nor for those based on the PCA scores. It implies, that the commonly accepted complementary character of NMR and IR is, at least for the crude oil and bitumen samples under study, not reflected in the results of PLS modeling. Regarding these results, the absence of sample preparation and the straightforward way of data acquisition, IR spectroscopy is preferred over NMR for the prediction of LR properties of crude oils at site.  相似文献   

3.
《Vibrational Spectroscopy》2010,52(2):205-212
Research has been carried out to determine the potential of partial least squares (PLS) modeling of mid-infrared (IR) spectra of crude oils combined with the corresponding 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, to predict the long residue (LR) properties of these substances. The study elaborates further on a recently developed and patented method to predict this type of information from only IR spectra. In the present study, PLS modeling was carried out for 7 different LR properties, i.e., yield long-on-crude (YLC), density (DLR), viscosity (VLR), sulfur content (S), pour point (PP), asphaltenes (Asph) and carbon residue (CR). Research was based on the spectra of 48 crude oil samples of which 28 were used to build the PLS models and the remaining 20 for validation. For each property, PLS modeling was carried out on single type IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectra and on 3 sets of merged spectra, i.e., IR + 1H NMR, IR + 13C NMR and IR + 1H NMR + 13C NMR. The merged spectra were created by considering the NMR data as a scaled extension of the IR spectral region. In addition, PLS modeling of coupled spectra was performed after a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR calibration sets. For these models, the 10 most relevant PCA scores of each set were concatenated and scaled prior to PLS modeling. The validation results of the individual IR models, expressed as root-mean-square-error-of-prediction (RMSEP) values, turned out to be slightly better than those obtained for the models using single input 13C NMR or 1H NMR data. For the models based on IR spectra combined with NMR data, a significant improvement of the RMSEP values was not observed neither for the models based on merged spectra nor for those based on the PCA scores. It implies, that the commonly accepted complementary character of NMR and IR is, at least for the crude oil and bitumen samples under study, not reflected in the results of PLS modeling. Regarding these results, the absence of sample preparation and the straightforward way of data acquisition, IR spectroscopy is preferred over NMR for the prediction of LR properties of crude oils at site.  相似文献   

4.
4‐Hydroxycoumarins are compounds with a lot of applications as drugs and herbicides. They have very interesting spectral and chemical properties, which are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Some new 4‐hydroxycoumarins with arylydene‐β‐ketoester or arylydene‐2,4‐pentanedione side chain were synthesized by two step synthetic scheme. Their structure was characterized by UV–vis, IR, and 1H NMR methods. The spectral behavior of the optimized structures of these compounds was reproduced by the hybrid DFT methods B3LYP and B3P86 with 6‐31G** and aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis sets. Electronic excited states and vibrational frequencies were calculated. HF method was also used for comparison, because of the lack of electronic correlation. The theoretical spectra were compared with the experimental ones. A lot of compounds show good agreement between experimental and some of the theoretical data, especially obtained by aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008  相似文献   

5.
The direct molecular structure implementations of the gage-including atomic orbital (GIAO), individual gages for atoms in molecules (IGAIM) and continuous set of gage transformations (CSGT) methods for calculating nuclear magnetic shielding tensors at both the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional (B3LYP) levels of theory with 6-31G(d), 6-311G(d), 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p), and 6-311++G(df,pd) basis sets are presented. Dependence on the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts on the choice of method and basis set have been investigated. Also, these chemical shifts of 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 5a–g have been performed related to dihedral angles (C4–C3–C2–O) of two conformers. The optimized molecular geometries and 1H and 13C chemical shift values of 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 5a–g in the ground state have been obtained. The linear correlation coefficients of 13C NMR chemical shifts for these molecules were given. The new nuclear magnetic shielding tensors of tetramethylsilane (TMS) were calculated. The data of 2-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives display significant molecular structure and NMR analysis. Also, these provide the basis for future design of efficient materials having the 1,3,4-oxadiazole core.  相似文献   

6.
7.
The thorough analysis of highly complex NMR spectra using pure shift NMR experiments is described. The enhanced spectral resolution obtained from modern 2D HOBS experiments incorporating spectral aliasing in the 13C indirect dimension enables the distinction of similar compounds exhibiting near‐identical 1H and 13C NMR spectra. It is shown that a complete set of extremely small Δδ(1H) and Δδ(13C) values, even below the natural line width (1 and 5 ppb, respectively), can be simultaneously determined and assigned.  相似文献   

8.
Complete 1H, 13C, 19F and 11B NMR spectral data for 28 potassium organotrifluoroborates are described. The resonance for the carbon bearing the boron atom is described for most of the studied compounds. A modified 11B NMR pulse sequence was used and better resolution was observed allowing the observation of 11B–19F coupling constants for some of the studied compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
The paper presents results of a systematic NMR studies on fluorinated phenylboronic acids. All possible derivatives were studied. The experimental 1H, 13C, 19F, 11B, and 17O spectral data were compared with the results of theoretical calculations. The relation between the calculated natural bond orbital parameters and spectral data (chemical shifts and coupling constants) is discussed. The first examples of 10B/11B isotopic effect on the 19F spectra and 4JFO scalar coupling in organic compounds are reported. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
The comparison of the gauge‐including atomic orbital (GIAO) and the continuous set of gauge transformation methods for calculating nuclear magnetic chemical shifts (CSs) mainly at density functional levels of theory are presented. Isotropic 13 C and 15 N magnetic CS for 14 compounds of tetrazoles are reported. Compared with establishing a convenient and consistent protocol to be employed for confirming the experimental 13 C and 15 N NMR spectra of tetrazole compounds, different combinations of functionals and basis sets were considered. The most reliable results were obtained at GIAO/B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ with integral equation formulation for the polarizable continuum model (PCM), which has the smallest root mean square errors and can be used to calculate 13 C and 15 N NMR CS with a very high accuracy for tetrazoles. These results show that the accurately calculated 15N NMR CS of tetrazoles could be used for the evaluation of the intrinsic relationship between structure and explosive properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
Aluminium carbide, Al4C3, was characterised by 13C and 27Al solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The 13C NMR spectra display two resonances with an intensity ratio of 1:2, which is in agreement with the reported crystal structure. The 27Al NMR spectra of Al4C3 under both static and MAS conditions were deconvoluted into two spectral components, belonging to the two aluminium species Al1 and Al2 in the crystal structure of Al4C3. The spectral fit allowed for determination of the relatively large quadrupolar coupling constants (χ ≈? 16 MHz) of both 27Al species. One aluminium species displayed a tendency of having a χ of slightly smaller magnitude compared to the other. By carrying out DFT calculations of the EFG tensor at the 27Al sites using the Wien2k software, we could tentatively assign the smaller χ site to be the crystallographic Al1 species. Also, the isotropic chemical shift for the carbon‐coordinated aluminium in Al4C3 could be determined, being in the range of 111 to 120 ppm. This is somewhat larger than those shift values observed for 27Al in nitrogen coordination.  相似文献   

12.
Twenty-two new 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4,5-oxadiazaboroles were prepared by the cyclocondensation reaction of N-substituted thiophene, furan and pyridine carboxamidoximes with phenylboronic acid in refluxing toluene in good yields. The structures of the new oxadiazaboroles were elucidated by means of spectral measurements (IR, 1H, 13C, 11B NMR, MS, X-ray) and physical data (melting points, elemental compositions by HRMS).  相似文献   

13.
The title molecule, 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (C14H11ClN2), was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, and gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values of the title compound in the ground state have been calculated by using the Hartree‐Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with 6‐31G(d) basis sets, and compared with the experimental data. The calculated results show that the optimized geometries can well reproduce the crystal structural parameters, and the theoretical vibrational frequencies and GIAO 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts show good agreement with experimental values. The energetic behavior of the title compound in solvent media has been examined using B3LYP method with the 6‐31G(d) basis set by applying the Onsager and the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the title compound were investigated by theoretical calculations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011  相似文献   

14.
The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction of 2-amino -4-(4-substituted phenyl)-thiazoles 1, in the presence of micellar media, gives formylated derivatives 2, which upon hydrolysis afforded thiazole-5-carboxaldehydes 3. Microwave-assisted Knoevenagel condensation of 3 with active methylene compounds, in the presence of piperidine as catalyst, gives excellent yields of ylidenenitrile compounds 4. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral analysis. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activity using two Gram-positive and one Gram-negative bacterial species and their antifungal activity was screened using two fungal species.  相似文献   

15.
Accurate computationally derived reduction potentials are important for catalyst design. In this contribution, relatively inexpensive density functional theory methods are evaluated for computing reduction potentials of a wide variety of organic, inorganic, and organometallic complexes. Astonishingly, SCRF single points on B3LYP optimized geometries with a reasonably small basis set/ECP combination works quite well‐‐B3LYP with the BS1 [modified‐LANL2DZ basis set/ECP (effective core potential) for metals, LANL2DZ(d,p) basis set/LANL2DZ ECP for heavy nonmetals (Si, P, S, Cl, and Br), and 6‐31G(d') for other elements (H, C, N, O, and F)] and implicit PCM solvation models, SMD (solvation model based on density) or IEFPCM (integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model with Bondi atomic radii and α = 1.1 reaction field correction factor). The IEFPCM‐Bondi‐B3LYP/BS1 methodology was found to be one of the least expensive and most accurate protocols, among six different density functionals tested (BP86, PBEPBE, B3LYP, B3P86, PBE0, and M06) with thirteen different basis sets (Pople split‐valence basis sets, correlation consistent basis sets, or Los Alamos National Laboratory ECP/basis sets) and four solvation models (SMD, IEFPCM, IPCM, and CPCM). The MAD (mean absolute deviation) values of SCRF‐B3LYP/BS1 of 49 studied species were 0.263 V for SMD and 0.233 V for IEFPCM‐Bondi; and the linear correlations had respectable R 2 values (R 2 = 0.94 for SMD and R 2 = 0.93 for IEFPCM‐Bondi). These methodologies demonstrate relatively reliable, convenient, and time‐saving functional/basis set/solvation model combinations in computing the reduction potentials of transition metal complexes with moderate accuracy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The synthesis of novel metal-free and zinc phthalocyanines with four 3-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl]-7-oxo-4-methylcoumarin dye groups on the periphery were prepared by cyclotetramerization of a novel 3-[(2-diethylamino)ethyl]-7-[(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)]-4-methylcoumarin. The novel chromogenic compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MALDI-TOF, IR and UV–Vis spectral data. The electronic spectra exhibit bands of coumarin identity along with characteristic Q and B bands of the phthalocyanine (Pc) core. The IR spectra of all the Pcs showed three characteristic intense bands, at 1704 cm−1 for the lactone carbonyl and two bands at 1489–1604 cm−1 for the conjugated olefinic system.  相似文献   

18.
A series of new tricyclic macrocycles containing a chalcone moiety were synthesized from chalcones through alkylation using different dibromoalkanes. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity.  相似文献   

19.
A novel hydrazide, 2‐methoxy‐4‐(3‐methyfuroxan‐4‐yl)‐5‐nitrophenoxyacetylhydrazine, was prepared from isoeugenoxyacetic acid. The hydrazide was condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give a series of 20 hydrazide‐hydrazones incorporating the furoxan ring. The structure of obtained compounds was determined by analytical and spectral data. It was demonstrated that the two sets of resonance signals in the 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectra of the examined hydrazide‐hydrazones are caused by EN–C(O) and ZN–C(O) conformers. The energy barriers for the conformation exchange were determined by 1H‐NMR‐measurement at various temperatures. Among seven tested hydrazide‐hydrazones, four compounds exhibit inhibition activities in vitro on human epidermis carcinoma (KB‐cell) with IC50 = 47, 68, 79, and 103 μg/mL.  相似文献   

20.
9,10-Di-(1′-naphthyl)anthracene is often used as electroluminescence materials in organic light-emitting diodes. Because of the hindered rotation about the σ-bond between naphthyl and anthracene chromophore, two possible stereoisomers can be isolated. HPLC, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra gave two different sets of peaks and the X-ray single crystal analysis confirmed the structures of the two isomers, anti and syn. syn was more soluble than anti in THF as well as toluene and the thermal properties of the two were quite different. Differential scanning calorimetry study and HPLC analysis showed that the isomerization between anti and syn in the solid state took place at >370 °C.  相似文献   

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