金属薄膜厚度小于电子自由程对其光反射率的影响

提出了金属薄膜厚度对薄膜中自由电子的平均自由程影响的物理模型,并给出了薄膜中自由电子的平均自由程的修正公式.理论研究表明:当膜厚小于自由电子的平均自由程时,薄膜中电子平均自由程随膜厚的减小而减小;当膜厚大于或等于自由电子的平均自由程时,薄膜中电子的平均自由程与块状材料一样.利用薄膜中电子平均自由程的计算公式,修正了薄膜...     

网络平均短程与网络乘积

讨论网络的平均短程.网络乘积的平均短程等于网络平均短程之和.由此可用其计算一些结构网络的平均短程.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体Rosen-Zener跃迁中的多体量子涨落效应

研究了处于对称双势阱中玻色一爱因斯坦凝聚体Rosen—Zener跃迁过程的多体量子涨落效应,分析了末态平均布居数差与扫描周期的关系．线性情况下,得到了末态平均布居数差关于扫描周期的解析表达式,该结果与平均场下的结果完全一致,并利用数值方法进行了验证．非线性情况下,通过数值计算发现,快速扫描时末态平均布居数差与平均场情况下的结果符合比较好;然而绝热扫描时与平均场情况却有着很大的不同：末态平均布居数差随扫描周期的变化不再是平均场情况下的方波形式而是类似于正弦型的振荡,而且振荡周期会随着粒子数Ⅳ以及非线性参数c的增加而增大．     

金属薄膜厚度小于电子自由程对其光反射率的影响

提出了金属薄膜厚度对薄膜中自由电子的平均自由程影响的物理模型,并给出了薄膜中自由电子的平均自由程的修正公式.理论研究表明:当膜厚小于自由电子的平均自由程时,薄膜中电子平均自由程随膜厚的减小而减小|当膜厚大于或等于自由电子的平均自由程时,薄膜中电子的平均自由程与块状材料一样.利用薄膜中电子平均自由程的计算公式,修正了薄膜导电率的基本理论表达式,再利用金属薄膜的反射率与薄膜导电率的关系,得出金属薄膜厚度对其光反射率的影响.计算机模拟表明:当薄膜厚度小于电子自由程时,金属薄膜反射率随薄膜厚度变化而呈非线性关系.     

复杂背景下混合畸变目标识别技术

结合高斯函数和最大平均相关高度算法设计了高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器,解决了光学相关识别系统对混合畸变目标(同时存在比例畸变和旋转畸变的目标)的识别问题.在设计滤波器时,通过优化平衡高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器的标准差σ、输出噪声方差系数α、平均相关能量系数β及平均相似测量系数γ来提高高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器对混合畸变目标的响应能力.最后通过仿真实验可知,在畸变容差范围(比例畸变0.92~1.16倍,旋转畸变-8度~24度)内,Vander Lugt相关器利用单个高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器可以实现任意状态混合畸变目标的识别.作为实例,用高斯-最大平均相关高度滤波器对复杂背景下的飞机目标进行了识别实验,验证了该方法的可行性.     

三维多相场数值模拟共晶CBr4-C2Cl6合金在不同抽拉速度下的形态选择

利用KKSO多相场模型对定向凝固共晶CBr4-C2Cl6合金的三维恒速及变速生长过程进行了研究,再现了不同抽拉速度下共晶形态演化及选择过程,建立了形态选择图,研究了变速过程的界面平均生长速度及界面平均过冷度的变化.结果表明,变速前后的形态选择与恒速下的形态选择一致;变速过程的形态演变、界面平均生长速度和界面平均过冷度的变化均产生滞后效应;界面平均生长速度和界面平均过冷度之间的关系与理论结果符合较好.     

空间激光通信中孔径平均效应的计算仿真

为了评估孔径平均效应对空间激光通信系统性能的影响,理论分析和数值计算了激光通信系统中传输链路的统计特性,包括闪烁指数、衰落概率、衰落次数和平均衰落时间。结果表明:随着接收天线孔径的增加,传输链路的闪烁指数降低、衰落概率减小、衰落次数减少、平均衰落时间缩短,孔径平均效应使得通信系统性能得到提升。由于强湍流条件下湍流尺寸小,因此孔径平均效应明显。     

噪声修正的混响反演海底反射系数幅值参数

利用一种噪声修正方法解决低混噪比条件下混响数据反演海底反射系数幅值参数偏差的问题。将全波动混响理论中的混响非相干平均强度,叠加海洋环境噪声平均强度,获得包含噪声的混响平均强度理论,分析背景噪声平均强度对反演海底反射系数幅值参数的影响。数值仿真表明,背景噪声平均强度的叠加使得混响平均强度衰减趋势减缓,导致海底反射系数幅值参数反演结果偏小,混响噪声比越低,影响越明显。提出一种噪声平均强度相减的修正方法,对混响噪声比为[0,6] dB的混响平均强度数据进行修正,利用修正后的混响数据反演得到偏差较小的海底反射系数幅值参数。对比浅海混响实验数据衰减至不同混噪比时反演所得海底反射系数幅值参数,以及经噪声修正后的反演结果,验证了本文提出方法的可行性。      

空间平均的角度散斑相关粗糙度测量模拟研究

角度散斑相关是一种不受表面粗糙度轮廓的间距特性影响的粗糙度幅度参量测量方法,它的数学模型通常建立在集平均的基础上。通过模拟计算随机粗糙表面的远场散斑场,以散斑图面上的空间平均代替常规的集平均来计算角度散斑相关系数,并应用集平均的数学模型反演粗糙度参量。结果证实了这种空间平均角度散斑相关粗糙度测量方法的有效性,在同一表面只需对少数个区域进行测量并对测得的粗糙度参量取平均,即可获得足够的测量精度。对于Rq大于2.0μm的表面,测量相对误差小于15%。根据最佳测量条件,该方法适用于大粗糙度表面。     

气冷服近体调温性能的数值分析

为了探讨气冷服的近体调温性能,构建了体表-服装几何模型,采用数值模拟的方法研究了平均皮肤温度、内外温差关于进气速度、进气温度及人体散热率的变化关系。结果表明:体表上半部分温度高于下半部分温度;平均皮肤温度与进气速度成幂函数关系,温差与进气速度成对数函数关系;平均皮肤温度及温差关于进气温度成线性关系,进气温度每降低1℃,则平均皮肤温度降低0.39℃,而温差上升0.41℃;平均皮肤温度关于人体散热率成线性变化,散热率每增大5W/m~2,平均皮肤温度升高0.6℃。     

超高速正撞击溅射物实验与仿真研究

 随着人类航天活动日益频繁,由微流星体和空间微小碎片超高速撞击航天器表面反溅生成的溅射物,对空间碎片环境的影响将越来越大。利用2017-T4铝合金球弹丸超高速正撞击5A06铝合金靶板进行了地面模拟实验与数值仿真计算,研究了反溅碎片特性参数,其中包括溅射物的平均速度、平均尺寸、平均溅射角,为空间碎片溅射物模型的建立奠定基础。采用多元回归方法,确定了溅射物平均速度与弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸之间的函数关系。研究表明,利用光滑粒子法（SPH）进行数值仿真计算,可以有效模拟溅射物平均尺寸、平均速度、平均溅射角;溅射物平均速度随弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸的增加而增加;溅射物基本呈圆锥形反溅,溅射物平均溅射角在41°左右,基本不受弹丸速度、弹丸尺寸的影响。     

Exact solutions to one-dimensional acoustic fields with temperature gradient and mean flow

An exact solution for one-dimensional acoustic fields in ducts in the presence of an axial mean temperature gradient and mean flow is presented in this paper. The analysis is valid for mean Mach numbers such that the square of the mean Mach number is much less than one. The one-dimensional wave equation for ducts with axial mean temperature gradient and mean flow is derived. By appropriate transformations, the wave equation is reduced to an analytically solvable hypergeometric differential equation for the case of a linear mean temperature profile. The developed solution is applied to investigate the dependence of sound propagation in a duct on factors such as temperature gradient and mean flow. The results obtained using the analytical solution compare very well with the numerical results. The developed solution is also compared with an existing analytical solution.     

平均最后通过时间和热核裂变速率

提出利用平均最后通过鞍点时间计算热核裂变速率,结果表明平均最后通过鞍点时间的倒数比平均首次通过断点时间的倒数更接近朗之万数值模拟值. The mean last passage time is introduced to instead of the mean first passage time for studying the decay of an induced-fissioning system. The stationary fission rate determined by the inverse of mean last passage time across the saddle point is agreement with the resulting rate of Langevin simulation and better than that of mean first passage time arriving at the scission point.     

Virtual-site correlation mean field approach to criticality in spin systems

We propose a virtual-site correlation mean field theory for dealing with interacting many-body systems. It involves a coarse-graining technique that terminates a step before the mean field theory: While mean field theory deals with only single-body physical parameters, the virtual-site correlation mean field theory deals with single- as well as two-body ones, and involves a virtual site for every interaction term in the Hamiltonian. We generalize the theory to a cluster virtual-site correlation mean field, that works with a fundamental unit of the lattice of the many-body system. We apply these methods to interacting Ising spin systems in several lattice geometries and dimensions, and show that the predictions of the onset of criticality of these models are generally much better in the proposed theories as compared to the corresponding ones in mean field theories.     

Mean fields and self consistent normal ordering of lattice spin and gauge field theories

Classical Heisenberg spin models on lattices possess mean field theories that are well defined real field theories on finite lattices. These mean field theories can be self consistently normal ordered. This leads to a considerable improvement over standard mean field theory. This concept is carried over to lattice gauge theories. We construct first an appropriate real mean field theory. The equations determining the Gaussian kernel necessary for self-consistent normal ordering of this mean field theory are derived.     

基于均值距离测度的医学图像配准

针对互信息测度在配准医学图像时易陷入局部极值、速度慢的缺点,提出了基于均值不等式的均值距离测度.首先根据均值不等式推导出5种均值距离测度：方根-算术均值距离(SAM)、方根-几何均值距离(SGM)、方根-调和均值距离(SHM)、算术-几何均值距离(AGM)、算术-调和均值距离(AHM).然后通过人体脑部CT/MR和MR-T1/PD图像的刚体配准实验,从函数曲线、配准精度、计算时间和收敛性能方面,对互信息与5种均值距离信息测度进行了比较与分析.实验结果表明,在不损失配准精度的前提下,AHM和SAM测度可以获得更快的配准速度,对噪声有很强的鲁棒性.     

On the acoustic performance of rectangular splitter silencers in the presence of mean flow

Dissipative splitter silencers are often used to reduce the noise emitted in ventilation and gas turbine systems. It is well known that the acoustic performance of a splitter silencer changes under the influence of the convective effects of a mean gas flow and so in this article a theoretical model is developed to include the effects of mean flow. The theoretical model is based on a hybrid finite element method which enables the inclusion of bull nose fairings and a perforated screen separating the mean gas flow from a bulk reacting porous material. Predictions are compared against experimental measurements obtained both with and without mean flow. Good agreement between prediction and measurement is generally observed in the absence of mean flow, although it is seen that for silencers with a low percentage open area the silencer insertion loss is over predicted at higher frequencies. When mean flow is present, problems with the experimental methodology are observed at relatively modest mean flow velocities, and so comparison between prediction and experiment is limited to relatively low face velocities. However, experiment and theory both show that the insertion loss reduces at low frequencies when mean flow is in the direction of sound propagation, and at high frequencies the influence of mean flow is generally much smaller. Following additional theoretical investigations it is concluded that the influence of mean flow on splitter silencer performance should be accounted for at low frequencies when silencer airway velocities are greater than about 20 m/s; however, at higher frequencies one may generally neglect the effect of mean flow, even at higher velocities. Predictions obtained using the hybrid method are also compared to a simplified point collocation approach and it is demonstrated that the computationally efficient point collocation method may be used to investigate the effects of mean flow in a splitter silencer without loss of accuracy.     

公路交通噪声等效车道距离的确定方法探讨

在公路交通噪声计算中,目前常用的确定等效车道距离的方法是计算接受点至近车道和远车道的距离的几何平均值,但使用该方法得到的接受点处的交通噪声与使用两个车道分别计算后再叠加的方法所得到结果相比,存在一定偏差。本文提出用调和平均值确定等效车道距离,即用接受点至近车道和远车道的距离的几何平均值的平方除以算术平均值来确定等效车道距离。通过比较,证明调和平均法比几何平均法具有更高的精确性。     

Equations of energy exchanges in variable density turbulent flows

This paper establishes a new formulation of the energy exchanges between the different parts of total energy. The decomposition uses the Reynolds averaging. This leads to a ternary decomposition of kinetic energy into the turbulence kinetic energy, the mean kinetic energy and the mixed kinetic energy, acting as an exchange term between the mean and turbulent motion. The formulation is then extended to distinguish a mean and fluctuating density part of each part of total energy. The formulation thus includes the mean density turbulence kinetic energy, product of the mean density and the half-trace of the velocity fluctuation correlation tensor. Its evolution equation is given in the spectral domain.