三间隙耦合腔输出回路的等效电路

 给出了三间隙耦合腔输出回路的等效电路,利用等效电路确定了谐振频率及间隙阻抗矩阵。从间隙阻抗出发,结合双间隙耦合腔输出回路探讨了模式重叠的机制,并将其应用于Ka波段的三间隙耦合腔输出回路。基于能量守恒的观点得到了三间隙耦合腔输出回路的互作用阻抗频率特性,从而调整电路参数,使所研究电路的3 dB带宽达到了4.48%。     

基于三端口网络模型的折叠波导行波管注波互作用理论研究

将周期性慢波结构中的单元结构等效为一个三端口网络,利用高频结构模拟软件确定等效模型的参数,由此建立了一种通用的慢波结构等效模型.该方法不需要进行复杂的电路等效,直接由高频软件得到通道内场分布,因此较解析方法简单,又不像等效线路模型那么烦琐.基于该三端口网络模型,建立了适用于折叠波导行波管的一维注波互作用非线性理论模型,编写了数值计算程序,对一支折叠波导行波管进行了模拟.该理论模型模拟的结果与实验结果误差小于10%.该理论模型可以用于指导新型折叠波导行波管的设计及非线性模拟研究.     

陡化前沿Marx发生器的设计与初步实验

 设计了10级同轴结构的陡化前沿Marx发生器,实现了电容储能型脉冲功率调制系统的小型化。该系统采用3 nF低电感电容器作为储能电容,采用固体电阻作为充电电阻,通过各级短间隙气体火花开关迅速放电及级间紫外光耦合在50 Ω负载上建立了陡化前沿的输出电压波形。在考虑开关电极分散电容、等效传输线效应及回路电感等因素基础上,利用自击穿火花开关模型建立了等效放电电路模型,并利用PSpice电路模拟软件进行了数值模拟。根据数值模拟结果设计加工了10级陡化前沿的Marx发生器实验装置,在较低充电电压下（7 kV与11 kV）,得到了初步实验结果,输出电压波形大致为方波,相对于传统Marx发生器输出前沿缓慢的三角波有较大改善,半高宽为40~50 ns,前沿时间为十几ns,幅值约为41 kV和57.5 kV,实验结果与模拟结果基本一致。     

弯曲振动薄圆盘的共振频率和等效电路参数研究

机电等效电路是分析复合换能器常用的一种解析方法, 但对薄圆盘而言, 由于弯曲振动的复杂性, 其等效集中参数很难获得, 该方法很少被应用. 本文从分布参数系统与集中参数系统等效角度, 根据动能相等原则和势能相等原则, 给出了弯曲振动薄圆盘的集中参数: 等效质量和等效弹性系数, 得到了共振频率方程, 并用ATILA软件模拟了其振动分布情况, 可以看出解析结果与数值结果趋于一致. 最后给出了分析复合振动系统时薄圆盘集中参数模型的等效电路. 本文的结果对弯曲振动复合换能器的设计提供了理论参考.     

利用等效电路模型快速分析加载集总元件的微型化频率选择表面

为了提高频率选择表面(FSS)设计优化速度, 利用等效电路方法对基于集总元件加载的微型化FSS结构进行了分析. 根据FSS物理结构建立了相应的等效电路模型, 通过ADS软件对全波分析曲线进行拟合提取了等效电路模型参数, 通过延长曲线范围增加极值点个数提高拟合参数精度. 利用所提取的等效电路参数计算了不同LC 参数下FSS的传输特性, 与全波分析精确结果相对比, 电路模型计算的透过率略高, 中心频点及-3 dB带宽与全波分析结果的相对误差均小于10%. 证明了利用等效电路模型分析复杂FSS结构的可行性, 为FSS设计和快速优化提供了参考. 关键词： 频率选择表面 等效电路 集总元件     

Study on the step-type circular ring ultrasonic concentrator in radial vibration

In this paper, the plane radial vibration of an isotropic metal thin circular rings is studied and its equivalent circuit model is obtained. Based on the equivalent circuit model, the step-type circular ring concentrator consisting of two metal thin circular rings in radial vibration is analyzed. Its compound equivalent circuit is derived and the resonance frequency equation is obtained. The relationship between the resonance frequency, the radial displacement amplitude magnification and the geometrical dimensions is analyzed. The resonance frequency of the step-type radial concentrator is calculated based on the resonance frequency equation. For comparison, the resonance frequency of the step-type radial concentrator is also obtained by using numerical method. It is illustrated that the resonance frequencies from these two methods are in a good agreement with each other.     

Chodorow型耦合腔慢波结构色散特性和耦合阻抗理论分析

本文建立了Chodorow型耦合腔慢波结构的解析模型, 利用并矢格林函数结合矩量法求解了场匹配方程, 给出了色散方程和耦合阻抗的计算式, 并数值计算出一个X波段Chodorow型慢波结构的高频特性. 结果表明, 本文方法的色散特性以及耦合阻抗与仿真软件HFSS计算的结果有很好的一致性, 且计算效率更高, 同时精度远高于等效电路法, 对工程设计有好的参考价值. 关键词： Chodorow型耦合腔慢波结构 色散特性 耦合阻抗 场匹配     

Investigation of a Relativistic Magnetron Supplied from a High-Current Linear Induction Accelerator

The physical processes in a system relativistic microwave generator - power supply unit with a strong feedback are investigated. A computer model is constructed to calculate the output parameters of these systems substituted by equivalent circuits. A model is constructed for a linear induction accelerator based on magnetic elements intended for operation with relativistic magnetrons the nonlinear units of the equivalent circuit of which are calculated in the context of the theory of average motion.     

微型动态级联爆磁压缩发生器研究

为满足某强电磁脉冲辐射系统对轻小型脱离地面脉冲电源的应用需求,研究了一种微型动态级联爆磁压缩发生器。首先介绍了该发生器的结构参数,然后利用基于等效电路的数值计算模型对该发生器电路参数和输入输出电流进行了模拟计算,最后以蓄电池供电的初始能源为发生器提供初始种子电流,对发生器输出特性进行了爆轰实验。实验结果表明,发生器在1.44 μH电感负载上产生脉冲电流峰值达到49 kA,电流上升时间5.2 μs,能量放大约7.8倍。     

An equivalent circuit model of a novel photodetector

An equivalent circuit model of a novel photodetector (PD) is proposed in this article. We use this model to describe the relation between the bias voltage and current (I–V), also the bias voltage and capacitance(C–V) of this kind of novel PD. The circuit model could optimize the structure of the circuit and could be linked with the readout circuit. According to the comparison between the simulation result and the experimental result by circuit testing, we could find they are in good agreement, which proving the correctness of the equivalent circuit model. The signification of this equivalent circuit model is to design an optimal readout circuit (ROIC) for the novel PD.     

Modeling of a millimeter wave planar Schottky diode using both improved equivalent circuit model and 3D-EM model

In this paper, a planar Schottky varistor diode is studied and modeled by equivalent circuit method and three dimensional full wave electromagnetic (3D-EM) method, respectively. The diode's equivalent circuit is extracted from millimeter-wave small-signal S-parameter measurements. Since the package of the diode influences the electromagnetic field distribution at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths, a 3D-EM model and an improved equivalent circuit model is applied to describe the field precisely. The simulated results of equivalent circuit, improved equivalent circuit and 3D-EM model are compared with the measured results. In addition, the effects caused by silver paste conductive adhesive are considered in 3D-EM model and improved equivalent circuit model. The results show that both the 3D-EM model and improved equivalent circuit model have good S-parameter consistency with measured results.     

多阶平衡式Cockcroft-Walton电路的等效模型与输出特性

基于电路的输出效果,采用电荷转移原理阐述平衡式Cockcroft-Walton(C-W)倍压电路较为复杂的物理过程,将电路中二极管的非线性导通特性等效为周期性线性导通的数学解析模型,推导了表征其输出特性的纹波电压和带载输出电压的理论输出表达式。采用仿真软件对比了基本式和平衡式C-W电路的输出特性曲线,结果表明平衡式拓扑结构的纹波大小约为基本式拓扑结构的8%。同时建立的多阶平衡式C-W电路纹波电压理论模型计算值略低于电路软件仿真值,带载输出电压的理论模型计算值与仿真值的相对误差低于10%。     

二维振动方向变换器的耦合振动及其等效电路

二维振动方向变换器集功率合成和二维超声输出的功能于一体,在功率超声技术中具有重要的应用价值。然而,对于二维振动方向变换器的设计分析只有一种较为复杂的波动方程法。为此,本文研究了二维振动方向变换器的另外一种简明的设计分析方法——等效电路法。通过引入二维机械耦合系数和纵向力转换系数,利用力电类比原理建立了二维振动方向变换器的同相及反相二维耦合振动的统一等效电路模型。利用本文提出的设计方法,计算了两种不同材料的二维振动方向变换器的谐振频率,与有限元计算结果及实验测试结果一致,为该类超声振动系统的工程应用提供了一种简洁直观的设计分析方法。      

A method to select the optimal equivalent electrical circuit applied to study corrosion system of composite coating on magnesium alloy

Mg-Al layered double hydroxides/micro-arc oxidation (Mg-Al LDHs/MAO) composite coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy is fabricated by hydrothermal treatment. Corrosion system is described by ideal equivalent circuit, in which each layer or interface is regarded as the corresponding electronic component. The optimal equivalent circuit is determined by the minimum total error area of electrical parameters. Error areas of phase angle and modulus for experimental and fitting data are calculated for the selected four different kinds of circuit models such as EC1, EC2, EC3 and EC4. The results show that circuit model EC2 is the best because its total error is 1/2, 2/19 and 1/15 of error values for other three kinds of circuit models, respectively. This work reveals that the optimal equivalent electrical circuit can well reflect corrosion system of Mg-Al LDHs/MAO composite coating with the help of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Dynamic analytical model for charge transport in octithiophene thin film transistors

In this paper, we develop a device model of an organic thin film transistor (OTFTs) in which the active layers are made of octithiophene. This model is based on variable range hopping theory, i.e., a carrier may either hop over a small distance with a high activation energy or hop over a long distance with a low activation energy. The model takes into account all the operating regimes in direct current and transient mode; the transistor symmetry is also considered. The model has been developed using a physical basis where the model parameters can easily be extracted. The current–voltage characteristics of short-channel organic TFTs have been calculated starting from the solution of the drain current equation for an enhancement mode p-channel MOSFET. A good agreement between theory model and experimental results is obtained. Different transport parameters are extracted by using a fitting method. We have extracted the mobility of charge in saturation regime using differential method. Based on first and second derivative of transfer characteristic we extracted a serial resistance, intrinsic mobility and threshold voltage. The mobility in saturation regime is reproduced using the VRH model. Finally, we give a simple small-signal equivalent circuit.     

Thermoelastic damping in torsion microresonators with coupling effect between torsion and bending

Predicting thermoelastic damping (TED) is crucial in the design of high Q MEMS resonators. In the past, there have been few works on analytical modeling of thermoelastic damping in torsion microresonators. This could be related to the assumption of pure torsional mode for the supporting beams in the torsion devices. The pure torsional modes of rectangular supporting beams involve no local volume change, and therefore, they do not suffer any thermoelastic loss. However, the coupled motion of torsion and bending usually exists in the torsion microresonator when it is not excited by pure torque. The bending component of the coupled motion causes flexural vibrations of supporting beams which may result in significant thermoelastic damping for the microresonator. This paper presents an analytical model for thermoelastic damping in torsion microresonators with the coupling effect between torsion and bending. The theory derives a dynamic model for torsion microresonators considering the coupling effect, and approximates the thermoelastic damping by assuming the energy loss to occur only in supporting beams of flexural vibrations. The thermoelastic damping obtained by the present model is compared to the measured internal friction of single paddle oscillators. It is found that thermoelastic damping contributes significantly to internal friction for the case of the higher modes at room temperature. The present model is validated by comparing its results with the finite-element method (FEM) solutions. The effects of structural dimensions and other parameters on thermoelastic damping are investigated for the representative case of torsion microresonators.     

Analytical Modeling of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Interconnects Using the Energy Based Approach

Simple formulae for calculating circuit parameters of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) interconnects are obtained using the energy based approach. The energy based approach results in a new consistent equivalent transmission line model that exhibits power equivalence to the original MIS waveguide. This new model has solid physical foundation and is valid for a wide range of frequency and impurity doping rate. At the quasi-TEM limit, this new model reduces to the existing model that was obtained using the contour integral based approach.     

折叠型平板Blumlein线的特征阻抗

 计算了折叠型平板Blumlein线平板部分的特征阻抗;对折叠部分的特征阻抗,采用基于单位长度电感和电容概念的方法进行了理论分析,并基于等效能量概念进行了数值计算,两种方法计算得到的特征阻抗值基本一致,而且与平板部分的阻抗值相差不大。使用电磁场模拟软件计算模拟了不同折叠内半径的折叠部分的电场分布,从而确定了最佳折叠半径;采用等效电路分析方法对匹配负载上得到的电压电流波形进行了模拟。设计并制作了折叠半径为10 mm,耐压500 kV,延时100 ns,特征阻抗为4.773 Ω的折叠型平板Blumlein线。在二极管匹配负载上得到幅值为500 kV,脉宽100 ns的电压波形和幅值为50 kA的实验电流波形。结果表明平板部分和折叠部分的特征阻抗的差值对实验波形几乎没有影响。     

Theoretical and experimental study of photoacoustic and electron-acoustic effects in solids with internal stresses

Results of a theoretical and experimental study of photoacoustic and electron-acoustic effects in solids with internal stresses are presented. In the theoretical part, an approach to describing these effects on the basis of a generalized concept of thermoelastic energy of a solid with internal stresses and the nonlinear Murnaghan model for the elastic part of its energy is developed. The results of studying objects with internal stresses in the context of an integrated experimental approach incorporating the techniques of photodeflection and thermal-wave and photoacoustic microscopy with piezoelectric recording of the signal are reported. It is shown that a similar approach allows one to detect the arrangement of the strained surface areas of the object and to evaluate the extent to which its thermal and thermoelastic parameters are affected by internal stresses. The results of applying this approach to a study of Vickers indentations in silicon nitride ceramics are reported.