Invariant solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations

We examine certain invariant solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. We prove theorems concerning the existence of solutions of boundary-value problems of the corresponding S/H systems.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 6, pp. 56–64, November–December, 1972.In conclusion the author thanks V. V. Pukhnachev for a discussion of the results and for his advice.     

Invariant discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in boundary fitted co-ordinates

The discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation on boundary-fitted curvilinear grids is considered. The discretization is based on a staggered grid arrangement and the Navier-;Stokes equations in tensor formulation including Christoffel symbols. It is shown that discretization accuracy is much enhanced by choosing the velocity variables in a special way. The time-dependent equations are solved by a pressure-correction method in combination with a GMRES method. Special attention is paid to the discretization of several types of boundary conditions. It is shown that fairly non-smooth grids may be used using our approach.     

Global attractors for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper we show that the weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations on any bounded, smooth three-dimensional domain have a global attractor for any positive value of the viscosity. The proof of this result, which bypasses the two issues of the possible nonuniqueness of the weak solutions and the possible lack of global regularity of the strong solutions, is based on a new point of view for the construction of the semiflow generated by these equations. We also show that, under added assumptions, this global attractor consists entirely of strong solutions.     

Nonlinear corrector for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations

The scope of this paper is to present a nonlinear error estimation and correction for Navier-Stokes and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. This nonlinear corrector enables better solution or functional output predictions at fixed mesh complexity and can be considered in a mesh adaptation process. After solving the problem at hand, a corrected solution is obtained by solving again the problem with an added source term. This source term is deduced from the evaluation of the residual of the numerical solution interpolated on the h/2 mesh. To avoid the generation of the h/2 mesh (which is prohibitive for realistic applications), the residual at each vertex is computed by local refinement only in the neighborhood of the considered vertex. One of the main feature of this approach is that it automatically takes into account all the properties of the considered numerical method. The numerical examples point out that it successfully improves solution predictions and yields a sharp estimate of the numerical error. Moreover, we demonstrate the superiority of the nonlinear corrector with respect to linear corrector that can be found in the literature.     

A multigrid solver for the vorticity-velocity Navier-Stokes equations

This paper provides a multigrid incremental line-Gauss-Seidel method for solving the steady Navier-Stokes equations in two and three dimensions expressed in terms of the vorticity and velocity variables. The system of parabolic and Poisson equations governing the scalar components of the vector unknowns is solved using centred finite differences on a non-staggered grid. Numerical results for the two-dimensional driven cavity problem indicate that the spatial discretization of the equation defining the value of the vorticity on the boundary is extremely critical to obtaining accurate solutions. In fact, a standard one-sided three-point second-order-accurate approximation produces very inaccurate results for moderate-to-high values of the Reynolds number unless an exceedingly fine mesh is employed. On the other hand, a compact two-point second-order-accurate discretization is found to be always satisfactory and provides accurate solutions for Reynolds number up to 3200, a target impossible heretofore using this formulation and a non-staggered grid.     

On the smallest scale for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

We prove that, for solutions to the two- and three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, the minimum scale is inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number based on the kinematic viscosity and the maximum of the velocity gradients. The bounds on the velocity gradients can be obtained for two-dimensional flows, but have to be assumed in three dimensions. Numerical results in two dimensions are given which illustrate and substantiate the features of the proof. Implications of the minimum scale result, to the decay rate of the energy spectrum are discussed.Research was supported in part by the National Acronautics and Space Administration under NASA Contract No. NAS1-18107, while the second author was in residence at the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-8312264 and the Office of Naval Research under Contract N-00014-83-K-0422.     

Dimensions of attractors for discretizations for Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, we discretize the 2-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the periodic boundary condition by the finite difference method. We prove that with a shift for discretization, the global solutions exist. After proving some discrete Sobolev inequalities in the sense of finite differences, we prove the existence of the global attractors of the discretized system, and we estimate the upper bounds for the Hausdorff and the fractal dimensions of the attractors. These bounds are indepent of the mesh sizes and are considerably close to those of the continuous version.     

A deterministic vortex method for solving the Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a new 2-D vortex method is developed, which treats the vorticity diffusion in a deterministical way. The Laplacian operator, which describes vorticity diffusion, is approximated by a contour integral. The numerical results of two model problems show that this method has a good accuracy. A primary error estimation is given, and the self-adaptive vortex blob and the boundary conditions are discussed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

On pressure boundary conditions for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

The pressure is a somewhat mysterious quantity in incompressible flows. It is not a thermodynamic variable as there is no ‘equation of state’ for an incompressible fluid. It is in one sense a mathematical artefact—a Lagrange multiplier that constrains the velocity field to remain divergence-free; i.e., incompressible—yet its gradient is a relevant physical quantity: a force per unit volume. It propagates at infinite speed in order to keep the flow always and everywhere incompressible; i.e., it is always in equilibrium with a time-varying divergence-free velocity field. It is also often difficult and/or expensive to compute. While the pressure is perfectly well-defined (at least up to an arbitrary additive constant) by the governing equations describing the conservation of mass and momentum, it is (ironically) less so when more directly expressed in terms of a Poisson equation that is both derivable from the original conservation equations and used (or misused) to replace the mass conservation equation. This is because in this latter form it is also necessary to address directly the subject of pressure boundary conditions, whose proper specification is crucial (in many ways) and forms the basis of this work. Herein we show that the same principles of mass and momentum conservation, combined with a continuity argument, lead to the correct boundary conditions for the pressure Poisson equation: viz., a Neumann condition that is derived simply by applying the normal component of the momentum equation at the boundary. It usually follows, but is not so crucial, that the tangential momentum equation is also satisfied at the boundary.     

Iterative solution techniques for the stokes and Navier-Stokes equations

The linear system arising from a Lagrange-Galerkin mixed finite element approximation of the Navier–Stokes and continuity equations is symmetric indefinite and has the same block structure as a system arising from a mixed finite element discretization of a Stokes problem. This paper considers the iterative solution of such a system, comparing the performance of the one-level preconditioned conjugate residual method for indefinite matrices with that of a more traditional two-level pressure correction approach. Asymptotic estimates for the amount of work involved in each method are given together with the results of related numerical experiments.     

New lattice Boltzmann model for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations

We have developed a fundamentally new type of simple lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations based on the kinetic system proposed by Sone. The model uses the kinetic equation of free-molecular type in the streaming process and modifies the distribution function to its Chapman-Enskog type at each time step. Compared with the current LB models, the proposed model is superior in the following two points: (i) there are no inherent errors associated with the Knudsen number; (ii) any flow parameters, including three transport coefficients, can be chosen freely according to our convenience. Numerical tests and error estimates confirm the above statements.     

Preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

A robust technique for solving primitive variable formulations of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is to use Newton iteration for the fully implicit non-linear equations. A direct sparse matrix method can be used to solve the Jacobian but is costly for large problems; an alternative is to use an iterative matrix method. This paper investigates effective ways of using a conjugate-gradient-type method with an incomplete LU factorization preconditioner for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow problems. Special attention is paid to the ordering of unknowns, with emphasis on a minimum updating matrix (MUM) ordering. Numerical results are given for several test problems.     

Regularity for the stationary Navier-Stokes equations in bounded domain

Let u, p be a weak solution of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain ^N, 5N . If u, p satisfy the additional conditions

Discontinuous solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flow

We prove local existence and study properties of discontinuous solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for one-dimensional, compressible, nonisentropic flow. We assume that, modulo a step function, the initial data is in L² and the initial velocity and density are in the space BV. We show that the velocity and the temperature become smoothed out in positive time, and that discontinuities in the density, pressure, and gradients of the velocity and temperature persist for all time. We also show that for stable gases these discontinuities decay exponentially in time, more rapidly for smaller viscosities.     

Nonlinear Galerkin method for the exterior nonstationary Navier-Stokes equations

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬｅｔΩｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｚｅｒｏｐｏｉｎｔｂｅａｓｉｍｐｌｙ＿ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄｂｏｕｎｄｅｄｏｐｅｎｓｅｔｏｆＲ2 ｗｉｔｈｓｍｏｏｔｈｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙΓａｎｄｌｅｔΩ′ｄｅｎｏｔｅｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｏｆΩ ∪Γ .ＴｈｅｅｘｔｅｒｉｏｒｎｏｎｓｔａｔｉｏｎａｒｙＮａｖｉｅｒ＿ＳｔｏｋｅｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｆｏｒａｆｌｕｉｄｏｃｃｕｐｙｉｎｇΩ′ｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｉｎｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ ｕ(ｘ,ｔ)ｏｆｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄａｎｄｉｔｓｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｐ(ｘ ,…     

Smallest scale estimates for the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids

We consider solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluids in two and three space dimensions. We obtain improved estimates, in the limit of vanishing viscosity, for the Fourier coefficients. The coefficients decay exponentially fast for wave numbers larger than the square root of the maximum of the velocity gradients divided by the square root of the viscosity. This defines the minimum scale, the size of the smallest feature in the flow.The work of Kreiss was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-8312264 and Office of Naval Research under Contract N-00014-83-K-0422.     

An implicit-explicit upwind algorithm for the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper, a second-order implicit-explicit upwind algorithm has been developed for three-dimensional Parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) equations. The agreement between the results of the new upwind algorithm and those of the implicit upwind algorithm and its ability in marching a long distance along the streamwise direction have been shown for the supersonic viscous flow past a sphere-cone body. The CPU time is greatly reduced. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Some unsteady exact pseudo-plane solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations

Unsteady pseudo-plane and plane motions for Navier-Stokes equations have been studied, which are generalized Beltrami flows, related to separable stream functions. All the pseudo-plane motions of the first kind of such a type, a wide class of plane universal solutions, which seems to be new, and a class of pseudo-plane motions of the second kind, dependent on an arbitrary function of time, with a primitive steady plane solution which is the celebrated Kelvin's cat's eye vortices are formed.

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Sommario Si studiano moti non stazionari pseudopiani e piani dell'equazioni di Navier Stokes. Questi moti sono flussi generalizzati di Beltrami con una particolare dipendenza della funzioni di corrente dalle coordinate spaziali in modo separato. Nell'ambito di questa famiglia di flussi vengono esplicitamente trovati tutti i moti pseudopiani di primo tipo e vengono anche individuate un'ampia classe di soluzioni universali piane e una classe di moti pseudopiani del secondo tipo che possiedono come flussoprimitivo i famosi vortici adocchi di gatto di Kelvin.

     

Implementation of the Lagrange-Galerkin method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

This paper is concerned with the implementation of Lagrange-Galerkin finite element methods for the Navier-Stokes equations. A scheme is developed to efficiently handle unstructed meshes with local refinement, using a quad-tree-based algorithm for the geometric search. Several difficulties that arise in the construction of the right-hand side are discussed in detail and some useful tricks are proposed. The resulting method is tested on the lid-driven square cavity and the vortex shedding behind a rectangular cylinder and is found to give satisfactory agreement with previous works. A detailed analysis of the effect of time discretization is included.