表面活性剂控制的硒纳米线的室温生长

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为形貌导向剂,利用Na₂Se在室温碱性水溶液中的自发氧化,成功制备了Se纳米线。用TEM、SEM、EDX、XRD、HRTEM、SEAD等手段表征了Se纳米线的组成和结构。结果表明,合成的Se纳米线是沿六方相Se的[001]轴方向生长,具有良好的晶型结构。使用TEM对不同时间Se纳米结构的生长过程的形貌进行了跟踪,探讨了Se纳米线的形成机理,发现其形成与生长过程符合“solid-solution-solid”机理。同时,选择了具有特异官能团(如-OH,-COOH,-CONH₂)的3种表面活性剂,研究它们在纳米硒的取向性生长中的导向作用,只有SDS能引导合成出高质量的Se纳米线。     

BaCO3单晶纳米线的制备和表征

本文以有机钛偶合体胶束作模板剂，采用溶剂热技术，成功制备了单晶碳酸钡纳米线，并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、能量损失谱(EDX)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)对纳米线进行了表征。碳酸钡纳米线呈均匀的直线形，直径为25～60nm，长度达到十几微米。并对BaCO₃纳米线的形成机理进行了浅析。     

PVP存在下液液界面生长法制备硒纳米线(英)

0IntroductionSelenium(Se)iswellknownforitsphotoelectri鄄calandsemiconductorpropertiesandhasbeensuc鄄cessfullyusedinsolarcells,rectifiers,photographicexposuremetersandxerography[1].Itcouldbeexpect鄄edthattheuniquestructureandthequalityofone鄄di鄄mensional(     

单晶Ni纳米线阵列的制备与磁性能

采用恒电流沉积方法, 在多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板中制备出了具有单晶结构的Ni纳米线阵列. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术对制备的Ni纳米线阵列的形貌及结构进行了表征. 利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对单晶Ni纳米线阵列的磁性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 单晶镍纳米线阵列的易磁化方向为纳米线轴向, 并且与多晶纳米线相比显示出了更高的矫顽力. 直径为30 nm的纳米线具有较高的矫顽力(8.236×104 A/m)和较高的剩磁比(Mr＝0.94Ms).     

利用Pd催化合成单晶GaN纳米线的光学特性(英文)

基于金属元素钯具有的催化特性,采用射频磁控溅射方法,在Si(111)衬底上沉积Pd:Ga2O3薄膜,然后在950℃下对薄膜进行氨化,制备出大量GaN纳米线.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等技术手段对样品的结构、形貌和成分进行分析.结果表明,制备的样品为具有六方纤锌矿结构的单晶GaN纳米线,直径在20-60nm范围内,长度为几十微米,表面光滑无杂质,结晶质量较高.用光致发光光谱对样品的发光特性进行测试,分别在361.1、388.6和426.3nm处出现三个发光峰,且与GaN体材料相比近带边紫外发光峰发生了较弱的蓝移.对GaN纳米线的生长机制也进行了简单的讨论.     

单根ZnO纳米线的室温气敏特性

利用改进的CVD法制备了(002)面取向生长的ZnO纳米线, 通过光刻/剥离的自下而上的组装技术制备了基于单根ZnO纳米线的气敏元件, 其中的ZnO纳米线直径为50-300 nm, 有效长度为2-10 μm. 测试表明在室温条件下, 元件对浓度为500 μL·L-1的氧气和乙醇的灵敏度可以分别达到1.3 和1.2, 而气敏响应时间分别为10 和5 s, 由于单根纳米线的一维小尺寸结构加剧了电流的自加热效应, 因此元件在外界环境为室温的条件下的灵敏度才略有提高.     

大面积Bi单晶纳米线阵列的制备

在有序的氧化铝模板(AAO)的孔洞中, 采用电化学沉积工艺成功地制备了准金属Bi纳米线有序阵列. 使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征. XRD结果表明, 所制备的铋样品为六方相, 且沿[110]方向有很好的生长取向; FE-SEM图片清晰地说明铋纳米线阵列是大面积、填充率高和高度有序的; TEM的结果显示纳米线直径均匀、表面光滑且长径比大; HRTEM图片中清晰的晶格条纹和选区电子衍射(SAED)结果表明纳米线是单晶.     

Mg掺杂GaN纳米线的结构及其特性

利用类似Delta掺杂技术在硅衬底上沉积Mg:Ga2O3薄膜, 然后在850 ℃下对薄膜进行氨化, 反应后制备出大量Mg掺杂GaN纳米线. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对样品进行分析.结果表明, Mg掺杂GaN纳米线具有六方纤锌矿单晶结构, 纳米线的直径在30-50 nm范围内, 长度为几十微米.     

六方相ZnS单晶纳米线束的合成及其光学性质研究

利用丙烯酸和丙烯酸锌的共聚物作为前驱体，硫脲作为硫源，在溶剂热条件下于170 ℃反应96 h得到了ZnS纳米线束。透射电子显微镜(TEM)，选区电子衍射(SAED)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)测试表明这些线束是由单晶纳米线组装而成。该纳米结构具有很好的光学性质。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结果证明纳米线被聚合物包裹。此外，对纳米线束的生长机理进行了简要讨论。     

Easy Room Temperature Synthesis of High Surface Area Anatase Nanowires with Different Morphologies

Anatase nanowires were synthesized in solution by using a simple mixing of titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate), lactic acid and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. We discuss effects of reaction parameters and post treatment (annealing) on the nanowire morphology, surface area, and crystallinity, as well as the competing morphology directing effects of lactic acid and sodium hydroxide. Then the room temperature nanowires were directly grown onto fluoride doped tin oxide (FTO) glass to form photoanodes. Photoelectrochemical measurements of the different nanowires were performed and compared to conventional nanowires produced by high temperature synthesis. Clearly the nanowires introduced in this work show a significant increase in the maximum photocurrent, compared to classic hydrothermal nanowire layers.     

醇热法合成单晶银纳米线及其表征

以硝酸银为前驱物, 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)为结构导向剂, 通过醇热法, 反应温度为140 ℃, 反应时间为24 h的条件下制备了银纳米线. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TG)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和激光拉曼光谱(Raman)等手段对产物进行了系统表征, 结果表明: 所得银纳米线具有面心立方结构, 沿着(111)晶面生长, 具有单晶结构; 考察了反应温度和时间对产物形貌的影响, 结果表明: 反应温度和时间在形成银纳米线的过程中起着关键的作用; 银纳米线具有较强的表面增强拉曼散射效应; 同时提出了银纳米线可能的晶化机理.     

Low‐Temperature,Rapid Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid and Sodium Acrylate in Water

Regulating the aqueous polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) is a major opportunity for future materials design, requiring the development of scalable, industry‐oriented procedures that afford modest molar mass and dispersity control without long reaction times and environmentally demanding conditions. To address these challenges, this report presents the rapid copolymerization of aqueous mixtures of AA and sodium acrylate using an inexpensive and scalable protocol based on alkyl iodides/sodium iodide as mediators in water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1414–1419     

利用室温固态反应制备球霰石型CaCO3粒子

合成形态、大小及结构可人为调控的无机材料是现代材料科学的重要研究方向[1]. 借助于各类有机添加剂及模板剂的调控作用, 可利用溶液合成方法制备出形貌与结构受到有效调控的无机粒子[2,3]. 室温固态化学反应已被成功地应用于多种无机纳米粒子[4]及纳米线[5]的合成, 并显示出高效、节能、无污染和操作简便等优点, 因而在材料合成领域具有应用前景[6].     

软化学法低温合成银纳米线及其生长机制

以AgNO_3为起始物，采用DMF为溶剂和还原剂，无须采用晶种，在低温下 AgNO_3经DMF还原，通过软化学法合成了结构均匀的银纳米线，其直径为15-30nm， 长度高达20μm。通过引入乙酰丙酮，控制钛酸丁酯水解形成的多孔氧化物溶胶为 网络孔道结构，这种孔道结构为银纳米线的控制合成提供了有效的生长模板。     

Osmotic deswelling of weakly charged poly(acrylic acid) solutions and gels

The osmotic pressure of weakly charged aqueous poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) solutions and the swelling pressure PAA gels were studied by osmotic deswelling at different degrees of ionization (α). In solution, the osmotic pressure was found to scale linearly with concentration, whereas the scaling power of the swelling pressure of gels was higher (1.66). The effect of the ionization degree on the osmotic coefficient in PAA solutions was in agreement with the theory of Borue and Erukhimovich [Macromolecules, 21 , 3240 (1988)]. Ionization increases the swelling capacity of the PAA gels until a plateau is reached at about 35% neutralization. The concentration at equilibrium swelling scales as C_e ～ α^?0.6. The contribution of the network to the gel swelling pressure is evaluated by subtracting the osmotic pressure of the polymer solution at the same concentration and degree of ionization. In swollen gels the extended network opposes swelling. As the gel is osmotically deswelled, a state of zero network pressure exists at a certain concentration, below which the network elasticity favors swelling. The crossover concentration shifts to lower values as the degrees of ionization increases. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Preparation and Characterization of pH-sensitive Hydrogel Film of Chitosan/Poly(acrylic acid) Copolymer

A hydrogel film of chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) (CS/PAAc) copolymer with the property of pH sensitivity, was prepared by irradiating the chitosan film, which was then swelled by aqueous AAc solutions of different concentrations. The effects of the feed ratio of chitosan and AAc on the properties of the hydrogels, such as swelling ratio and pH-sensitivity, were determined. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was applied in the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode for analyzing the structure change of the hydrogels after the treatment in buffer solutions of different pHs.     

Self‐Template‐Directed Synthesis of Porous Perovskite Nanowires at Room Temperature for High‐Performance Visible‐Light Photodetectors

The unique optoelectronic properties and promising photovoltaic applications of organolead halide perovskites have driven the exploration of facile strategies to synthesize organometal halide perovskites and corresponding hybrid materials and devices. Currently, the preparation of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite nanowires, especially those with porous features, is still a great challenge. An efficient self‐template‐directed synthesis of high‐quality porous CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite nanowires in solution at room temperature using the Pb‐containing precursor nanowires as both the sacrificial template and the Pb²⁺ source in the presence of CH₃NH₃Br and HBr is now presented. The initial formation of CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ perovskite layers on the surface of the precursor nanowires and the following dissolution of the organic component of the latter led to the formation of mesopores and the preservation of the 1D morphology. Furthermore, the perovskite nanowires are potential materials for visible‐light photodetectors with high sensitivity and stability.