HArF和HNO二聚体相互作用氢键的理论研究

The hydrogen bonding interaction of 1:1 dimer formed between HNO and HArF molecule has been completely investigated in the present study using Second-order M?ller-Plesset Perturbation (MP2) method in conjunction with 6-311+G**, 6-311++G** and 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis sets. The standard and CP-corrected calculations have been employed to determine the equilibrium structures, the vibrational frequencies and interaction energies. The interaction energies of the dimers were also calculated at G2MP2 level. Two stable structures are found as the minima. Dimer I(H···F)is a five-membered cyclic hydrogen bonded structure and is more stable than the Dimer II(H···O). The blue-shifted N-H···F hydrogen bond is confirmed with standard and CP-corrected calculations by the MP2 and DFT methods in conjunction with different basis sets. The results obtained at MP2 in conjunction with different basis sets show there is a red-shifted hydrogen bond (Ar-H···O) in the Dimer II(H···O). The topological and electronic properties, the origin of red- and blue-shifted hydrogen bonds were investigated at MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) with CP corrected calculations. From the NBO analysis, the reasonable explanations for the red- and blue-shifted hydrogen bonds were proposed.     

吡咯与HX(X=F,Cl,Br)分子间多种氢键的电子密度拓扑研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)方法, 对吡咯与HX (X＝F, Cl, Br)形成的经典氢键和π型氢键, 从其几何参数、电子密度的拓扑性质和电子积分等方面进行了研究. 在对π型氢键的讨论中我们将π电子与σ电子分离, 得到了π型氢键体系的π电子的密度等值线和拉普拉斯量等值线图以及各原子的π电子积分, 形象地说明了π型氢键的作用本质.     

吡咯与一系列小分子之间的双氢键

采用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)水平上对以吡咯为质子供体的一系列双氢键体系进行了详细的研究. 采用AIM理论对双氢键体系进行了电子密度拓扑分析, 讨论了双氢键的成键特征和双氢键形成前后受体和供体H原子的积分净电荷、偶极矩、体积和能量的变化.     

HNO与（HF）1≤n≤3分子间的蓝移与红移氢键

运用量子化学从头算方法研究了HNO与分子簇(HF)1≤n≤3形成的蓝移与红移氢键.在这些体系中,F…H-N都是蓝移氢键,重极化与重杂化和分子内超共轭导敛了氰键的蓝移;所有的X…H-F(X=O,N,F)氢键都是红移的,分子问超共轭导致了氢键的红移.在多分子体系形成的氢键链中,分子问超共轭作用呈现规律性递变,它导致了氢键强度与频率位移的规律性变化,电子密度拓扑分析结果反映和支持了这种规律性变化.     

HNO与(HF)1≤n≤3分子间的蓝移与红移氢键

运用量子化学从头算方法研究了HNO与分子簇(HF)1≤n≤移氢键, 重极化与重杂化和分子内超共轭导致了氢键的蓝移; 所有的X…H—F(X=O, N, F)氢键都是红移的, 分子间超共轭导致了氢键的红移. 在多分子体系形成的氢键链中, 分子间超共轭作用呈现规律性递变, 它导致了氢键强度与频率位移的规律性变化, 电子密度拓扑分析结果反映和支持了这种规律性变化.     

BH4中性分子和离子结构的量子拓扑研究

采用密度泛函方法B3LYP和耦合簇方法CCSD分别在6-311+G(d,p)水平上对BH4+、BH4和BH4−的构型进行全优化, 并从量子拓扑学的角度对各稳定构型进行电子密度拓扑分析. 研究表明, BH4+、BH4和BH4−分别具有C2v、C2v和Td对称性. BH4+和BH4中都存在B—H键、H—H键和原子-分子键；而BH4−中存在着四个相同的B—H键；BH4中含有未成对电子, 其主要围绕B原子运动.     

分子间弱相互作用的计算——构建氢键、卤键势能面

介绍一个面向大三下学期本科生的计算化学实验。通过量子化学计算对比研究两种分子间弱相互作用——氢键和卤键的势能面,使学生对势能面的概念及两种弱相互作用的区别有一定的直观认识。通过实际上机操作,初步了解Gaussian、Gaussview及Origin等计算化学相关软件的使用,并深入理解结构化学及计算化学课程中所学的理论知识。     

B…HY/BrY(B=C4H4,C6H6,Y=F,Cl,Br)分子间作用的电子密度拓扑研究

运用MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ对B…HY氢键复合物和B…BrY卤键复合物(B=C4H14,CdH6,Y=F,Cl,Br)的几何构型及相互作用能进行了研究.研究发现对于相同的路易斯碱来说,B…HY和B…BrY的几何构型非常类似,B…BrY卤键键能大于B…HY氢键键能.电子密度拓扑分析表明C4H4(S)…BrY,C4H4(T).…BrF之间的卤键作用介于离子键和共价键之间,其余的氢键和卤键作用均为闭壳层相互作用.形成氢键和卤键后,卤化氢和双卤分子的原子积分性质都发生了变化,B…HY中H原子能量增加,而B…BrY中Br原子能量减少.     

吡啶与HCl和CHCl3形成分子间红移氢键和蓝移氢键的理论研究

采用量子化学从头算的MP2方法, 分别在6-31G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p)和AUG-cc-pVDZ基组下, 研究了复合物C5H5N…HCl(1), C5H5N…HCCl3(2)和C5H5N…HCCl3(3)的分子间氢键. 计算结果表明, 在复合物1中, HCl中Cl—H键伸长, 形成Cl—H…N红移氢键; 在复合物2中, HCCl3中C—H键伸长, 形成C—H…N 红移氢键; 在复合物3中, HCCl3中C—H键收缩, 形成C—H…π蓝移氢键. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, 影响氢键红移和氢键蓝移主要有3个因素: n(Y)→σ*(X—H)超共轭作用、X—H键轨道再杂化和质子供体电子密度重排. 其中, 超共轭作用属于键伸长效应, 电子密度重排和轨道再杂化属于键收缩效应. 在复合物1和2中, 由于键伸长效应处于优势地位导致形成红移氢键; 在复合物3中, 由于键收缩效应处于优势地位导致形成蓝移氢键.     

CH_3SH和CH_3SLi分子间的锂键和氢键共存型相互作用

在CH3SLi+CH3SH势能面上求得锂键和氢键共存型复合物的两种稳定构型.频率分析表明,与单体相比复合物中S(5)—Li(6)键伸缩振动频率发生红移,而C(8)—H(10)键伸缩振动频率发生蓝移.经B3LYP/6-311++G**,MP2/6-311++G**及MP2/AUG-CC-PVDZ水平计算的含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的复合物Ⅰ中相互作用能分别为-58.99,-57.87和-62.89kJ·mol-1.采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论,分析了复合物中单体轨道间的电荷转移,电子密度重排及其与相关键键长变化的本质等.采用分子中的原子(AIM)理论分析了复合物中氢键和锂键的电子密度拓扑性质.在极化连续模型(PCM)下,考察了溶剂化效应.结果表明,所考察的水、二甲亚砜、乙醇和乙醚等四种溶剂均使单体间的相互作用能增大,且溶剂对复合物中的锂键结构及其振动频率具有显著的影响,而对复合物中的氢键的振动频率影响不大.     

Inverse hydrogen bonds between SiH_4 and hydrides of Na,Mg and Be

The optimized geometries of the three complexes between MeHn (Me=Na,Mg,Be;n=1 or 2) and SiH4 have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++g**,MP2/6-311++g(3df,3pd) and MP2/aug-cc-pvtz levels,respectively.The red-shift inverse hydrogen bonds (IHBs) based on Si-H,an electron donor,were reported.The calculated binding energies with basis set super-position error (BSSE) correction of the three complexes are-5.98,-8.65 and-3.96 kJ mol-1 (MP2/6-311++g(3df,3pd)),respectively,which agree with the results obtained via M...     

Inverse hydrogen bonds between XeH2 and hydride and fluoride derivatives of Li, Be, Na and Mg

A theoretical study of the inverse hydrogen bonds complexes formed by the XeH₂ molecule and hydride and fluoride derivatives of Li, Be, Na and Mg has been carried out by means of DFT (B3LYP/DGDZVP) and ab initio [MP2/DGDZVP and MP2/LJ18/6-311++G(2d,2p)] calculations. The complexes obtained present interaction energies up to ?81 kJ/mol. The analysis of the electron density shows electron transfer from the XeH₂ to the electron acceptor molecules. The calculated absolute chemical shieldings show the high sensitivity of the xenon atom upon complexation.     

Theoretical study of the red‐ and blue‐shifted hydrogen bonds of nitroxyl and acetylene dimers

Ab initio molecular orbital and density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with different basis sets calculations were performed to study the C? H…O red‐shifted and N? H…π blue‐shifted hydrogen bonds in HNO? C₂H₂ dimers. The geometric structures, vibrational frequencies and interaction energies were calculated by both standard and counterpoise (CP)‐corrected methods. In addition, the G3B3 method was employed to calculate the interaction energies. The topological and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were investigated the origin of N? H…π blue‐shifted hydrogen bond. From the NBO analysis, the electron density decrease in the σ* (N? H) is due to the significant electron density redistribution effect. The blue shifts of the N? H stretching frequency are attributed to a cooperative effect between the rehybridization and electron density redistribution. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

The relationship between intramolecular hydrogen bonds and certain physical properties of regioselectively substituted cellulose derivatives

This article tries to provide some direct evidence about the relationship between the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose and their corresponding effect on physical properties. The formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds has been proved to contribute directly to certain physical properties of cellulose, such as its solubility in solvents having different polarities, the relative reactivities of the hydroxyls in a repeating unit and its crystallinity, using a 6-O-methylcellulose (6MC) film that was known¹ to have intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The excellent solubility of 6MC when compared with other cellulose derivatives indicated a lack of interchain hydrogen bonds. A comparison of the relative reactivities between the C-2 and C-3 position hydroxyls in 6MC also indicates that intramolecular hydrogen bonds once formed in 6MC films are possibly maintained even after dissolution in solvents. In addition, the poor crystallinity exhibited by 6MC supports the idea that crystallization in cellulosics may be dependent more upon preferencial interchain hydrogen bonding at the C-6 position hydroxyls than upon a uniform structure such as that found in 6MC, where every structural unit is completely and regioselectively substituted, distinguishing it from other synthetic polymers such as polyolefins and polyesters. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 35: 717–723, 1997     

Identification of hydrogen bonds using quantum electrodynamics

A method for the identification of hydrogen bonds was investigated from the viewpoint of the stress tensor density proposed by Tachibana and following other works in this field. Hydrogen bonds are known to exhibit common features with ionic and covalent bonds. In quantum electrodynamics, the covalent bond has been demonstrated to display a spindle structure of the stress tensor density. Importantly, this spindle structure is also seen in the hydrogen bond, although the covalency is considerably weaker than in a typical covalent bond. Distinguishing it from the ionic bond is most imperative for the identification of the hydrogen bond. In the present study, the directionality of the hydrogen bond is investigated as the ionic bond is nearly isotropic, while the hydrogen bond exhibits the directionality. It was demonstrated that the hydrogen bond can be distinguished from the ionic bond using the angle dependence of the largest eigenvalue of the stress tensor density.     

Problems of unusual hydrogen bonds between proton donors and transition metal hydrides and borohydrides

The results of experimental and theoretical studies of intermolecular MH...HX and BH...HX hydrogen bonds with the hydride hydrogen atom acting as a proton accepting site are analyzed. Spectral (IR and NMR) criteria for their formation are presented. The spectral, structural, and thermodynamic characteristics of these unusual hydrogen bonds obey the regularities found for classical hydrogen bonds. It was shown that the MH...HX bonds participate in the proton transfer with the formation of nonclassical cationic hydrides and the |M(η²-H₂|⁺ hydrogen bonds are formed in low-polarity media. Problems arising in this new line of investigations are discussed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 846–851, May, 1998.     

Conformations, energies, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in dicarboxylic acids: implications for the design of synthetic dicarboxylic acid receptors

The various conformers of the dicarboxylic acids HO2C--(CH2)n--CO2H, n = 1-4, were obtained using density functional methods (DFT), both in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase using a polarized continuum model (PCM). Several new conformers were identified, particularly for the two larger molecules glutaric (n = 3) and adipic acid (n =4). The PCM results show that the stability of most conformers were affected, many becoming unstable in the aqueous phase; and the energy ordering of conformers is also different. The results suggest that conformational preferences could be important in determining the design and stability of appropriate synthetic receptors for glutaric and adipic acid. Geometry changes between gas and aqueous phases were most marked in those conformers containing an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Additional calculations have probed the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these dicarboxylic acids. In the cases of glutaric and adipic acid, the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond were estimated to be around 28-29 kJ/mol, without any vibrational energy correction. The intramolecular hydrogen bond energies in malonic and succinic acid were also estimated from the calculated H-bond distances using an empirical relationship. Intramolecular H-bond redshifts of 170-250 cm(-1) have been estimated from the results of the harmonic frequency analyses.     

Neutral and ionic hydrogen bonding in Schiff bases

Low-temperature, high-resolution X-ray studies of charge distributions in the three Schiff bases, the dianil of 2-hydroxy-5-methylisophthaldehyde, 3,5-dinitro-N-salicylidenoethylamine and 3-nitro-N-salicylidenocyclohexylamine, have been carried out. These structures exhibit interesting weak interactions, including two extreme cases of intramolecular hydrogen bonds that are ionic N(+)-H...O- and neutral O-H...N in nature. These two types of hydrogen bond reflect differences in geometrical parameters and electron density distribution. At the level of geometry, the neutral O-H...N hydrogen bond is accompanied by an increase in the length of the C(1)-O(1) bond, opening of the ipso-C(1) angle, elongation of the aromatic C-C bonds, shortening of the C(7)-N(2) bond and increased length of the C(1)-C(7) bond, relative to the ionic hydrogen bond type. According to the geometrical and critical point parameters, the neutral O-H...N hydrogen bond seems to be stronger than the ionic ones. There are also differences between charge density parameters of the aromatic rings consistent with the neutral hydrogen bond being stronger than the ionic ones, with a concomitant reduction in the aromaticity of the ring. Compounds with the ionic hydrogen bonds show a larger double-bond character in the C-O bond than appears in the compound containing a neutral hydrogen bond; this suggests that the electronic structure of the former pair of compounds includes a contribution from a zwitterionic canonical form. Furthermore, in the case of ionic hydrogen bonds, the corresponding interaction lines appear to be curved in the vicinity of the hydrogen atoms. In the 3-nitro-N-salicylidenocyclohexylamine crystal there exists, in addition to the intramolecular hydrogen bond, a pair of intermolecular O...H interactions in a centrosymmetric dimer unit.