短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的挑战与对策

短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）工艺与传统生物脱氮工艺相比，具有能耗低、设备简单、污泥产率低等诸多优点，在污水脱氮领域备受关注。本文首先总结了PN/A工艺在实际应用中存在的一些挑战，比如，处理高C/N废水效果不佳、亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）抑制困难、启动缓慢等。然后，针对上述挑战，提出了一些PN/A工艺的改进措施。可使用多种预处理技术来降低废水有机物含量，以减弱高C/N比废水的负面影响；根据NOB、厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）、氨氧化细菌（AOB）之间生长条件的差异，通过调控温度、pH、溶解氧等环境条件或添加抑制剂来抑制NOB的生长。接着，总结了PN/A工艺快速启动的方法，即通过添加化学物质、物理场、外加AnAOB种泥，并给予AnAOB最佳生长条件等方法，实现PN/A工艺的快速启动。最后，展望了PN/A工艺未来有待深入研究的方向。     

Achieving the nitrite pathway using FA inhibition and process control in UASB-SBR system removing nitrogen from landfill leachate

An up-flow sludge blanket(UASB) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) system was introduced to remove organics and nitrogen from landfill leachate.The synergetic effect of free ammonia(FA) inhibition and process control was used to achieve the nitrite pathway in the SBR.In previous research,inhibition of FA on nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB) activity has been revealed and the process control parameters(DO,ORP and pH) exactly indicate the end-point of nitritation.The method was implemented in the SBR achieving s...