双子表面活性剂修饰金纳米流体的制备及稳定性

以双子表面活性剂丁烷-1,4(N-十四烷基-N,N-二甲基)溴化铵为表面修饰剂,石油醚/正丁醇为溶剂,抗坏血酸为还原剂,在不同温度条件下一步法分别得到油基-金纳米流体和水基-金纳米流体.对纳米流体中悬浮纳米金属颗粒的形貌、粒径、光谱性质等进行了表征.结果表明,p H=7~8的冰水浴条件下制得的纳米金颗粒具有亲油性,粒径均一且分散稳定性较好.采用紫外光谱法分别考察了极性有机溶剂和热作用对油基-金纳米流体稳定性的影响.结果表明,极性有机溶剂添加量超过30%(体积分数)时,对纳米流体稳定性的影响显著;随着热处理温度的升高,纳米流体中分散的纳米金颗粒的稳定时间逐渐缩短.     

金纳米粒子的表面修饰及生物应用进展

近年来纳米材料被广泛应用于生物医学、航空航天和精细化工等领域。构成纳米材料的纳米粒子具有小尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应等性质。其中金纳米粒子由于其独特的荧光特性、良好的生物相容性和表面等离子共振等性质,被广大科研人员进行深入研究。例如,在生物医学领域,科研人员构建了一系列新型的金纳米比色传感器、光学探针及各类载药体系等。然而,目前金纳米粒子仍存在水分散性差、肾清除效率低和量子发射产率低等问题,限制了其广泛应用。因此,研究人员对金纳米粒子表面进行多样化修饰,从而能有效克服上述缺点。本文就目前主流配体表面修饰金纳米粒子的研究进展进行了详细总结,着重介绍了功能化金纳米粒子在生物成像、生物检测、生物治疗三方面的应用,最后对金纳米粒子的临床治疗机制的探索以及商业化的应用进行了展望,希望能为相关领域的研究者们提供新思路。     

不同链长表面活性剂修饰的金纳米颗粒的制备、稳定性及二维排列

采用反胶束的方法, 制备了C₁₀NH₂, C₁₂NH₂, C₁₆NH₂, C₁₈NH₂不同链长脂肪胺修饰的金纳米颗粒; 利用UV-Vis吸收光谱, LB膜等研究了其稳定性和二维排列; 同时对链长和颗粒分布等因素对有序排列的影响进行了探讨. 实验表明, 表面活性剂的碳链越长, 制备的纳米金颗粒越稳定, 其二维排列越有序.     

聚吡咯纳米球负载金纳米粒子的制备及其性能研究

在水溶液中以表面活性剂F127形成的胶束为模板制备聚吡咯纳米球,考察了温度、吡咯浓度、pH等因素对聚吡咯纳米球形貌的影响,提出F127体系中聚吡咯纳米球的形成机理。利用聚吡咯与氯金酸之间的氧化还原活性,在聚吡咯纳米球表面成功负载金纳米粒子,研究温度和吡咯浓度对聚吡咯/金复合材料形貌的影响,运用透射电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、循环伏安等对其形貌、结构、性能进行研究。结果表明,所制得的负载金纳米粒子的聚吡咯复合材料具有明显的拉曼增强效应,可用于分析复合材料中聚合物的分子结构;此外该复合材料在酸性条件下具有较好的电化学稳定性,可应用于修饰电极。     

双子表面活性剂及其保护的纳米金作为缓冲添加剂用于毛细管电泳蛋白质分离

报道了使用阳离子双子表面活性剂作为毛细管电泳的缓冲添加剂用于同时分离酸性和碱性蛋白质.在酸性的缓冲条件下,只需要使用低浓度的阳离子双子表面活性剂（0.1mmol/L18-s-18）作为缓冲液的添加剂,就可以有效地抑制酸性和碱性蛋白质在毛细管壁的吸附,从而得到高效的蛋白质分离.实验表明,较小的胶束尺寸（如s=5～8）比大的胶束尺寸（如s〈4或〉10）能更有效地抑制酸性蛋白质的吸附.改变双子表面活性剂的中间基的长度能够对蛋白质的电泳淌度进行一定的调节,从而对分离的选择性进行一定的优化.在最优的实验条件下,蛋白质迁移时间的日内和日间标准偏差（RSD）分别小于0.8%和2.2%,回收率为79%到100.4%.另外,还考察了双子表面活性剂保护的金纳米颗粒用作毛细管电泳缓冲添加剂在蛋白质分离中的应用.实验表明,在缓冲液中加入纳米金能够缩短分析时间,并能小幅度地提高分离效率.最后,使用该方法分析了一系列复杂生物样品,包括血浆、红细胞和鸡蛋清样品,均得到了满意的结果.     

金纳米粒子表面能量转移法测定水中的铅离子

荧光素修饰的凝血酶适配体(5’-FAM-GGT TGG TGT GGT TGG-3’)可与Pb2+选择性地形成G-四链体,这一构象变化能改变作为能量供体的荧光染料和作为能量受体的金纳米粒子之间的距离,使体系的荧光强度与Pb2+浓度具有一定的相关性,从而建立了一种基于纳米材料表面能量转移灵敏检测水溶液中Pb2+的分析方法。研究表明,在Pb2+浓度为12.5~100 nmol/L范围内,荧光恢复效率(F/F0)与Pb2+浓度间呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为y=0.910+0.007c(R2=0.997),检出限为10 nmol/L。用本方法检测自来水中Pb2+,结果令人满意。     

基于纳米金粒子可视化分析检测的研究进展

基于纳米金粒子表面等离子共振性质发展起来的可视化分析,由于具有灵敏度高、可设计性强、分析过程快速等优点已被广泛地应用于各类目标分析物的检测,成为一种极具潜力的分析手段。本文综述了基于纳米金粒子表面等离子共振可视化分析检测的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于金纳米粒子的等离子体共振吸收测定阿莫西林

在pH=1.89的Britton-Robinson（BR）缓冲溶液中,阿莫西林与氯金酸反应生成金纳米粒子,在537和720 nm产生了特征等离子体共振吸收信号,其537 nm处的吸收强度与阿莫西林浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,据此建立了基于金纳米粒子的等离子体共振吸收测定阿莫西林的方法。 在优化条件下（pH=1.89,反应温度65 ℃,反应时间40 min）,测定阿莫西林的线性范围为2.0×10-6~3.6×10-5 mol/L,检出限为1.3×10-7 mol/L。 该方法用于合成样品中阿莫西林的测定,回收率在90.4%~103.2%之间,RSD小于4.6%,将所建立的方法用于2个厂家生产的阿莫西林胶囊中阿莫西林含量测定,并与HPLC法对比,结果满意。     

金纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振吸收光度法研究和分析应用

在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在下的水溶液中，基于金纳米粒子产生的表面等离子体共振吸收的原理，提出了一个分光光度方法。结果表明在524nm处的共振吸收强度与金质量浓度在2．4-120μg/mL范围内服从比尔定律。其线性回归方程为：c＝55．58A 0．78，相关系数为0．9998。方法适用于载金炭中的金分析。     

Cyclodextrin-functionalised gold nanoparticles via streptavidin: a supramolecular approach

Biofunctionalised nanoparticles (NPs) have received increased attention both for their potential use as drug carriers and imaging agents and for their applications in medical diagnostics. Functionalised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bring together their unique electronic and optical properties (including strong plasmon absorption bands and enhanced light scattering) with the specific capabilities of the functionalising biological molecule. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been used to functionalise NPs with different approaches. CDs are able to protect from physical, chemical and enzymatic degradation drugs that are included in their cavity. In this study, we report on a new supramolecular approach for the fabrication of CD-functionalised AuNPs. Particularly, we synthesised streptavidin (SA)-coated NPs modified with biotinylated β- and γ-CD, in order to exploit the interaction with SA.     

Water-dispersible nanoparticles via interdigitation of sodium dodecylsulphate molecules in octadecylamine-capped gold nanoparticles at a liquid-liquid interface

This paper describes the formation of water-dispersible gold nano-particles capped with a bilayer of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and octadecylamine (ODA) molecules. Vigorous shaking of abiphasic mixture consisting of ODA-capped gold nanoparticles in chloroform and SDS in water results in the rapid phase transfer of ODA-capped gold nanoparticles from the organic to the aqueous phase, the latter acquiring a pink, foam-like appearance in the process. Drying of the coloured aqueous phase results in the formation of a highly stable, reddish powder of gold nanoparticles that may be readily redispersed in water. The water-dispersible gold nanoparticles have been investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These studies indicate the presence of interdigitated bilayers consisting of an ODA primary monolayer directly coordinated to the gold nanoparticle surface and a secondary monolayer of SDS, this secondary monolayer providing sufficient hydrophilicity to facilitate gold nanoparticle transfer into water and rendering them water-dispersible. Dedicated to Professor C N R Rao on his 70th birthday     

Biofunctionalized silver and gold nanoparticles as potential curative agents

In this study, the bark of an important medicinal plant, Indigofera aspalathoides is utilized as a bioreductant for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The formation of nanoparticles was monitored, and the reaction parameters were optimized by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The attachment of biocomponents as stabilizer was proved employing Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) studies. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphology was found to be predominantly spherical and a mixture of triangle and hexagon in the case of AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. The crystallite size of AgNPs and AuNPs was affirmed through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies using Sherrer formula as 22.03 and 47.70 nm, respectively. DPPH method was adopted to analyse the free‐radical quenching ability, and the AgNPs, AuNPs and extract showed inhibition of 76%, 89% and 59% at a concentration of 200 μg ml^?1, and the corresponding IC₅₀ values were 86.49, 55.20 and 149.19 μg ml^?1. The binding of nanoparticles to calf‐thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) was through groove and the high binding constants (8.49 × 10⁶ M^?1 and 2.34 × 10⁷ M^?1 for AgNPs and AuNPs) point out the potential of these nanoparticles as curative drugs. The MTT assay showed that AgNPs were 100% toxic, and the low IC₅₀ value suggests that this can be used in the medicinal field as a safe drug.     

核酸修饰的金纳米粒子用于分光光度法检测卡那霉素

建立了一种基于核酸修饰的金纳米粒子(Au NPs)检测卡那霉素的方法。该方法利用卡那霉素与适配体的特异性结合,游离适配体的部分互补序列,诱导核酸修饰的Au NPs聚集。通过对实验条件进行优化,结果表明在25℃条件下,适配体与其部分互补序列杂交摩尔比为1:1,与目标卡那霉素的作用时间1 h,加入核酸修饰的Au NPs反应2 h时,该方法的线性检测范围为6.3~43.8 nmol/L,检测限为5.3 nmol/L。将该方法应用于牛奶样品中卡那霉素的检测,回收率在95.1%~104.6%之间。     

Ion pair binding functionalised gold nanoparticles

Pyridyl amide functionalised gold nanoparticles have been used to bind and sense simple anions and ion pairs by means of shifts in the intensity and wavelength of the nanoparticles' surface plasmon resonance absorption.

Amidopyridyl functionalised gold nanoparticles bind to both anions and cations.