氟-铁恒电位配位滴定法测定铁离子研究

以氟离子溶液作滴定剂,氟离子选择性电极作指示电极,在pH=1.5的条件下,对恒电位配位滴定法测定铁离子进行了研究。对pH=1.5的条件下使用氟离子选择性电极的可行性,氟-铁的反应速率及电极的响应速率进行了讨论。     

氟离子选择电极的修复

由于氟离子选择电极测氟较为成熟,各校的仪器分析实验都选此实验作为电位分析法的教学内容。在离子选择电极中,氟电极价格最昂贵,每支近200元,而使用寿命却不长(厂方规定为一年左右)。据了解,各校都有一批报废氟电极。笔者采用了一些简单修复方法,使我系实验室六支废旧氟电极获得再生,经修复的电极在     

论氟电极的空白电位值及其对测定结果的影响

论证了氟电极的洗涤和空白电位值的控制及其对测定结果的影响;提出了因氟电极空白电位值引起的稳定性和重现性差,线性范围变化及测定结果偏高,偏低甚至出现负值的解决方法。     

在酸性介质中用氟电极测定氟离子的新方法

基于弱酸根离子在不同酸度溶液中的化学平衡和离子选择电极的响应特征, 本文推导出了以氟电极为指示电极, 玻璃pH电极作参比在酸性介质中测定氟的新方法. 经验证： 当pH＜2时, 氟离子浓度在10^-2～10^-5 mol/L范围内, 电池电动势值与氟离子总量呈能斯特响应, 试液中少量铝的存在对测定不构成干扰. 用该法直接测定了酸蚀法铝型材废水中的氟, 加标回收率达96%～98%.     

盐酸氟桂嗪离子选择性电极的制备及应用

研制了盐酸氟桂嗪离子选择性电极。利用正交设计法综合研究了活性的类型、含量以及增塑剂等因素对ＰＶＣ膜电极响应性能的影响，结果表明，以盐酸氟桂嗪－四苯硼钠离子缔合物为活性物质，ＤＢＰ或ＤＯＰ为增塑剂制成的ＰＶＣ膜电极的性能最佳。其响应范围为１．０×１０＾－４－５．０×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，检测下限为３．５×１０＾５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，响应斜率为５８ｍＶ（２５℃）。应用该电极对合成样品及胶囊样品中盐酸氟桂嗪含量     

离子选择性电极非线性测定水中氟离子的含量

利用氟离子选择性电极测定系列氟离子标准溶液的电极电位(vs.SCE),用测得的电极电位值与氟离子标准溶液的浓度数据进行非线性工作曲线拟舍,可准确测定1×10~(-6)～1×10~(-5)moL/L氟离子溶液的浓度。该法易于实现氟离子溶液的自动连续监测,适于氟离子溶液浓度的在线测量。     

氟离子选择电极测定黄磷尾气中气态氟含量

采用NaOH溶液吸收黄磷尾气中气态氟,氟离子选择电极测定其氟含量。结果表明,电极电位与5~100.0μg/mL氟离子浓度的对数有良好的线性关系(R=0.99992)。相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.05%,平均回收率为98.70%~99.69%。该方法操作简便、干扰小、准确度高,分析成本低,适用于黄磷尾气中氟含量的测定。     

氟离子选择电极法在测试中应注意的问题

氟元素的测定方法主要有茜素酮比色法和氟离子选择电极法。前者使用试剂较多,但结果准确;后者具有结构简单牢固、灵敏度高、晌应速度快等优点而被广泛地应用。本文就氟离子选择电极法测试中应注意的问题进行归纳和总结。1　电极的响应极限氟离子选择电极在初次使用时,应首先测试其响应极限,由此可准确估计样品的最低检出限。氟离子选择电极的响应极限为0.05mg/L左右。若待测液中氟离子活度小于电极的响应极限,可使用标准加入法,克服因测试电位值与氟离子活度的对数不成线性关系造成的误差,满足分析测试的精密度和准确度。2　氟离子选择电极…     

防龋健齿口胶中微量氟的测定

采用氧瓶燃烧法，利用氟离子选择电极测定了茶叶及防龋健齿口胶中氟离子的含量，并做了回收率实验，实验证明，本法准确度高，回收率好，简便易行。     

宜昌茶叶的氟含量及氟浸出率的测定

利用氟离子选择电极,测定了湖北宜昌几种茶叶中的氟含量及氟的浸出率。结果表明,这几种茶叶氟含量在46．8—357．1μg／g之间,茶叶氟的浸出率在72．9％-80．1％之间,宜昌茶叶可作为一种安全的氟来源。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.