相位可控的核四极矩共振激励脉冲发生器设计

在核四极矩共振（NQR）领域,射频激励脉冲信号的优劣对NQR响应信号有重要影响.针对常规方法中射频激励脉冲参数不可控的问题,本文基于32位闪存微型控制器STM32和直接数字频率合成（DDS）芯片AD9910设计了一种相位可控激励脉冲发生器.采用STM32控制AD9910产生波形参数（脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、脉冲个数和共振频率等）可控的射频激励脉冲,利用LabVIEW软件平台设计脉冲参数设置界面,并建立计算机与微控制器通信,实现波形参数的精确优化控制.实验结果表明,该方法实现了相位可控的NQR激励脉冲序列,可为后续NQR信号检测提供有效激励源.     

基于FPGA的低场核磁共振谱仪脉冲编程器设计与实现

脉冲编程器在核磁共振(NMR) 谱仪中非常重要,具有产生脉冲序列所需的射频脉冲,控制回波信号的同步接收等功能. 基于FPGA的同步性能和时序控制功能,设计了低场NMR谱仪的脉冲编程器,可产生任意脉冲序列,实现脉冲频率、相位、幅度的灵活调节. 利用设计的脉冲编程器在0.540 Tesla均匀磁场下进行了CuSO₄溶液的T₁和T₂测量,得到高信噪比的NMR回波串.     

基于FPGA的核磁共振测井仪控制逻辑设计

核磁共振（NMR）测井仪以CPMG脉冲序列为测量基础,按照CPMG脉冲序列的时序要求完成大功率射频脉冲的发射和微弱回波信号的接收, 在脉冲发射完成后快速泄放天线中储存的能量. 该文介绍一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的NMR测井仪控制逻辑和典型脉冲序列,详细说明在CPMG脉冲序列下FPGA的工作时序和流程;讨论NMR测井仪发射电路、Q-转换电路和隔离电路的控制原理和时序要求,给出各电路的控制逻辑仿真结果;最后,利用所设计的控制逻辑和自制NMR测井仪探头,在实验室条件下对水溶液进行了测量,得到满意的结果.     

中子脉冲序列核信号相关和功率谱实时计算

 为解决基于PC机平台、高达1 GHz采样率下之相关计算和频谱分析对实时性要求的关键技术问题,针对中子脉冲序列核信号本身所具有的特殊的“0,1”结构特点,采用快速移动的方法,借助于内存管理及SSE优化设计,创建了优化频谱分析的流程,构造了高速、实时的相关计算和功率谱分析算法,实现了1 GHz采样率下的中子脉冲序列核信号的实时相关计算和频谱分析。性能测试结果表明,在计数率为3×106 s^-1,单个块（长度为1 024）时,研究的相关算法的计算时间为0.29 μs,相应的英特尔数学内核库的相关计算时间为129.95 μs。现场实际试验表明,该算法达到了对中子脉冲序列核信号进行相关计算和频谱分析的实时性要求。     

一种降低井下核磁共振振铃的新方法

核磁共振（NMR）测井仪在测量过程中,振铃噪声幅度一般很高,会影响回波信号的检测. 常用的交叉相位对脉冲序列（PAPS）虽然能有效地降低振铃影响,但由于振铃与频率有关,使PAPS叠加只能在同频率之间展开,大大降低了NMR测井的纵向分辨率. 利用回波信号和振铃噪声的相位特征,设计了一种脉冲序列,采用PAPS和回波间叠加相结合的方式降低振铃噪声. 研究表明,相对于PAPS技术,提高了测量效率,同时提高了回波串的信噪比和NMR测井的纵向分辨率.     

基于FPGA与DDS的磁共振成像射频脉冲发生器

设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)与直接数字频率合成(DDS)的磁共振成像(MRI)射频脉冲发生器,采用FPGA实现DDS,并内置软脉冲波形双端口随机存取存储器(RAM)、乘法器以及相关的控制逻辑.实现了较高的技术指标,其中频率、相位与幅度分辨率分别为32 bits、16 bits与16 bits,软脉冲波形的时间精度可达0.1?s.FPGA提供了一个可编程的接口,便于序列控制器对其进行控制,以输出射频脉冲.MRI实验结果证明了该设计的可行性.     

磁共振成像数字谱仪的射频发射/接收通道相位相干性的研究

讨论了一种在核磁共振成像数字谱仪中保证射频发射机与接收机之间射频信号相位相干的方法,该方法在成像脉冲序列执行过程中,同步切换发射机与接收机的频率,并在脉冲序列最后,将发射和接收频率恢复到脉冲序列最初的频率值,从而实现发射与接收的信号相干,其优点是无需加入额外的"回绕延时",从而使得脉冲序列的编写得到简化,并且该方法不依赖于磁共振谱仪发射机和接收机硬件部分的具体结构,是适用于数字化谱仪的一种普遍的方法.     

低场核磁共振仪器振铃抑制新方法及其电路实现

加快天线残余能量释放以减弱天线振铃信号有利于缩短低场核磁共振仪器的回波间隔（TE）,从而提高快弛豫组分的测量分辨率和信噪比（SNR）．而天线Q值对能量的发射效率和泄放速度起着相反的作用．为此,我们首先设计了一种新型Q转换电路,在保证发射效率的同时,可以大大缩短能量泄放时间．在此基础上,应用了一种优化的脉冲序列以弥补传统相位交替对脉冲序列（PAPs）不能消除90°脉冲振铃的缺陷,通过相位循环的方法进一步提高了信噪比．最后,在2 MHz岩心分析仪上测试了新型Q转换电路,当天线Q值降为发射期间的约1/5时,天线恢复时间由280.0 μs降为18.2 μs;而且,使用新型Q转换电路和优化的脉冲序列后,TE=60 μs时,可以有效获得快弛豫组分的T₂信号．     

14N核四极共振中自旋锁定的偏共振效应

用虚拟自旋-1/2算符理论计算了核四极共振自旋系统在自旋锁定脉冲序列作用下的时间演化,获得了自旋锁定信号随锁定脉冲长度和射频频率偏置的变化关系。如果不考虑准备脉冲期间射频频率偏置的影响,那么可简单地用核磁共振中的矢量模型来解释自旋锁定这一现象。 关键词：     

软件化脉冲序列程序器

在核磁共振谱仪中, 射频发射通道、接收机以及数据采集等的实时控制是由“脉冲序列器 ”来完成的. 本文提出了一套可设计任意脉冲序列、由全软件构成的“脉冲序列程序器”,该软件用Delphi 5 实现,用户界面简洁直观. 由其产生的脉冲的最小脉宽为1.3 μs,分辨率为12 ns（CPU工作在333 MHz）.     

具有快速调制功能NMR发射机的设计与实现

介绍了一种具有快速幅度、相位和频率调制功能的核磁共振射频发射机. 数字中频子系统中采用了两个级联的数控振荡器,前一级数控振荡器在FPGA内实现,用于产生基带调制信号;后一级则采用具有正交调制功能的DDS芯片,由它来完成基带信号的采样率转换、中频产生、调制和输出. 射频脉冲的相位和频率偏置的设置直接由级联NCO实现,而幅度设置则由步进衰减器和中频幅度调制共同实现. 该发射机的基本性能和功能满足常规1D/2D NMR实验需求.     

一种用于高场MRI的多源射频发射机

介绍了高场磁共振成像（MRI）多源发射技术的原理,提出了一种用于高场MRI系统的多源射频信号发射机.它能并行输出多路频率、相位、幅度,可快速独立调节的射频脉冲信号.该射频发射机的实现基于单片现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和多通道数模转换器（DAC）芯片,FPGA读取预存于双端口随机存取存储器（RAM）中的射频信号参数,并利用读取的参数分别实现每路信号的直接数字频率合成（DDS）和信号调制等核心功能,获得多路数字射频信号;FPGA输出的数字信号经过高性能DAC转化为模拟信号,即所需要的射频信号.该射频发射机在设计中大量采用软件无线电技术,即利用Xilinx提供的IP核实现DDS和信号调制等主要功能,具有集成度高、体积小、灵活度高的优点,同时,该设计可以大大缩短开发时间,有效降低实现的难度和成本,为高场MRI谱仪的多源射频发射机的设计研制提供了一种低成本、高效、高性价比的方案.     

2H T2rho relaxation dynamics and double-quantum filtered NMR studies

In this study 2H T2rho DQF NMR spectra of water in MCM-41 were measured. The T2rho double-quantum filtered (DQF) NMR signal is generated by applying a radio frequency (RF) field for various durations and then observed after a monitor RF pulse. It was found that the transfer between different quantum coherences by the couplings during long-duration RF fields (i.e., soft pulses) and that residual quadrupolar interaction dominates the signal decay. Knowledge of coherence transfer during long-RF pulses has special significance for the development of sophisticated multi-quantum NMR experiments especially multi-quantum MRI applications.     

Selective excitation in Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance. 1978

The applications of frequency-selective excitation methods in Fourier transform NMR are discussed, and a simple technique is described for selective excitation of a narrow frequency region of a high-resolution NMR spectrum in a Fourier transform spectrometer. A regular sequence of identical radiofrequency pulses of small flip angle exerts a strong cumulative effect on magnetizations close to resonance with the transmitter frequency or one of a set of equally spaced sidebands separated by the pulse repetition rate. All other magnetizations precess through an incomplete number of full rotations between pulses, and are caught by successive pulses at an ever changing phase of their precession, which destroys the cumulative effect. The motion of the various nuclear magnetization vectors may be described pictorially according to the Bloch equations, neglecting relaxation during the pulse sequence. A general theory is presented for selective or “tailored” excitation by an arbitrary modulation of the radiofrequency transmitter signal. It confirms earlier conclusions that the frequency-domain excitation spectrum corresponds to the Fourier transform of the transmitter modulation pattern, provided that the NMR response remains linear. The excitation spectra calculated for the selective pulse sequence by these two alternative approaches show good agreement within their respective limitations. A number of practical applications of selective excitation are explored, including solvent peak suppression, the detection of partial spectra from individual chemical sites, selective studies of relaxation and slow chemical exchange, and holeburning or localized saturation.     

基于频移反馈腔的全光纤射频调制脉冲激光研究

射频调制的脉冲激光是激光雷达探测领域内的一项重要研究内容.根据声光斩波器的强度和频率调制特性,设计了基于频移反馈腔的全光纤射频调制脉冲激光.理论上,建立了基于频移反馈腔的激光外差相干理论模型,并进行了数值仿真.根据理论模型,实验上严格控制频移反馈腔的长度和声光斩波器触发信号的周期,在100 MHz的射频信号驱动下,产生了脉冲宽度110 ns、重复频率约20 kHz的具有最高700 MHz射频调制的脉冲激光(脉内调制激光);同时微调斩波周期可以实现脉冲前沿或后沿的多样性射频调制.通过改变反馈腔内光纤放大器的输出功率实现了射频调制深度的连续可调,最高达到了0.67.     

The application of steady-state free precession in rapid 2DFT NMR imaging: FAST and CE-FAST sequences

In the classic spectroscopic steady-state free precession (SSFP) experiment, a regular sequence of phase-coherent radio frequency pulses is applied with constant flip angle and a repetition time shorter than the NMR relaxation times of the sample. As the steady state is reached, an NMR signal appears between pulses that consists of two distinct components: a free induction signal following the RF pulses and decaying during the repetition interval and a spin-echo-like signal forming at its end prior to the subsequent RF pulse. Both signals may be exploited for NMR imaging if the gradient schemes fulfill the phase coherence requirements of SSFP. This article describes two Fourier acquired steady-state sequences dubbed FAST and CE-FAST, which may be used for the rapid acquisition of NMR images from the SSFP signals.     

Novel methods for characterizing a decoupler channel using "undetectable" quantum coherences.

Exact solutions for the effect of time-independent RF pulses on any initial configuration of an IS J-coupled system demonstrate that on-resonance CW decoupling yields signals whose frequency depends on RF field strength and homogeneity. These signals are enhanced starting with "undetectable" antiphase and multiple quantum coherences, which can also produce centerband intensity to mimic the signal from decoupled Sx. Conversely, these coherences can be generated from Sx using a low-power pulse, B1 = J/2, of length (2J)-1, dubbed a "90J pulse" since it is the selective equivalent of {(2J)-1-90[I]}. Utilizing 90J pulses, new characterization-of-decoupler (COD) pulse sequences can determine the performance of an insensitive I-spin channel by observing large signals from either antiphase or multiple quantum coherences with the S-spin channel, allowing, in minutes rather than hours: (i) frequency calibration to an accuracy of 0.1 Hz; (ii) measurement of RF amplitudes over a 500-fold variation; and (iii) mapping of RF homogeneity along the sample axis with a single 1D B1 spectrum. These 90J coherence transfer pulses are of potential general use for selective spectroscopy.