关于折线的一个猜想的证明

文[1]中，王方汉老师有如下猜想：当n为形如4m－1（mEN）的素数时，生成数列凡一l＝（1，2，…，牛／，M，…，2，l）所确定的数列B，，具有遍历性．也就是说，设数列凡1＝（r，12，…，r。－l），h为正整数，B。＝（hi，bZ，…，b。），1＝hi＜bZ＜…＜b。且均为整数，设凡；与B。之间有如下映射关系：。。。。，；；＝（1，2，…，宁，宁，…，2，1）且n为形如4m－1的素数时，数列B。各项被n除的余数恰是0，1，2，…，n－1的一个全排列．显然，数列B。＝（hi，bZ，…，b。）各项被n除的余数恰是0，1，2，…，n一且的一个全排列等价于…     

利用整体思想解含多变元、多个函数的复合最值问题

在数学竞赛试题中经常出现形如max{min{f1（x1，X2，…，xn），f2（x1，x2，…，xn），…，fm（x1，x2，…，xn）}}或min{max{f1（x1，x2，…，xn），f2（x1，x2，…，xn），…，fm（x1，x2，…，xn）}}的多变元、多个函数的复合最值问题，即求函数最大值的最小值或求函数最小值的最大值。这类问题复杂、抽象且综合性强，解题时不能孤立地研究每一个函数，宜采用整体思想。     

空间直线与平面

本单元的知识点主要有：平面的基本性质（三个公理及推论，空间图形的直观画法），线线关系（平行，异面，垂直，异面直线所成的角），线面关系（平行，相交，垂直，斜线在平面内的射影，直线和平面所成的角，三垂线定理），面面关系（平行，垂直，相交，二面角的平面角）．     

关于丢番图方程x^2±2^m=y^n

本文证明了：方程ｘ２＋２ｍ＝ｙｎ，ｘ，ｙ，ｍ，ｎ∈Ｎ，ｇｃｄ（ｘ，ｙ）＝１，ｎ＞２仅有有限多组解（ｘ，ｙ，ｍ，ｎ），而且当（ｘ，ｙ，ｍ，ｎ）≠（５，３，１，３），（１１，５，２，３），（７，３，５，４）时，ｎ是适合ｎ≡７（ｍｏｄ８）以及２３≤ｎ＜８．５·１０６的奇素数，ｍａｘ（ｘ，ｙ，ｍ）＜Ｃ１；方程ｘ２－２ｍ＝ｙｎ，ｘ，ｙ，ｍ，ｎ∈Ｎ，ｇｃｄ（ｘ，ｙ）＝１，ｙ＞１；ｎ＞２仅有有限多组解（ｘ，ｙ，ｍ，ｎ），而且这些解都满足ｎ＜２·１０９炉以及ｍａｘ（ｘ，ｙ，ｍ）＜Ｃ２，这里Ｃ１，Ｃ２是可有效计算的绝对常数．     

以台风为背景的考题的探究

以台风为背景的考题关注现实，贴近生活，涉及的知识点不多，历来被中考、高考、竞赛命题者所青睐，考察这类试题，不难发现命题者构思精巧，设计独特，用心良苦，纵观这类考题，就像一道亮丽的风景线映入眼帘，赏心悦目，心旷神怡，因此，特对以台风为背景的考题进行探究。     

有相依关系的成败型元件串联系统可靠性经典精确最优置信下限

设有由Ｋ个成败型元件Ａ１，Ａ２，…，ＡＫ组成的串联系统，设Ａ１，Ａ２，…，ＡＫ之间有相依关系，要Ａ１成功的条件下Ａ２才可以试验，在Ａ１，Ａ２，都成功的条件下Ａ３才可以试验，…在Ａ１，Ａ２，…ＡＫ－１都成功的条件下Ａｋ才可以试验，设条件概率Ｐ（Ａｉ│Ａ１Ａ２…Ａｉ－１）ｐｉ，ｐｉ未知，ｉ＝１，２，…，Ｋ。设有样本（Ｘ１，Ｘ２，…，ＸＫ）（Ｘ≥Ｘ２≥…≥ＸＫ），本文用样本点排序法求此串联系统可靠性之经     

关于方程xy+yz+zx=n的正整数解

本文在广义Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ猜想成立的条件下证明了：当且仅当正整数ｎ＝１，２，４，６，１０，１８，２２，３０，４２，５８，７０，７８，１０２，１３０，１９０，２１０，３３０，４６２时，方程ｘｙ＋ｙｚ＋ｚｘ＝ｎ无正整数解（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ）．     

齐民友先生谈数学教育改革──在PMN全国会议上的讲话(摘要)

这个会非常重要，我很高兴，主动来参加这个会．近年在国内，关于教育方面的种种问题都在考虑，不仅在中国，在美国也一样，例如在加州围绕教学改革，打了一场"数学之战"，最近这一年我与华中师大路刚同志谈的较多，无锡的徐沥泉老师，试着把数学方法论用于数学教学，做了很好的工作，数学教学问题的研究，郁很大的发展，英藉匈牙利人拉卡托斯，通过研究多面体的欧拉公式，以此为素材，为案例，搞助探论（heuristic，康宏逵先生的译法是准确的，有人译为探索法，亦可，译成"启发法"就在些勉强了），起初在一个杂志登出来，后来他的学生把它…     

一道数学竞赛题的探究

一道数学竞赛题的探究刘古胜（华中师范大学中师研究生课程班４３００７９）１９９２年国际数学奥林匹克竞赛中有这样一道题：数列１，１，３，３，３２，３２，…，３１９９２，３１９９２由两个１，两个３，两个３２，…，两个３１９９２按从小到大的顺序排列而成，数列...     

一个数论定理的简证

有一个在解题中应用频繁的命题：设a，b两自然数的最大公约数和最小公倍数分别是（a，b）和［a，b]，则［a，b]·（a，b）=ab.此命题在数论书上或略而不证，或证来太琐碎，思路不清晰，而不能令人满意，许多小学和中学的数学老师感到困惑．今给出两个简单的证法．引理1互素两数的最小公倍数等于它们的积．路证设，n，nEN，；n，n互素，我们来ie明［，n，’。」一n。n．事实上，如人是。n，；l的任一公倍数，则及一l，n一八；．那么din，但On，）一l，删mt．今t＝mP，则k—Pmn，．．m…k．又mn也是m，n的公倍数，故是最小公倍数．命回证法1…     

Creep of polymer concrete in the nonlinear region

Two polyester-based polymer concretes with various volume content of diabase as an extender and aggregate are tested in creep under compression at different stress levels. The phenomenological and structural approaches are both used to analyze the experimental data. Common features of changes in the instantaneous and creep compliances are clarified, and a phenomenological creep model which accounts for the changes in the instantaneous compliance and in the retardation spectrum depending on the stress level is developed. It is shown that the model can be used to describe the experimental results of stress relaxation and creep under repeated loading. Modeling of the composite structure and subsequent solution of the optimization problem confirm the possibility of the existence of an interphase layer more compliant than the binder. A direct correlation between the interphase volume content and the instantaneous compliance of the composite is revealed. It is found that the distinction in nonlinearity of the viscoelastic behavior of the two polymer concretes under investigation can be due to the difference in their porosity. Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000.) Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 147–164, 2000.     

Peridynamics via finite element analysis

Peridynamics is a recently developed theory of solid mechanics that replaces the partial differential equations of the classical continuum theory with integral equations. Since the integral equations remain valid in the presence of discontinuities such as cracks, the method has the potential to model fracture and damage with great generality and without the complications of mathematical singularities that plague conventional continuum approaches. Although a discretized form of the peridynamic integral equations has been implemented in a meshless code called EMU, the objective of the present paper is to describe how the peridynamic model can also be implemented in a conventional finite element analysis (FEA) code using truss elements. Since FEA is arguably the most widely used tool for structural analysis, this implementation may hasten the verification of peridynamics and significantly broaden the range of problems that the practicing analyst might attempt. Also, the present work demonstrates that different subregions of a model can be solved with either the classical partial differential equations or the peridynamic equations in the same calculation thus combining the efficiency of FEA with the generality of peridynamics. Several example problems show the equivalency of the FEA and the meshless peridynamic approach as well as demonstrate the utility and robustness of the method for problems involving fracture, damage and penetration.     

Variation of the structure and permeability of tensioned fiber layers during impregnation with a thermoplastic polymer melt

The influence of displacements of tensioned fibers on the impregnation of fibrous layers with a polymer melt and on the final composite structure is studied. Using computer simulation, it is shown that, during impregnation, the structure of tensioned fibrous layers changes considerably depending on the initial arrangement and tensioning of fibers. The consolidated regions formed under the melt front move inside the impregnated layer with the advancing melt front. Displacement of the tensioned fibers as well as the formation of “washouts” favors the impregnation of internal layers, but cause significant inhomogeneity of the polymer structure. The surface (on the side of the melt flow) regions are more saturated with the polymer than the internal ones. A difference in the melt percolation mechanisms at various impregnation regimes is revealed. The effective permeability coefficients of a tensioned fiber layer are not constant but depend on the conditions and regimes of impregnation. Submitted to the 11th Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000). Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 259–270, March–April, 2000.     

The Cauchy problem for ut=Δu+|∇u|

With q a positive real number, the nonlinear partial differential equation in the title of the paper arises in the study of the growth of surfaces. In that context it is known as the generalized deterministic KPZ equation. The paper is concerned with the initial-value problem for the equation under the assumption that the initial-data function is bounded and continuous. Results on the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions are obtained.     

Price Expectations and Cobwebs Under Uncertainty

Classical approaches to location problems are based on the minimization of the average distance (the median concept) or the minimization of the maximum distance (the center concept) to the service facilities. The median solution concept is primarily concerned with the spatial efficiency while the center concept is focused on the spatial equity. The k-centrum model unifies both the concepts by minimization of the sum of the k largest distances. In this paper we investigate a solution concept of the conditional median which is a generalization of the k-centrum concept taking into account the portion of demand related to the largest distances. Namely, for a specified portion (quantile) of demand we take into account the entire group of the corresponding largest distances and we minimize their average. It is shown that such an objective, similar to the standard minimax, may be modeled with a number of simple linear inequalities. Equitable properties of the solution concept are examined.     

含有批处理机的三机流水作业加工总长问题在某些情形下的强NP困难性

本文研究含有批处理机的三台机器流水作业加工总长问题在某些情形下的计算复杂性。在批处理机上同时加工的工件组成一个工件批，一个工件批的所有工件同时开始、同时结束。当批处理机的容量有限时，我们证明了下列情形为强NP困难的：第一台机器是批处理机、其余两台机器是单机；第二台机器是单机、其余两台机器是批处理机；第三台机器是批处理机、其余两台机器是单机。     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

A model for predicting the shear bearing capacity of FRP-strengthened beams

The shear failure of reinforced concrete beams needs more attention than the bending failure since no or only small warning precedes the failure. For this reason, it is of utmost importance to understand the shear bearing capacity and also to be able to undertake significant rehabilitation work if necessary. In this paper, a design model for the shear strengthening of concrete beams by using fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) is presented, and the limitations of the truss model analogy are highlighted. The fracture mechanics approach is used in analyzing the bond behavior between the FRP composites and concrete. The fracture energy of concrete and the axial rigidity of the FRP are considered to be the most important parameters. The effective strain in the FRP when the debonding occurs is determined. The limitations of the anchorage length over the cross section are analyzed. A simple iterative design method for the shear debonding is finally proposed. Russian translation published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 357–372, May–June, 2008.     

Dynamical Spin Susceptibility in the t–J Model in the Superconducting Phase

Dynamical spin susceptibility is calculated for the t–J model in the superconducting phase using the memory function method in terms of the Hubbard operators. The self-consistent system of equations for the memory function is obtained within the mode-coupling approximation. Both itinerant hole excitations and localized spin fluctuations contribute to the memory function. Moreover, the itinerant contribution itself consists of two parts, i.e., the contribution of Bogoliubov quasiparticles and that of Cooper pairs. The spin dynamics is diffusive in the hydrodynamic limit, but the itinerant part does not contribute to the spin diffusion. In the high frequency region, spin–wave-like excitations continue to exist. We discuss our analytic results in the light of neutron scattering experiments performed on the cuprate superconductors.     

Gaussian Versus Optimal Integration of Analytic Functions

We consider error estimates for optimal and Gaussian quadrature formulas if the integrand is analytic and bounded in a certain complex region. First, a simple technique for the derivation of lower bounds for the optimal error constants is presented. This method is applied to Szeg?-type weight functions and ellipses as regions of analyticity. In this situation, the error constants for the Gaussian formulas are close to the obtained lower bounds, which proves the quality of the Gaussian formulas and also of the lower bounds. In the sequel, different regions of analyticity are investigated. It turns out that almost exclusively for ellipses, the Gaussian formulas are near-optimal. For classes of simply connected regions of analyticity, which are additionally symmetric to the real axis, the asymptotic of the worst ratio between the error constants of the Gaussian formulas and the optimal error constants is calculated. As a by-product, we prove explicit lower bounds for the Christoffel-function for the constant weight function and arguments outside the interval of integration. September 7, 1995. Date revised: October 25, 1996.