测劈尖角度及折射率的研究

介绍了一种利用光的干涉测量劈尖角度及折射率的方法。     

用牛顿环产生的干涉条纹测量液体的折射率

提出了用牛顿环实验装置,通过测量干涉条纹的半径来测量液体折射率的方法。     

Interferometric determination of refraction and dispersion of a birefringent material: numerical procedure

Air, liquid and solid sample interferometric gaps of the same thickness and simultaneously enclosed in a wedge interferometer are used to produce fringes of equal chromatic order. A mica sample of dimensions 2×5 mm² and an immersion liquid of the same refractive index are used. A single shot interferogram containing fringes in the three gaps is sufficient to deduce the needed experimental data. Locations of fringe maxima are introduced in a numerical procedure to retrieve the sample and liquid refractive indices across the visible spectrum. The numerical procedure is based on a simple dispersion function of wavelength and wavenumber. A modified two-term Sellmeier dispersion formula has been used for fitting the experimental data and deducing the needed dispersion parameters.     

Negative refractive index and anomalous dispersion

Media with negative index of refraction are discussed briefly within Sellmeier model. In particular, dispersion of light waves is found to be anomalous and the corresponding coefficient of material dispersion is found to be negative. In addition, the group index becomes negative.     

透射式微分干涉显微镜测量光纤折射率分布

提出一种由两组偏光棱镜组成的透射式微分干涉系统,用来测量光纤的折射率分布。系统利用旋转检偏器对测量光束进行调制,从相位分布和光程分布中计算出折射率分布。介绍了测量原理、测量公式、系统组成及典型应用。用该系统对光纤折射率进行实际测量,给出渐变折射率光纤的二维分布,及折射率沿轴向的分布图,同时还在NR 9200光纤测试仪上进行了测试。结果表明,系统原理正确,结构简捷,具有足够分辨率和测量精度,抗干扰能力强,不破坏光纤,还可测量包层和芯层的直径,发现光纤加工过程中的缺陷,特别适合加工、焊接等工艺过程中的检测。     

对白光干涉法测量透明介质折射率实验的探讨

在时域中求解得到,光路中存在色散介质的情况下,白光双光束干涉光强度.由此证明了:用白光干涉法测量得到的是白光在色散介质中的群折射率,而并非相关报道中认为的折射率;讨论了介质厚度及色散对于涉条纹的可见度和干涉条纹显现时动镜移动范围的影响.上述结论得到了实验验证.     

Effect of magnetic field of light on refractive index

Light refraction in a medium results from energy exchange between the medium and the magnetic field of the light. Formulas of refractive index, that is, the ratio of light speed in vacuum to light speed in the medium, were derived with the inductor model of electron cloud and the law of energy conservation. Refractive indices of several media were calculated using the formulas derived, and the calculated results are in agreement with the results measured. The anisotropy and the nonlinearity of the refractive index are explained with the theory described in this work.     

旋光晶体的寻常折射率与左旋光和右旋光折射率的关系

由光的波动方程证明,若介质为旋光物质,则其极化率张量χ一定有非对角对称的共轭虚元素,并导出了旋光晶体的寻常折射率no与左旋光折射率nL和右旋光折射率nR之间的关系.将理论分析结果与实验数据相对照,结果完全吻合.     

蔗糖溶液折射率与浓度关系的理论和实验探究

光在介质中的传播遵循费马原理.在均匀介质中光沿直线传播,非均匀介质中,光的传播轨迹比较复杂.本文以蔗糖溶液为研究对象,设计了光在非均匀介质中传播实验,建立了相关模型,理论分析了溶液折射率随深度(浓度)变化的关系.进行了数据拟合,得出溶液折射率随液体深度变化的表达式.     

基于平行平板的折射率高精度非接触测量

常用的测量折射率的方法如偏向角法、自准直法、临界角法、 V棱镜法等,这些方法通常需特制三棱镜与待测件。待测样品不一致且过程复杂,测试定标周期长,难于自动化。为了保证待测材料的完整及实现自动化测量,进行了基于平行平板的折射率非接触测量的尝试。运用该方法进行折射率的测量,不需特制三棱镜并且待测件与待测样品一致。分析表明,通过选择合适的测量角度,该方法旋转角度精度为a=0.003（即10）,导轨精度为L=0.000 8 mm,平行平板厚度测量精度为d=0.001 mm。     

Full-field refractive index measurement with simultaneous phase-shift interferometry

Using the phenomenon of total internal reflection and a beam splitting device, a technique of simultaneous phase-shift interferometry is proposed for measuring the full-field refractive index. Because this method applies a beam splitting device that mimics the characteristics of beam splitting and phase modulation, four interferemetric images of various phase distributions can be simultaneously captured. Therefore, this setup can avoid errors caused by non-simultaneous capturing of images and offers the benefits of high stability, ease of operation, and real-time measurement. Furthermore, using the phenomenon of total internal reflection, the phase difference between p- and s-polarized light varies considerably with the refractive index of a tested specimen. This can substantially increase the measurement resolution. The feasibility of this method is verified using an experiment, and the measurement resolution can be higher than 3.65 × 10⁻⁴ RIU.     

温度对气体折射率的非线性影响

对测量群折射率的迈克耳孙白光干涉技术进行了改进,采用光栅线位移传感器提高反射扫描镜的位移精度. 实验确定了空气折射率对温度的非线性曲线拟合方程,其拟合因子的精度达到10-5℃-1.     

准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率

介绍了用准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率的方法。通过准相干干涉定位 ,用精密光栅数显系统测长 ,由计算机采集并处理数据获得一段短光纤的光学长度 ,然后利用常规精密测长手段测得其几何长度 ,从而得到光纤的群折射率。实验结果及误差分析得出 :测量不确定度优于 7× 10 -5(2σ)。     

Negative refractive index in a four-level atomic system

A closed four-level system in atomic vapour is proposed, which is made to possess left handedness by using the technique of quantum coherence. The density matrix method is utilized in view of the rotating-wave approximation and the effect of a local field in dense gas. The numerical simulation result shows that the negative permittivity and the negative permeability of the medium can be achieved simultaneously (i.e. the left handedness) in a wider frequency band under appropriate parameter conditions. Furthermore, when analysing the dispersion property of the left-handed material, we can find that the probe beam propagation can be controlled from superluminal to subluminal, or vice versa via changing the detuning of the probe field.     

Interferometric determination of refraction and dispersion of a birefringent material: non-numerical procedure

Fringes of equal chromatic order are produced in air, immersion liquid and mica sample interferometric gaps. The three gaps are of the same thickness and simultaneously enclosed in a wedge interferometer. A single-shot interferogram contains fringes in the three gaps is sufficient to deduce the needed experimental data. A non-numerical procedure is used for determining the refractive indices of the immersion liquid and mica sample across the visible spectrum. There is no need for any numerical fitting stage nor for the application of any theoretical model concerning the dispersion behavior of the sample under test. A modified two-term Sellmeier dispersion formula has been used for fitting the experimental data and deducing the needed dispersion parameters.     

利用强度周期性变化的光信号测量光速与介质的折射率

介绍了一种利用强度周期性变化的光信号来测量光速与介质折射率的方法,可以精确测量出光传播距离改变cm数量级时光传播时间的改变.如果在光路中放入介质,用这种方法可以很精确地测量出由此引入的光程差,并给出了一个测量介质折射率的新方法.     

基于PASCO系统的物质折射率测量

设计了基于全反射原理和PASCO系统的角度扫描物质折射率计算机测量方案.用波长650 nm的激光,测量了水和酒精的折射率,与公认的测量结果较为吻合.通过在透射方观察找到全反射现象,且因出射光线与入射光线的方向是在同一方位,所以透射方并无需转动.引入PASCO系统可测量得到总透射率随入射光角位置的变化关系曲线.     

棱镜耦合法测波导衬底折射率

本文对棱镜耦合法测波导衬底折射率进行了实验研究,在两种入射情况下,对石英玻璃、CaF_2、LiF衬底及C-813-8胶块进行了折射率测量,并得到有益的实验结果.     

液体折射率测量实验中提高半荫视场可见度的途径

分析了掠入射法测定液体折射率实验中棱镜角的选择范围,提出了增加半荫视场可见度的途径,讨论了光源位置和棱镜选取对半荫视场分界线可见度的影响,得出了实验室常用棱镜的选择方案.     

大气气溶胶消光特性和折射率的测量

介绍了一种综合利用能见度仪、微脉冲激光雷达和光学粒子计数器测量大气气溶胶折射率的新方法。首先使用能见度仪和激光雷达测量出大气气溶胶的消光系数和消光后向散射比,然后使用粒子计数器测量出粒子谱分布,结合气溶胶粒子折射率,根据球形粒子的米（Mie）散射理论,可以得到气溶胶消光系数和消光后向散射比。通过分析消光系数、消光后向散射比、粒子谱分布和折射率之间的关系,结合已知的消光系数和消光后向散射比,反演出大气气溶胶粒子的折射率。