Eastman-AQ/四硫富瓦烯修饰碳纤维微盘电极

利用新型的阳离子聚合物膜将四硫富瓦烯修饰到电极表面上，并研究了修饰电极的电化学行为。研究了浸泡时间、扫描速度和支持电解质对修饰电极性能的影响；循环伏安法、计时电流法和交流阻抗法表明四硫富瓦烯在膜中的扩散是控制步骤。四硫富瓦烯在膜中的第一对氧化还原峰呈现可逆的、单电子反应。用循环伏安法测得了ＴＴＦ＋ＴＴＦＺＴＴＦ反应的平衡常数。     

四硫代富瓦烯衍生物的合成和表征

通过4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)、二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)催化体系的酯化反应和三乙基磷酸酯的耦合反应得到四硫代富瓦烯衍生物,通过核磁、质谱、红外等手段对所合成的四硫代富瓦烯的衍生物进行了纯度和结构的确认,使用偏光显微镜,差示扫描量热仪等,对其热力学性能和液晶性能进行了表征,证明它是一种室温液晶分子,对它进行了化学氧化实验,研究了四硫代富瓦烯衍生物的氧化还原性质.     

Synthesis and electrochemical studies of tetrathiafulvalene derivatives (TTFs) as redox active ligands

A simple route for synthesis of new tetrathiafulvalene dimethyl ester (TTF‐DME) is reported. The tetrathifulvalene dimethylester (TTF‐DME) has been prepared by introducing an ester coordination function as a bifunctional new donor. The redox behavior of the TTF‐DME was investigated in comparison to the well‐known dibenzotetrathiafulvene (DB‐TTF) by cyclic voltammetry. A two‐electron redox behavior was observed as a two waves.     

基于四硫富瓦烯衍生物Langmuir-Blodgett膜的研究进展

在简要介绍了Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)膜的基础上, 主要依据制备LB膜的四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物化学结构的不同, 概括了基于两亲性TTF衍生物、非两亲性TTF衍生物、TTF电荷转移(CT)复合物或盐、以及TTF金属络合物LB膜的制备、结构表征与性能研究进展. 介绍了基于TTF衍生物的LB膜在导电、化学及生物传感器、光学以及磁性方面的应用, 并对基于TTF衍生物LB膜的发展进行了展望.     

Four-electron oxygen reduction by tetrathiafulvalene

The four-electron reduction of oxygen by tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) in acidified 1,2-dichloroethane and at the acidified water/1,2-dichloroethane interface has been observed. Spectroscopy and ion transfer voltammetry results suggest that the reaction proceeds by the fast protonation of TTF followed by the 4-electron reduction of oxygen to form water. Electronic structure computations give evidence of the formation of a helical tetramer assembly ([TTF(4)H(2)](2+)) of two protonated TTF and two neutral TTF molecules. The protonated tetramer is potentially able to deliver the four electrons needed for the oxygen reduction. The production of water was corroborated by (1)H NMR analysis.     

两个多核四硫代富瓦烯类衍生物的合成和电化学行为

合成了２个含３个四硫代富瓦烯单元的化合物，给出了它们的核磁共振氢谱、质谱、紫外吸收光谱及元素分析数据。用循环伏安法测定了它们的氧化还原电位，并将其与仅含１个或２个四硫代富瓦烯单元的化合物的氧化还原电位比较。发现随着分子内共轭程度的增加，分子内的库仑斥力也随之降低。     

Synthesis of organic-metal hybrid nanowires by cooperative self-organization of tetrathiafulvalene and metallic gold via charge-transfer

Organic-metal hybrid nanowires were synthesized by cooperative self-organization of the one-dimensional stacking of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) via charge-transfer interaction with metallic gold originating from the redox reaction between TTF and gold ions. The nanowires can be easily obtained as purple precipitates just by mixing TTF and HAuCl4 in a CH3CN solution at room temperature. The feed molar ratio of TTF to HAuCl4 was 4.4. The average diameter and length of the observed nanowires were 90 +/- 36 nm and 15 +/- 3 microm, respectively. The formation was facilitated by the arrangement of the neutral and oxidized TTF along the one direction in a mix-valence state, which was confirmed by a broad absorption that appeared in the region of 2000 nm and the composition of the nanowires of [(TTFCl(0.78))Au(0.12)].     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of a chiral silyl-substituted tetrathiafulvalene derivative

A new chiral tetrathiafulvalene(TTF) derivative and related silyl-substituted 1,3-dithiole-2-(thi)one compounds were synthesized and characterized by ~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,MS and IR spectra.Single crystal structure of the silyl-substituted 1,3-dithiole-2-one revealed the high degree of conjugation of the fivemembered ring moiety in the compound.The electrochemical properties of the new TTF derivative were studied by cyclic voltammetry and the results indicated that the electron-donating ability of the chiral TTF derivative was similar to that of BEDT-TTF.The △E value for the new TTF derivative was smaller than those for TTF and BEDT-TTF,indicative of decreased Coulombic repulsion in the dicationic redox state.Formation of charge-transfer(CT) complex between the new donor and electron acceptor 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone(DDQ) was demonstrated.     

氧化作用控制“四硫富瓦烯-蒽”二元体系的荧光开关行为

利用Wittig反应将高荧光量子产率的蒽基团通过双键连接在四硫富瓦烯单元上,合成了二元共轭体系化合物TTFan.在氧化作用的控制下,四硫富瓦烯单元的给电子能力降低,TTFan的荧光发射强度增大至原来的十几倍,实现了荧光的“off-on”过程.     

Tetrathiafulvalene-functionalized Cavitands as Building Blocks for Redox Active Hemicarcerands

Two new cavitands bearing four upper-rim tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) units were synthesized. One of these cavitands was used to prepare a redox-active hemicarcerand containing four TTF subunits covalently appended to its equatorial region. Preliminary electrochemical characterization data show that the four TTF residues in all these compounds behave as independent, non-interacting groups in their heterogeneous electron transfer reactions.     

Preparation of graphene/tetrathiafulvalene nanocomposite switchable surfaces

A one step process for simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide using tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is described. Chemical oxidation of TTF to TTF(2+) using an aqueous solution of Fe(ClO(4))(3) expels the charged molecule from the graphene nanosheets, while subsequent immersion in neutral TTF solution allows the capture of the TTF molecules.     

New Concepts in Tetrathiafulvalene Chemistry

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its derivatives were originally prepared as strong electron-donor molecules for the development of electrically conducting materials. This Review emphasizes how TTF and its derivatives offer new and in some cases little-exploited possibilities at the molecular to the supramolecular levels, as well as in macromolecular aspects. TTF is a well-established molecule whose interest goes beyond the field of materials chemistry to be considered an important building block in supramolecular chemistry, crystal engineering, and in systems able to operate as machines. At the molecular level, TTF is a readily available molecule which displays a strong electron-donor ability. However, its use as a catalyst for radical-polar crossover reactions, thus mimicking samarium iodide chemistry, has only recently been addressed. Important goals have been achieved in the use of TTF at the macromolecular level where TTF-containing oligomers, polymers, and dendrimers have allowed the preparation of new materials that integrate the unique properties of TTF with the processability and stability that macromolecules display. The TTF molecule has also been successfully used in the construction of redox-active supramolecular systems. Thus, chemical sensors and redox-switchable ligands have been prepared from TTF while molecular shuttles and molecular switches have been prepared from TTF-containing rotaxanes and catenanes. A large synthetic effort has been devoted to the preparation of the so-called organic ferromagnets, many of which are derived from TTF. The main task in these systems is the introduction of ferromagnetic coupling between the conduction electrons and localized electrons. TTF has also played a prominent role in molecular electronics where TTF-containing D-sigma-A molecules have allowed the preparation of the first confirmed unimolecular rectifier. Recently, it has been confirmed that TTF can display efficient nonlinear optic (NLO) responses in the second and third harmonic generation as well as a good thermal stability. These findings can be combined with the redox ability of TTF as an external stimuli to provide a promising strategy for the molecular engineering of switchable NLO materials. Fullerenes endowed with TTF exhibit outstanding photophysical properties leading to charge-separated (CS) states that show remarkable lifetimes.     

新型四硫代富瓦烯衍生物的合成及其性质的研究

合成了3个新的含有卤素取代基的四硫代富瓦烯衍生物及6个新的相关化合物。利用溶液的电子吸收光谱对四硫代富瓦烯衍生物的性质进行了研究。研究结果表明, 四硫代富瓦烯衍生物的分子中π轨道之间的能级差较小, 因而分子具有较高的稳定性。     

Molecular and electronic structures of the long-bonded pi-dimers of tetrathiafulvalene cation-radical in intermolecular electron transfer and in (solid-state) conductivity

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) as the prototypical electron donor for solid-state (electronics) applications is converted to the unusual cation-radical salt, TTF+* CB- (where CB- is the non-coordinating closo-dodecamethylcarboranate), for crystallographic and spectral analyses. Near-IR studies establish the spontaneous self-association of TTF+* to form the diamagnetic [TTF+,TTF+] dication and to also undergo the equally rapid cross-association with its parent donor to form the mixed-valence [TTF+*,TTF] cation-radical. The latter, most importantly, represents the first (dyad) member of a series of p-doped tetrathiafulvalene (stacked) arrays, and the thorough scrutiny of its electronic structure with the aid of Mulliken-Hush (two-state) analysis of the diagnostic (intervalence) NIR band reveals Robin-Day Class II behavior. The theoretical consequences of the unique structure of the mixed-valence [TTF+*,TTF] dyad on (a) the electron-transfer mechanism for self-exchange, (b) the molecular-orbital analysis of the Marcus reorganization energy, and (c) the ab initio computation of the coupling element or transfer integral in p-doped (solid-state) arrays are discussed.     

Synthesis and reactivity of silylated tetrathiafulvalenes

Novel organosilylated tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) possessing Si-H or Si-Si bonds have been synthesised. The crystal structures of several derivatives have been determined by X-ray diffraction, including that of dimeric (Si(2)Me(4))(TTF)(2) () incorporating a diatomic SiMe(2)-SiMe(2) linker. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in all cases show two oxidation waves. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the absence of an electronic communication between the two TTF moieties of through the disilanyl spacer. The reactivity of the Si-H bond has been exploited to prepare the dinuclear complex [{Ru(CO)(4)}(2){mu-(Me(2)Si)(4)TTF}] (), starting from Ru(3)(CO)(12) and TTF(SiMe(2)H)(4) (). Treatment of with 2 equiv. of PPh(3) or dppm results in selective substitution of a CO ligand trans to a SiMe(2) group to afford mer-[{Ru(PPh(3))(CO)(3)}(2){mu-(Me(2)Si)(4)TTF}] () and mer-[{Ru(CO)(3)}(2)(eta(1)-dppm){mu-(Me(2)Si)(4)TTF}] (). Attempts to transform the Si-H bonds of some TTF(SiMe(2)H)(n) (n = 1, 2) into Si-O functions using stoichiometric amounts of water in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) were unsuccessful. Quantitative cleavage of the C(TTF)-Si bond was observed instead of formation of TTF-based-siloxanes. Essays of catalytic bis-silylation of phenylacetylene with and TTF(SiMe(2)-SiMe(3)) () in the presence of Pd(OAc)(2)/1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylisocyanide failed. Again, cleavage of the C(TTF)-Si bond was noticed.     

Multiredox tetrathiafulvalene-modified oxide-free hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) monolayers covalently bound to oxide-free hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces have been prepared from the hydrosilylation reaction involving a TTF-terminated ethyne derivative. FTIR spectroscopy characterization using similarly modified porous Si(100) substrates revealed the presence of vibration bands assigned to the immobilized TTF rings and the Si-C═C- interfacial bonds. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed the presence of two reversible one-electron systems ascribed to TTF/TTF(.+) and TTF(.+)/TTF(2+) redox couples at ca. 0.40 and 0.75 V vs SCE, respectively, which compare well with the values determined for the electroactive molecule in solution. The amount of immobilized TTF units could be varied in the range from 1.7 × 10(-10) to 5.2 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) by diluting the TTF-terminated chains with inert n-decenyl chains. The highest coverage obtained for the single-component monolayer is consistent with a densely packed TTF monolayer.     

四硫富瓦烯(TTF)衍生物的配位组装

四硫富瓦烯（tetratiafulvalenc,TTF)衍生物和二硫纶（dithiolene)化合行等有机富硫分子作为有机光电磁的功能化合物,一直受到了人们的重视,近年来一类融合了TTF和二硫纶结构的扩展TTF衍生物引起人们很大的兴趣,这类八硫共轭体系具有较好的电子授受特性,展示出潜在的应用价值。有目的地利用它与与金属离子间较强的配位能力对这些化合物进行晶体或分子设计已成为配位化学在富硫有机配合物研究中的一个热点。本文重点介绍这方面的研究的最新进展。主要包括以卤化亚铜基本骨架为基础的四烷基硫取代四硫富瓦烯（[(RS)2TTF(SR)2])的配位组装;二烷基硫取代的TTF融合二硫纶离子（[(RS)2TTF(S2)]^2-)和TTF融合双二硫纶离子（[(S)2TTF(S)]^4-金属配位衍生物的分子设计和空间构筑。通过配位修饰或组装,这类TTF金属衍生物显示了多变的结构,有的已发展具有较好的物理性质。     

A Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Electroactive Covalent Organic Framework

Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) provide a unique platform for the molecular design of electronic and optoelectronic materials. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an electroactive COF containing the well‐known tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit is reported. The TTF‐COF crystallizes into 2D sheets with an eclipsed AA stacking motif, and shows high thermal stability and permanent porosity. The presence of TTF units endows the TTF‐COF with electron‐donating ability, which is characterized by cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the open frameworks of TTF‐COF are amenable to doping with electron acceptors (e.g., iodine), and the conductivity of TTF‐COF bulk samples can be improved by doping. Our results open up a reliable route for the preparation of well‐ordered conjugated TTF polymers, which hold great potential for applications in fields from molecular electronics to energy storage.     

Binaphthalene molecules with tetrathiafulvalene units: CD spectrum modulation and new chiral molecular switches by reversible oxidation and reduction of tetrathiafulvalene units

By combining the features of binaphthalene and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), compounds 1-4 were designed for studies of chiral molecular switches. Absorption and CD spectral studies clearly indicate that the CD spectra resulting from axial chiral binaphthalene units can be modulated through the redox reactions of TTF units, which means new chiral molecular switches can be established on the basis of binaphthalene molecules with TTF units. The reference compound 5, which has one TTF unit rather than two as in the case of compounds 1, 3, and 4, failed to show such property, hinting that the presence of two or more TTF units is required for the realization of CD spectrum modulation. In addition, the manner of the CD spectrum modulation has been found to be dependent on the way TTF units are linked to the binaphthalene skeleton, in terms of the linker length, the positions for substitution, and the number of TTF units.     

Tetrathiafulvalene radical cation dimerization in a bistable tripodal [4]rotaxane

The template-directed synthesis of a bistable tripodal [4]rotaxane, which has cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) as the pi-electron-deficient rings, and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene units as the pairs of pi-electron-rich recognition sites located on all three legs of the tripodal dumbbell, is described. The chemical and electrochemical oxidation of the [4]rotaxane and its tripodal dumbbell have allowed us to unravel an unprecedented TTF.+ radical cation dimerization. In fact, two types of TTF dimers, namely, the radical cation dimer [TTF.+]2 and the mixed-valence one [(TTF)2].+, have been observed at room temperature for the tripodal dumbbell, whereas, in the case of the [4]rotaxane, only the radical cation dimer [TTF.+]2 is formed. This anomaly can be explained if it is accepted that most of the neutral TTF units in the [4]rotaxane are encircled by CBPQT4+ rings, which renders the formation of the mixed-valence dimer [(TTF)2].+ highly unfavorable.