贝特与兰姆位移

贝特是20世纪天才的理论物理学家，他在众多领域作出了重要贡献，本文通过他在解决兰姆位移这一问题时所用的“重正化”方法，充分展现了贝特在物理学研究中惯常所用的点睛之笔。     

缅怀张先生生平及学术成就

 张宗燧先生是中国统计物理学和量子场论研究的先驱和开拓者之一。在统计物理学方面,他提出了在有合作现象的系统中求出与贝特理论相应的系统配分函数中组态因子的方法,给出了著名的“张组合公式”,并由此证明了贝特近似与准化学近似的完全等价。     

氪的贝特面

用高分辨快电子能量损失谱方法, 在入射电子能量2.5 keV、激发能范围8-88 eV、动量转移范围0.056-3.56 ato. unit的条件下, 测量了氪的贝特面, 并进一步分析了贝特面的特性.     

中国科学技术大学物理50年

在中国科学技术大学建校50周年之际,回顾其物理学教学和科研发展的风雨历程是一件有意义的事情.中国科学技术大学物理学50年来的发展变迁跌宕起伏,难于全面叙述, 我们编写了<中国科大物理50年>一书,本文根据该书压缩而成.下面仅以现在的中国科学技术大学理学院物理系及与其有历史渊源的院系单位作为介绍对象进行介绍.     

依托重点学科,教学科研互动,培养创新人才——南京大学国家物理学基础科学人才培养基地建设总结

介绍了南京大学国家物理学基础科学人才培养基地在教学条件建设、教学队伍建设、深化教学改革、实施科研训练与创新人才培养等方面的做法和体会.     

漫谈物理学的过去、现在与未来

文章试图对物理学的发展历史作一透视，从而理解其现状，并进而窥测其未来的前景，我们希望这一看法对于当今从事物理学教学与科研的人士有所助益，由于物理世界的层次化，诸层次之间既可能存在耦合，又可能出现脱耦，因而大量粒子所构成的复杂体系中所涌现的各种层展性质就不能简单地还原成个别粒子所服从的规律，我们根据这一观点并结合物理学的未来前景，讨论了当今物理学研究的若干前沿问题，一切迹象预示着物理学将有光明的前景     

中国女物理学家为何在减少?

从20世纪30年代开始，尤其是解放以后，中国的女物理工作者献身于物理教学和科研，取得了丰硕的成果，培养了一代代新人，为祖建设做出了巨大贡献，但是改革开放之后选择物理的女性比率反而开始下降，这个趋势与其他学科和其他国家形成反差，并将严重影响科教兴国方针的实施。本地国内目前女物理工作者的状况进行分析。     

贝特（Bethe，Hans Albrecht，1906-2005）德国-美国物理学家（Physicist，Germany-America）

贝特是一个大学教授的儿子，受教育于法兰克福大学和慕尼黑大学。1928年在索末菲的指导下于慕尼黑大学获得博士学位。他曾在剑桥的卢瑟福和罗马的费米的指导下工作，1933年，贝特离开德国。1935年前，他在英国任教，然后受聘到美国康奈尔大学工作。贝特在科学上的最大贡献，是他于1938年提出了恒星上提供能量的核反应详情：当氢核生成氦时，大约有百分之一的氢转化成为能量。很少一点物质，就可以转化成大量的能量。     

国内常用物理学期刊的比较分析

介绍国内常用物理学核心期刊的信息资源及其网上投稿,物理期刊分类为科研工作者了解和掌握学科期刊的新变化、新情况,有选择地阅读,提高研究效率。同时对从事物理学研究和教学研究人员根据自己研究方向有目的地选择期刊进行投稿具有一定的参考意义。     

提高《医用物理实验》教学质量的探讨

《医用物理实验》是《医用物理学》教学的中心环节之一,是医学院校对学生进行实验方法和技能的基础训练、培养学生独立工作能力和科学精神的必要课程。由于一年级新生受中学追求升学率的影响,进入大学后仍是重理论,轻实践。因此,如何培养学生成为合格人材,即学生不仅掌握深广的理论知识,而且具有从事工作和科研能力及素质,是目前《医用物理实验》及其他学科实验教学亟待解决的问题。本文结合教学实践,对怎样提高医学院校《医用物理实验》教学质量进行如下探讨。一、《医用物理实验》教材编写模式的改进和内容的不断更新,是提高实验教学质量的前提。纵观各医学院校现行的《医用物理实验》教材,虽各有不同,但绝大多数都是老实验,与医学联系的内容少,更谈不上反映现代医学技术的新内     

Measurements of the polarization of the 2p and 1s states in muonic atoms and the helicity of the muon in pion decay

We have measured the polarization of the 2p and 1s states in muonic selenium (amorphous and metallic modifications), cadmium, palladium and iodine, in order to study the depolarization of muons in the cascading process and to measure the helicity of the μ^?. In the cases of cadmium, palladium and amorphous selenium good agreement between the measurements and cascade calculations is found. There is an unexpected depolarization of the 2p_{$\text{1}\text{2}$} state in metallic selenium. The helicity of the muon after the pion decay was measured to h_μ^? = + 0.99 ± 0.16.     

Mass and magnetic moment of the antiproton by the exotic atom method

Precision determinations of the mass and magnetic moment of the antiproton were made by the exotic atom method. Antiprotons were stopped in lead or uranium targets. De-excitation X-rays from the antiprotonic atoms were viewed by a high resolution Ge (Li) detector. Six principal transitions of the p?Pb spectrum (16 → 15 to 11 → 10) were analyzed to deduce a value of the antiproton mass. The fine structure splittings of the 11 → 10 and 12 → 11 transitions of p?Pb and p?U were used to determine a value of the antiproton magnetic moment. Our computed values of the energy eigenvalues of the (n, l, j) levels included corrections due to vacuum polarization and higher order radiative terms, electron screening, nuclear finite size and nuclear polarization. In the case of the p?U data, an additional shift due to the dynamic E2 mixing of nuclear rotational levels with antiprotonic orbital levels was included. Noncircular transitions were included in the analysis of the data. The values obtained for the antiproton mass and magnetic moment, 938.179±0.058 MeV and ? 2.791±0.021 nuclear magnetons, respectively, are compared with the corresponding quantities pertaining to the proton, 938.2796 ± 0.0027 MeV and +2.793 nuclear magnetons, respectively (error 1.1 × 10^?6 nuclear magnetons).     

Internet中的物理资源

对Internet中的物理资源进行了较系统的介绍，主要内容有：综合物理网站、物理期刊网站和物理教学网站，其中重点介绍了美国和欧洲主要国家的物理网站和物理期刊网站，利用这些物理站点，可以方便的进行文献检索、物理会议查询，物理教学相关资料的查询和世界各大学物理系的查询；可以方便快捷的了解当今世界各国的物理教学学科研的最新进展，文中对各个物理站点的使用方法都一一做了详细的介绍，以方便读者使用。     

杰出的物理学家阿伯拉罕·派斯和他的物理学史著作

评述了阿伯拉罕·派斯的生平及其在理论物理学和物理学史上的贡献 ,介绍了他的著作InwardBound的新出版的中译本《基本粒子物理学史》 .     

On the sign of the ρ-ω mixing charge asymmetric nn potential

The sign of the single-particle exchange nucleon force due to ρ°-ω mixing is shown on experimental and theoretical grounds to make the resulting charge asymmetric potential, V_nn ? V_pp in the ¹S₀ state, attractive. The sign agrees quite well with the binding energy difference in the A = 3 mirror nuclei and is not inconsistent with present knowledge of NN scattering lengths, predicting $\text{0 < ¦}\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{nn}}\text{¦ ? ¦a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>pp</mtext>}}\text{¦ ? 1}\text{fm}$.     

从近两届大学生物理竞赛再看工科物理实验教学

通过对近两届工科大学生物理竞赛成绩较好的5所重点院校的理论得分和实验得分进行对比，分析了实验得分率明显偏低的原因，并对工科院校的大学物理实验教学提出新思考。     

Solar probe: a rendezvous with the Sun

Summary A study has been promoted by NASA to evaluate the scientific return and the technological problems of a close-to-the-Sun mission (Solar Probe). It has come out that using current technology it is possible to deliver at 4 solar radii from the Sun's centre a scientific payload with such performances to allow a great improvement of our understanding of the coronal phenomena. The mission concept currently under study uses planetary encounters to reach the required orbit. The final orbit period is 2.5 years, the estimated mission duration about 9 years. The orbit inclination is such as to give the maximum coverage in terms of heliographic latitude. During the perihelion phases a conical structure shields the spacecraft from the intense solar radiation. Paper presented at the V Cosmic Physics National Conference, S. Miniato, November 27–30, 1990.     

Probing the Majorana nature of TeV-scale radiative seesaw models at collider experiments

A general feature of TeV-scale radiative seesaw models, in which tiny neutrino masses are generated via loop corrections, is an extended scalar (Higgs) sector. Another feature is the Majorana nature; e.g., introducing right-handed neutrinos with TeV-scale Majorana masses under the discrete symmetry, or otherwise introducing some lepton number violating interactions in the scalar sector. We study phenomenological aspects of these models at collider experiments. We find that, while properties of the extended Higgs sector of these models can be explored to some extent, the Majorana nature of the models can also be tested directly at the International Linear Collider via the electron–positron and electron–electron collision experiments.     

3D heliospheric simulations of cosmic rays in the light of Ulysses

Summary Recent Ulysses observations in the polar regions of the heliosphere have provided fundamental new insights into the modes of cosmic-ray transport in the heliosphere. Ulysses discovered variations in the magnetic field which are large enough to produce significant cosmic-ray effects, and which are consistent with a previous prediction. In addition to impeding the inward, radial diffusive and drift access of cosmic rays over the poles as discussed previously, the magnetic fluctuations imply a significantly larger latitudinal diffusion. These effects directly lead to both a much reduced latitudinal gradient and significant 27-day time variations near the pole. We conclude that the general picture of cosmic-ray transport and modulation developed over the past decade, with reasonable parameters, can account for most of the observed global, large-scale phenomena. Paper presented at the Special Session on the Ulysses mission of the XXIV International Cosmic-Ray Conference, Rome, August 28–September 8, 1995.