用于BFEL的多腔热阴极微波电子枪的设计研究

详细介绍了用于北京自由电子激光器(BFEL)的多腔热阴极微波电子枪的物理设计以及模拟计算结果,给出了出束及热测实验研究结果.该微波电子枪采用双周期轴耦合驻波加速结构,由四个加速腔组成,工作在π/2模,工作频率为2856MHz.该枪在设计中采用了缩短首腔以及增加腔间漂移段等设计思想,大大减小了电子反轰功率,并有效地调节了电子束团的纵向特性.     

双微波馈入热阴极微波电子枪实验研究

中国工程物理研究院紧凑型自由电子激光太赫兹源装置采用了两路微波独立调谐热阴极微波电子枪作为注入器,一路由首腔馈入激励首腔和实现阴极表面建场并引出电子,另一路由后续腔馈入并通过腔间耦合激励各腔,两路微波互不耦合。对于这种微波激励方式,微波电子枪首腔的电场相位和幅度在实验中均可调节,因此可以通过实验研究来优化微波电子枪的工作参数,从而减小热阴极微波电子枪的电子反轰效应,提高束流品质。介绍了该热阴极微波电子枪热测实验研究的最新结果,通过BCT测得微波电子枪出口处束流强度超过400mA,电子反轰效应随着首腔电场的相位和幅度调节发生显著变化,这些指标和实验现象与理论研究结果较为吻合。     

热阴极微波电子枪功率自洽过程分析

 用等效电路法分析了热阴极微波电子枪的功率自洽过程，给出了微波功率、无载耦合度、束流负载、加速腔参数之间的解析关系式和最佳耦合度的计算公式，阐明了无载耦合度与有载耦合度的关系，分析了枪宏脉冲内微波耦合状态的变化过程，并与实验结果进行了对比，对高占空因子热阴极微波电子枪调束实验中微波反射波形发生较大变化的实验现象进行了分析。     

(1/2+1/2+1)腔型热阴极微波电子枪

 介绍了一种新型的轴耦合热阴极微波电子枪的设计，该枪采用了缩短首腔以及在首腔与主加速腔间插入耦合半腔的设计思想，在不破坏粒子束性能的基础上尽量减小反轰功率，给出了用Superfish 及Pamela软件进行物理设计以及粒子动力学计算的结果，在脉冲宽度为6μs, 重复频率为25Hz时，阴极上平均反轰功率为3.6W,达到设计要求。     

X波段盘圈加速结构(DAW)优化设计

介绍了X波段DAW加速结构的优化过程.给出了利用SUPERFISH程序进行腔形优化的数学模型以及利用该模型对X波段DAW结构的优化设计结果.给出了利用MAFIA400程序对加支撑杆的DAW结构进行优化设计的结果,讨论了支撑杆对DAW结构微波特性的影响.同时,对DAW加速结构有无支撑杆的色散曲线分别进行了计算,对Washer支撑杆对DAW加速结构色散特性的影响进行了讨论.     

CRRFA-30L波段射频加速器

主要介绍CRRFA-30L波段射频加速器结构和性能，论述了热阴极射频腔注入器、束流加速系统、微波功率源和控制等结构中主要技术及其研究进展，给出了加速器输出束流参数测量与测量结果分析，达到设计应用要求。     

CRRFA-30L波段射频加速器

 主要介绍CRRFA-30L波段射频加速器结构和性能，论述了热阴极射频腔注入器、束流加速系统、微波功率源和控制等结构中主要技术及其研究进展，给出了加速器输出束流参数测量与测量结果分析，达到设计应用要求。     

X波段盘圆加速结构（DAW）优化设计

介绍了X波段DAW加速结构的优化过程,给出了利用SUPERFISH程序进行腔形优化的数学模型以及利用该模型对X波DAW结构的优化设计结果,给出了利用MAFLA400程序对加支撑杆的DAW结构进行优化设计的结果,讨论了支撑杆对DAW结构微波特性的影响,同时,对DAW加速结构有无支撑杆的色散曲线分别进行了计算,对Washer支撑杆对DAW加速结构色散特性的影响进行了讨论。     

微波电子枪外回路耦合度计算与实验研究

在热阴极微波电子枪的研制中, 为设计微波腔链与波导的耦合孔, 应用Derun Li等提出的``能量方法'进行模拟计算. 使用MAFIA计算微波电子枪第3腔与外回路馈电波导之间的耦合度, 从而设计连接波导与腔链的耦合孔, 使两者之间的耦合度满足需要. 该方法的计算结果与实验测量值的差别在10%—30%之间,满足 实际加工要求. 说明其对于驻波加速腔链与外回路耦合的设计计算是相当有效的.     

热阴极微波电子枪

本文首先介绍了高亮度注入器热阴极微波电子枪的发展情况和工作原理,然后对有关的物理及设计问题进行了讨论,给出部分模拟计算结果.并描述了实验研究的装置,给出了微波枪产生的电束流强,能谱等实验结果,该结果达到了设计要求.最后,讨论了热阴核微波枪存在的问题及改进方向.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.