生理液中血卟溶液状态的光谱研究

本文通过对血卟啉在生理条件下（ｐＨ＝７．２，Ｉ＝０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ）水溶液中的光谱变化研究，探讨了其在溶液中的聚集状态。应用Ｋａｓｈａ理论推算出血卟啉二聚体的面－面间距离为０．５２８ｎ铐，面间角为２０＾ｏ，平衡常数为２．８５×１０＾－６，研究了在光作用下，血卟啉－人血清白蛋白溶液体系的光谱特性。讨论了光谱特性与血卟啉在癌瘤光化学治疗机制间的关系。     

阴离子型水性聚氨酯分散液胶束粒径及形态的研究

用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二元醇、扩链剂(extender)通过“二步法”合成了阴离子型水性聚氨酯分散体。动态激光光散射对其胶束直径的测试结果表明,胶束的直径与聚氨酯结构中的二元醇/扩链剂摩尔比有密切的关系,同时也依赖于所用二元醇结构的亲水性。当聚氨酯结构中亲水单元与疏水单元的含量比处于某一数值时,胶束直径最小;亲水单元含量太多时,胶束因为水性介质的溶剂化作用而膨胀,直至成为溶液状态;当疏水性单元含量太多时,胶束因为水性介质的排斥而聚集沉淀。     

单链四苯酚基卟啉在CTAB胶束微环境中的去质子化现象

叶绿素分子的光能转化功能的实现与其聚集状态、所处微环境性质及条件密切相关[1,2]．如何设计控制叶琳类分子在膜介质中的增溶位置，对于研究叶琳在膜体系中的跨膜电子传递、光能转化过程具有重要意义．本文研究了长链双亲卟啉──单链四苯酚基叶琳THPPH2在CTAB胶束中的去质子化，该过程能控制叶琳环在胶束中的增溶位置，使其由内核转移到胶束表面．1实验部分1·1仪器和测试条件岛津UV－240型紫外可见光谱仪（带有恒温夹套），狭缝宽2nm，石英池厚1cm，所用试剂皆为分析纯．UV光谱测试均在恒温条件下进行．1．2溶液的配制含一个十六…     

生理液中金属血卟啉络合物的光谱研究

在人体的生理性能方面，从分子水平研究生命现象为分析化学提供了许多新的课题。卟啉类化合物与生命现象有着非常密切的联系，广存在于自然界中，它具有生物环境，配位化学等多重特殊性质。通过对微量元素－血卟啉，微量元素－血卟啉－人血清白蛋白溶液体系的光谱研究，探讨微量元素对血卟啉在生理条件下聚集状态以及对肿瘤光动力学治疗机制的影响。     

亚甲蓝在分子有序组合体中的聚集行为

研究了生物染色剂亚甲蓝(MB)在分子有序组合体(胶束、O/W微乳液和层状液晶)介质中的聚集行为。根据MB特征峰处的吸收光谱值，计算了MB的二聚平衡常数和相应单体、二聚体的摩尔消光系数。并用稳态荧光法和无外加探针的循环伏安法进一步论证了计算结果。研究发现，当MB总浓度一定时，在胶束体系中MB单体量较少，在层状液晶体系中单体量较多，在O/W微乳液体系中则介于胶束和层状液晶之间。表明层状液晶体系是获取更多MB单体的理想介质。     

生理液中血卟啉溶液状态的光谱研究

本文通过对血卟啉在生理条件下(pH=7.2,I=0.5mol/LNaCl)水溶液中的光谱变化研究,探讨了其在溶液中的聚集状态。应用Kasha理论推算出血卟啉二聚体的面-面间距离为0.528nm,面间夹角为20°,平衡常数为2.85×10^-6.研究了在光作用下,血卟啉-人血清白蛋白溶液体系的光谱特性,讨论了光谱特性与血卟啉在癌瘤光化学治疗机制间的关系。     

有序介质中二苯甲酰甲烷的酮醇互变异构

用紫外光谱研究了三苯甲酰甲烷在β-环糊精及离子型和非离子型胶束介质中的酮醇互变异构性质,β-环糊精的引入或胶束的形成使酮醇异构平衡向烯醇式方向移动.结果表明,用二苯甲酰甲烷的酮醇互变异构性质能够表征有序介质的微环境性质,确定表面活性物质的临界胶束浓度.     

球形嵌段共聚物胶束的温度效应

基于标度理论建立了嵌段共聚物溶剂体系的胶束模型，通过Flory-Huggins相互作用参数间接讨论了温度对胶束平衡性质的一般性影响.分析了胶束过渡区聚合物链的状态，通过分段的过渡区密度分布函数，考察了温度对聚集数、过渡区密度分布和胶束内外半径的影响.结果显示,温度升高使过渡区链状态呈现多种分层情况，并导致胶束聚集数的显著增加.但过渡区链状态的变化对过渡区密度的总体影响不显著，胶束的总体半径变化不大，表明过渡区溶剂随温度升高而逐渐“挤出”.理论预测与实验结果较一致.     

胶束介质中血卟啉—锌络合反应的动力学研究

通过体系荧光衰减曲线双指数拟合方法,研究了在阴离子型及中性表面活性剂介质中血卟啉-锌络合反应的动力学行为,提出了反应物与胶束、反应物之间的作用机理以及络合反应速率方程,并与四苯基卟吩-锌络合反应体系进行了比较,表明本方法具有一定的可靠性及实用性。     

亚甲蓝在分子有序组合体中的聚集行为

研究了生物染色剂亚甲蓝(MB)在分子有序组合体(胶束、O/W微乳液和层状液晶)介质中的聚集行为。根据MB特征峰处的吸收光谱值,计算了MB的二聚平衡常数和相应单体、二聚体的摩尔消光系数。并用稳态荧光法和无外加探针的循环伏安法进一步论证了计算结果。研究发现,当MB总浓度一定时,在胶束体系中MB单体量较少,在层状液晶体系中单体量较多,在O/W微乳液体系中则介于胶束和层状液晶之间。表明层状液晶体系是获取更多MB单体的理想介质。     

The decomposition of potassium persulphate used as initiator in emulsion polymerization

The decomposition rate of potassium persulphate in various aqueous solutions was measured by isotachophoresis using pure water, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution, emulsifier-free polystyrene emulsion, SDS solution containing acrylamide monomer or an SDS-containing emulsion polymerization system for styrene. “Free” SDS molecules in the monomolecular dispersed state were found to increase markedly the decomposition rate, whereas those which formed micelles and became adsorbed onto polystyrene particles did not increase it. The acceleration phenomenon in the former case disappeared in the presence of a small amount of monomer.     

Room-temperature and solution-state observation of the mixed-valence cation radical dimer of tetrathiafulvalene, [(TTF)2]+*, within a self-assembled cage

A mixed-valence state of the cation radical tetrathiafulvalene dimer, [(TTF)2]+*, is generated by the electrochemical oxidation of a stacked TTF dimer accommodated within an organic-pillared coordination cage. This mixed-valence species is remarkably stable (t1/2 = approximately 1 day at room temperature in aqueous solution under air) and clearly characterized by cyclic voltammogram and electronic absorption spectroscopy.     

罗丹明6G的溶液状态和荧光特性的研究

罗丹明6G的荧光性质和它的分子聚集态研究是一个重要的科研领域,所得之k_d值表明水溶液中形成罗丹明6G的双聚体。本文提出用荧光法测定k_d聚合常数,该法用于测定罗丹明6G的溶液状态.实验结果表明罗丹明6G双聚体解聚的某些规律,当单体与双聚体平衡趋于单体时,荧光灵敏度就会增加。     

The ethidium bromide dimer. Absorption and fluorescence properties in aqueous solutions

Absorption and fluorescence spectral changes of ethidium bromide in aqueous solutions of increasing concentration have been interpreted in terms of dimer formation. The dimerization constant and the dimer absorption properties have been found to depend on the ionic strength of the solution. The dimer is non-fluorescent. A further process of dimer formation has been hypothesized in the excited state to give account of the whole self-quenching effect measured. A dimer geometry has been proposed to interpret the dependence of the photophysical properties of the ethidium cation complexed with double strand DNA on the extent of binding.     

ABSORPTION AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON DIMERIZATION OF CHLOROALUMINUM (III) PHTHALOCYANINE TETRASULFONATE IN AQUEOUS ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS

Dimerization of chloroaluminum (III) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates (AIPCS) has been observed in different aqueous alcoholic solvents at room temperature by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Both absorption and fluorescence spectral bands of the dimer are red shifted by ca 550 cm^-1 from the monomer Q bands in the corresponding spectra, suggesting that the interaction energy between the two monomer subunits is very weak. The fluorescence lifetime of the dimer is longer ( ca 9.5 ns) than that of the monomer ( ca 7–8 ns). These spectral behaviors of AIPCS dimer contrast with those of transition-metallaloid phthalocyanine dimers, which usually have a nonfluorescent face-to-face stacking conformation. The dimer fluorescence is interpreted to be due to the fact that the lowest excited singlet state of the dimer is lower in energy than a charge-resonance state, based on the excitoncoupling theory applied to the face-to-face slipping conformation. The dimerization constant determined spectrometrically decreases with an increase of water content in the aqueous alcoholic solution. Propanol and ethanol have been observed to be more effective than methanol in promoting dimerization. These results indicate that a specific interaction of water with AIPCS plays an important role in the inhibition of dimerization of AIPCS.     

十二烷基硫酸钠对聚乙烯醇亚浓水溶液流变行为的影响

表面活性剂会影响聚乙烯醇(PVA)分子间及分子内氢键形成,进而改变其水溶液的流变响应.本文在确定十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)在PVA亚浓水溶液中的临界聚集浓度(CAC)和临界胶束浓度(CMCP)基础上,考察了SDS对PVA亚浓溶液(10 wt%)流变行为的影响.研究发现,不同浓度SDScsur对PVA水溶液稳态流变行为的影响差异较大:(1)当csur CMCP,随着csur增加,胶束起物理交联点作用,ηa增大,复合溶液的动态储能模量亦显著增大.加入SDS后,PVA体系内结合水的数目降低,但当csur> CMC后,结合水的数目几乎不变,黏流活化能也表现出相近的变化规律.与稀溶液相比,SDS对PVA亚浓溶液的降黏幅度较大.     

Effects of concentration and temperature on SDS monolayers at the air-solution interface studied by infrared external reflection spectroscopy

Infrared external reflection (IER) spectra of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) monolayers at the air-solution interface and infrared transmission spectra of the corresponding aqueous solutions were measured at various SDS concentrations and temperatures. A comparison between the spectra of adsorbed monolayers and bulk solutions revealed that the conformational order of the SDS alkyl-chain at the air-solution interface improved with increasing the SDS concentrations, up until the saturation adsorption, and that the conformational order of the adsorbed SDS monolayer was higher than those of monomers and micelles. In addition, below the Krafft point temperature, the adsorbed SDS was maintained in the liquid crystal state, while SDS in the bulk solution was in the crystalline state. Furthermore, the SDS adsorption density was evaluated based on the IER band intensities of the insoluble monolayer of tridecanoic acid with an identical alkyl chain length to SDS.     

重氮树脂型聚电解质复合物与SDS相互作用研究

由于聚电解质与表面活性剂的相互作用具有很多特别的性质而倍受关注［１～１０］,但具有感光性的重氮树脂作为正离子聚电解质与表面活性剂相互作用尚未见报道．本文研究了重氮树脂（ＤＲ）与聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（ＰＳＳ）形成的聚电解复合物（ＤＲ－ＰＳＳ）与十二烷基硫酸钠...     

Small-angle neutron scattering from mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate and a cationic, bolaform surfactant containing azobenzene

This paper reports on the microstructures formed in aqueous solutions containing mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a photosensitive, bolaform surfactant, bis(trimethylammoniumhexyloxy)azobenzene dibromide (BTHA). By using quasi-elastic light scattering and small-angle neutron scattering, we determined that aqueous solutions containing SDS and the trans isomer of BTHA (0.1 wt % total surfactant, 15 mol % BTHA, 85 mol % SDS) form vesicles with average hydrodynamic diameters of 1350 +/- 50 angstroms and bilayer thicknesses of 35 +/- 2 angstroms. The measured bilayer thickness is consistent with a model of the vesicle bilayer in which the trans isomer of BTHA spans the bilayer. Upon illumination with UV light, the BTHA underwent photoisomerization to produce a cis-rich photostationary state (80% cis isomer). We measured this photoisomerization to drive the reorganization of vesicles into cylindrical aggregates with cross-sectional radii of 19 +/- 3 angstroms and average hydrodynamic diameters of 240 +/- 50 angstroms. Equilibration of the cis-rich solution in the dark at 25 degrees C for 12 h or illumination of the solution with visible light leads to the recovery of the trans-rich photostationary state of the solution and the reformation of vesicles, thus demonstrating the potential utility of this system as the basis of a tunable fluid.