用于SERS基底的Au-Pd核壳纳米颗粒和银纳米立方颗粒的制备及表征(英文)

本文研究了尺寸可控的Au -Pd核壳纳米粒子和银纳米立方颗粒的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。发现Au-Pd核壳纳米粒子的增强能力要比粗糙的钯电极强;银纳米立方颗粒的增强能力和粗糙的银电极相当。更为重要的是,银纳米立方颗粒既具有原子级平整的小单晶面又处于纳米尺度,因而它们可以作为粗糙表面和结构确定的单晶表面之间的桥梁,对其SERS效应的研究可以加深人们对SERS机理的认识。     

Au标蛋白自组装表面增强拉曼光谱的研究

采用免疫Au标技术,用尺寸大约在13 nm的Au胶体颗粒标记了人血清蛋白(Human IgG),然后将Au标蛋白复合体固定在通过三氨基三乙氧基硅烷和戊二醛自组装单膜的Si片上。这种方法在基底表面上不仅牢固地固定了单层Au纳米颗粒标记的蛋白分子复合体而且提高了复合体的表面覆盖度,保持了生物分子的结构。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了Au标蛋白的自组装表面。实验结果表明Au标蛋白在Si片表面聚积形成一定的Au标蛋白分子的复合体“岛状”单层,并且在这些岛状单层上获得了很明显的标记蛋白的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)信号。文章在Si表面自组装了Au标蛋白分子,获得了较好的蛋白分子的SERS信号,提供了一种研究蛋白分子的SERS活性基底。     

纯Pd电极上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究及其机理初探

本文利用电化学氧化还原循环法粗糙纯Pd电极,以吡啶为探针分子,以632.8nm为激发光源,首次在其上面得到质量较好的SERS谱图,估算得到其表面增强因子可达103。扫描电镜结果表明这种粗糙表面是由50nm左右的纳米颗粒构成。更换不同的激发光源发现在514.5nm激光下,其SERS信号发生大幅衰减。利用时域有限差分法开展的理论计算表明表面等离子共振在Pd的表面增强中起着重要的作用。     

Au/TiO_2薄膜的光催化与表面增强拉曼散射性能研究

采用浸渍提拉法将预先合成的TiO2溶胶均匀涂覆在玻璃表面制膜,并在膜表面负载上具有高表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的Au纳米粒子,获得Au/TiO2多功能薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、拉曼(Raman)等表征手段,考察了Au/TiO2薄膜的结构、形貌与性能。所得Au/TiO2薄膜在UV灯辐照下可有效地降解罗丹明B等染料分子,其中Au粒子有效抑制了薄膜表面光生电子-空穴的复合,增强了光生载流子的分离效率,提高了薄膜的光催化性能。同时拉曼实验表明,Au/TiO2薄膜也是一种优秀的SERS检测基底。更为重要的是,Au/TiO2薄膜可通过UV灯照射"清洗"掉薄膜表面吸附的上组SERS实验中的检测分子,实现基底的循环利用,有望解决传统SERS基底一次性使用的缺陷。     

胞嘧啶在沉积激光烧蚀Ag纳米颗粒电极上的SERS分析

用Nd:YAG激光器在二次去离子水中烧蚀银片,制备出了尺度分布均匀、并且具有很好的稳定性的"化学纯净"的Ag胶体系,并在电化学体系中将这种银胶沉积在粗糙的银电极表面,研究了胞嘧啶分子吸附在沉积Ag纳米颗粒电极表面随电极电位改变的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。分析表明:(1)沉积银纳米颗粒的电极将金属电极与金属溶胶体系各自的优势很好的结合起来,形成了一种高效的SERS活性基底。(2)胞嘧啶在沉积银颗粒的电极表面以N3位竖直吸附,并且随着电位的负移,大多数SERS峰的位置发生了红移,表明胞嘧啶在电极表面吸附作用减弱。     

不同Ag壳厚度Au@Ag纳米粒子的调控制备表征及表面增强拉曼光谱的效应

采用化学还原法制备了以Au为核、包覆Ag的双金属核壳Au@Ag纳米粒子,并成功地用于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)分析测试。通过改变制备液中Ag/Au的量比来调控Ag壳包覆厚度。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)对Au@Ag纳米粒子的构貌进行表征。TEM显示明显存在核壳结构,且Ag壳层随Ag/Au的量比的增加而逐渐变厚;UV-Vis表明随着Ag/Au的量比的增加,Au@Ag纳米粒子出现了Au核与Ag壳吸收峰的2个等离子体共振峰,同时伴随着Au峰的蓝移和Ag峰的红移。以双甲脒为分析物,考察了不同Ag/Au的量比时的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性。结果表明,SERS活性随Ag/Au的量比的增加先增大后减小,在6∶5时其SERS增强效应最佳,此时Ag壳厚度约为6 nm。以对巯基苯胺(4-ATP)、结晶紫(CV)和双甲脒为分析测试对象,对比了Au@Ag、Ag、Au 3种基底的SERS活性。结果表明,所制备的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性要明显优于单纯的Au、Ag纳米粒子。     

银溶胶自组装表面增强光纤拉曼探针的研究

利用表面增强拉曼 (SERS)技术对光纤表面进行修饰 ,构造了表面增强光纤拉曼光谱传感器。选取了几个有代表性的分子作为检测样品 ,得到了低浓度样品的SERS光谱。结果表明 ,可以将制备SERS活性基底的方法移植到光纤表面来制备SERS活性光纤探针。     

785nm激光诱导银纳米三角片聚集表面增强拉曼散射效应

为实现表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱的强信号快速检测分析,报道了通过785 nm激光诱导银纳米三角片(AgNPRs)聚集的方法。采用配体辅助化学还原法制备了AgNPRs,其边长约为80 nm,表面等离子体吸收峰出现在约774 nm处,对785 nm光产生有效吸收。在785 nm光辐照下,AgNPRs逐渐聚集,对巯基苯甲酸的SERS信号逐渐增强,其源于AgNPRs吸收的光转化为热而引起的AgNPRs聚集。其增强因子高达109。为快速获得强SERS信号,激发光功率需大于250 mW。     

Fe2O3/Au/Ag磁性核壳纳米粒子的制备及其SERS研究

本文介绍了一种制备多功能磁性Fe2O3/Au/Ag纳米粒子的简捷方法, 制备的粒子直径大约在100 nm左右, 采用UV-vis和SEM对该结构进行了表征。并通过调节硝酸银的用量, 制备了一系列具有不同壳层厚度和表面结构的多重核壳纳米粒子。以苯硫酚(TP)为探针分子, 研究了不同银壳厚度的磁性纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。结果表明随Ag:Au比例的不断增加, 其SERS活性呈现先增大后减小的趋势, 这与表面结构的改变有关。     

Ag核Au壳复合纳米粒子为标记溶胶免疫检测的SERS研究

以种子生长法合成Ag核Au壳复合纳米粒子,苯硫酚分子(TP)在其表面的SERS增强随Au摩尔比例的增加呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,其最大增强为相应Ag纳米粒子的10倍。将标记分子TP,羊抗小鼠抗体固定在Ag核Au壳复合纳米粒子表面形成标记免疫溶胶,其与被基底捕获抗原分子发生免疫识别,通过TP分子的SERS信号进行免疫检测。     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Cavitation in trees

Sap is transported under tension (i.e. negative pressure) in trees, according to the tension-cohesion theory. Since water is physically instable under negative pressure, a risk of cavitation is possible. Techniques have been developed during the past two decennia to study cavitation in trees. Trees appear remarkably immune to cavitation events. Cavities form only when extreme water stresses occur or when sap freezes. Nucleation is heterogeneous in trees, presumably caused by the aspiration of air bubbles through conduit walls. Threshold xylem pressures for cavitation vary greatly between species, in concordance with the great functional and ecological diversity of trees. To cite this article: H. Cochard, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.     

Conductively cooled all-solid-state zigzag slab laser

A diode pumped, Q-switched Nd：YAG zigzag slab laser is developed using passive conduction cooling. Flat-flat and unstable resonators are adopted in this experiment. The 150-mJ multi-mode and 100-mJ single-mode laser outputs with pulse width of 10 ns are achieved, corresponding to optical efficiencies of 19% and 13%, respectively. The experimental result demonstrates that the laser has the property of compact structure, high efficiency, reliability, and high beam quality. The design of laser has a potential application in space environment.     

The nature of empirical constants in the equation relating the frequency of the stretching vibration of oh-groups to parameters of the [MO n ]-polyhedrons coordinating these groups

Institute of Physicoorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220603, Minsk, Ul. Surganova, 13, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 104–107, January–February, 1995.     

Quantitative analysis results of CE-1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ground base experiment

As the nearest celestial body to the earth, the moon has become a hot spot again in astronomy field recently. The element analysis is a much important subject in many lunar projects. Remote X-ray spectrometry plays an important role in the geochemical exploration of the solar bodies. Because of th equasi-vacuum atmosphere on the moon, which has no absorption of X-ray, the X-ray fluorescence analysis is an effective way to determine the elemental abundance of lunar surface. The CE-1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (CE-1/XFS) aims to map the major elemental compositions on the lunar surface. This paper describes a method for quantitative analysis of elemental compositions. A series of ground base experiments are done to examine the capability of XFS. The obtained results, which show a reasonable agreement with the certified values at a 30% uncertainty level for major elements, are presented.     

A new tuning procedure for the DTL RF field pattern

The DTL tank is a multi-cell cavity.In a fabricated tank,the measured average axial field E0 for each cell may obviously deviate from the designed value.It is generally thought the deviation is due to the errors in fabrication and assembly.But it is not always true.In this paper,it is shown that the deviation may already exist before fabrication in some cases.It is partly due to the imperfection of the current design procedures.A new design method is introduced to reduce the deviation in the design stage.     

Effect of oxygen on the optical properties of ZnSe in the region of 0.44–20 μm

Moscow Power Engineering Institute, 14, Krasnokazarmennaya Str., Moscow, GSP, 105835, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnois Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 646–651, July–August, 1996.