硫化镍和磷化镍的HDS加氢活性和稳定性

采用共沉淀法制备了高分散80％Ni/Al2O3催化剂,经350℃焙烧,得高分散NiO/Al2O3(NiO粒径～3 nm),将其以CS2硫化(310 ℃,4 h)或PPh3磷化(320 ℃,36 h),分别获得了高分散的硫化镍(Ni3S2和Ni3S4,5.8 nm)和Ni2P(7.0 nm),在二苯并噻吩(DBT)的加氢...     

Ni2P负载量对Ni2P/Ce-Al2O3催化剂结构及萘加氢性能的影响

采用程序升温还原法制备了一系列Ni₂P/Ce-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了制备过程中Ni₂P负载量对催化剂结构及萘加氢饱和性能的影响。结果表明,Ni₂P负载量可调控活性组分Ni₂P与载体Ce-Al₂O₃之间的相互作用,进而调变催化剂的比表面积、Ni₂P粒径及催化剂活性位点数量。当Ni₂P负载量（质量分数）为17%时,催化剂具有较大的比表面积（40 m²/g）、较小的Ni₂P粒径（26.3 nm）和最多的活性位点数量（26.7 μmol/g）;同时,该催化剂萘转化率为95%,十氢萘选择性为76%,且活性稳定性良好,这主要归因于催化剂大的比表面积和高的活性位点数量为反应提供了更多的场所。     

Ni2P加氢脱硫催化剂

环境法规对硫氧化物脱出的限制日益严格以及原油品质的不断下降,使得有必要研发高效的加氢脱硫催化剂。Ni2P由于具有优异的加氢脱硫活性和稳定性,引起了广泛的关注。本文综述了Ni2P加氢脱硫催化剂的特性、反应活性相、制备方法、改进和加氢脱硫活性等方面的研究进展。在Ni2P中存在两种不同的初始活性位,四面体几何构型的Ni(1)初始活性位在加氢脱硫反应中参与直接脱硫反应,四方锥几何构型的Ni(2)初始活性位则与催化剂的高加氢活性有关。在加氢脱硫反应中,催化剂表面生成的NixSyP相被认为是真正的活性相。制备Ni2P的方法主要是程序升温还原和液相合成。载体、助剂和络合剂对Ni2P活性相的形成和催化剂的活性有重要影响。相比于商用硫化物催化剂,Ni2P催化剂对噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩均表现出更高的加氢脱硫活性。     

低温条件下无定型硅铝的硅铝比对Ni2P催化剂制备的影响

采用分步沉淀法制备了SiO₂和不同质量硅铝比(包括9/1,8/2,7/3和6/4)的无定型SiO₂-Al₂O₃(ASA),采用饱和体积共浸渍和程序升温还原法制备Ni₂P/ASA催化剂,以X射线衍射(XRD)、普通红外(FT-IR),N₂吸附脱附、H₂还原脱附(H₂-TPR)和透射电镜(TEM)对载体和催化剂进行表征,重点考察了低温条件下不同硅铝比以及比表面积大小对Ni₂P相生成的影响。结果表明,在低温条件下,载体中氧化铝含量增多,生成Ni₂P相所需的P含量越多。原因是磷首先与氧化铝生成AlPO₄相,阻碍了富磷气氛的生成,而生成Ni₂P相必须在富P的气氛下进行,从而在铝含量较多的载体中必须加入更多的P含量才能生成纯Ni₂P相。而TEM结果则表明,AlPO₄相的生成反过来促进了Ni₂P颗粒尺寸的降低,有利于催化剂的分散。载体比表面积大小对Ni₂P相的生成影响不大。     

Photocatalytic conversion of NOx on AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst

The rate of NO conversion under UV illumination was evaluated over Ag/Al₂O₃ and AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalysts at room temperature. The AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalyst is highly active for the conversion of NO_x. The conversion is enhanced in the presence of O₂ and further enhanced when oxygen coexists with hydrocarbons. Diffuse reflectance spectra of AgCl/Al₂O₃ and Ag/Al₂O₃ show an absorption band at 250 nm, and a weak and broad band at 230 nm, respectively. The high photocatalytic NO_x conversion is achieved over the AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The conversion level of NO_x is maintained above 60% over 5 h in the presence of O₂ and hydrocarbons under UV-irradiation. The absorption band at 250 nm is ascribed to the band gap energy of crystallized AgCl particles on Al₂O₃. These results suggest that high photocatalytic NO_x conversion proceeds on crystallized AgCl particles formed on Al₂O₃.     

制备方法对Ni2P/SiO2催化剂结构及萘加氢性能的影响

采用程序升温还原法和次磷酸盐歧化法制备了Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂,结合现代仪器分析表征技术,研究了制备方法对Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂结构和萘加氢性能的影响。结果表明,两种方法均可制备出仅含Ni_2P活性相的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂,在反应温度340℃、氢气压力4 MPa、空速为20.8 h~(-1)下,程序升温还原法制备的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂表现出更高的萘加氢活性,这主要是因为程序还原法制备的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂中有更多Ni_2P物种生成,提供了较多的活性位点(CO吸附量21.6μmol/g);且催化剂表面弱酸位点多,有利于芳烃吸附。当选用程序升温还原法制备Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂时,在保证生成纯相Ni_2P的前提下,较低的Ni/P比更有利于合成高加氢活性的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂。     

TiO2对Ni/Al2O3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO₂含量的NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO₂质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450 ℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO₂能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl₂O₄物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。     

铝源对Ni/Al2 O3催化剂结构及其CO2-CH4重整性能的影响

以三种不同铝源采用溶液燃烧法制备了系列Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂,通过XRD、H_2-TPR、NH_3-TPD、N_2吸附-脱附、TGDTG和TPH等分析方法对反应前后催化剂进行了表征,研究了铝源对Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂结构、表面性质及其CO_2-CH_4重整性能的影响。结果表明,以Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为铝源制备的NiNO-AlNO催化剂比表面积较大,达102 m~2/g;高温还原峰面积大,峰型更为弥散;且载体Al_2_O_3具有一定的结晶性。而以Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O和AlCl_3·6H_2O为铝源制备的NiNO-AlSO和NiNO-AlCl催化剂,其载体以无定型Al_2O_3存在,活性组分Ni晶粒粒径大、分散性差,还原峰面积较小,与载体的相互作用较弱。其中,由于硫酸铝较为稳定,需要在更高温度下才能转化为Al_2O_3,且所制备NiNO-AlSO催化剂中残留有含硫物质,使得其表面酸性较强。评价结果显示,NiNO-AlNO催化剂活性较高,稳定性好,CH4转化率为31.21%,CO_2转化率为48.97%。积炭分析结果发现,NiNO-AlNO催化剂表面积炭量最少,沉积炭主要以无定型态存在,具有良好的抗积炭性能。     

Improvement of stability of a Fe/Mg/Al2O3 catalyst for the decomposition of methane in the presence of O2/CO2

The stability of an Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst in the methane decomposition in the presence of O₂/CO₂ was found to be improved by the addition of Mg into the catalyst (Mg/Fe=1/1 wt ratio), probably due to suppression of carbon deposition even under CH₄/ O₂/CO₂ (80/10/5 vol. ratio) conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of electron beam irradiation on CO2 reforming of methane over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts

The effect of electron beam irradiation on the CO₂ reforming of methane over Ni/Al₂O₃ was investigated. The conversion rate of CO₂ and CH₄ forming H₂ and CO using various catalysts irradiated with an absorbed dose greater than 2 MGy was 5–10% higher than when using an untreated catalyst. The Ni/O ratio on the catalyst surface increased after treatment with an electron beam, and was more prominent for catalysts with a higher Ni content. As such, based on XRD and XPS measurements, electron beam treatment was found to result in either the desorption of oxygen from NiO or the removal of OH groups from the outermost surface layer of the catalyst. In addition, the concentration of active sites, such as Ni²⁺ and NiO, or surface defects was also found to increase with the absorbed radiation dose, thereby increasing the conversion rate.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO over metal oxide or noble metal-doped In2O3/Al2O3 catalysts by propene in the presence of oxygen

The activities of metal oxide CuO, SnO₂, CoO, Ag₂O, ZnO or noble metal Pt, Pd, Rh-doped In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene were investigated. The temperature windows for NO reduction over noble metal-doped In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts were shifted and broaden slightly compared with single component catalyst alone. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.