Thiosteroids—XXXV : Diastereomers of steroidal thiolsulfinates

17β-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-2α,3α-anti(R)-episulfoxide on treatment with methanol and ethanol in the presence of a trace amount of sulfuric acid gave diastereomers of bis((2β-methoxy- and 2β-ethoxy-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3α-yl) disulfide S-monoxides respectively. The absolute configuration of the compounds was established by their Grignard reactions leading to diastereomeric phenyl sulfoxides stereoaspecifically.     

On the Chemistry of the Resveratrol Diastereomers

Summary.  The (E)- and (Z)-diastereomers of resveratrol were investigated with respect to their photochemical and thermal diastereomerization reactions. The free enthalpy difference between the two diastereomers was estimated to be in the order of common stilbenes, with the (E)-diastereomer more stable by about 11–14 kJ mol⁻¹. The Arrhenius activation barrier of about 280 kJ mol⁻¹ was found to be quite high and implies that thermal equilibration cannot account for the (Z)-diastereomer found in nature. A preparative access to the (Z)-diastereomer by photodiastereomerization is described. The ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of the two diastereomers were assigned and their absorption spectra and fluorescence quantum yields of the neutral and monodeprotonated species were determined. Corresponding author. E-mail: heinz.falk@jku.at Received October 15, 2002; accepted November 7, 2002 Published online February 20, 2003     

Synthesis of All Enantiomerically Pure Diastereomers of Aprepitant

Syntheses of all eight enantiomerically pure diastereomers of aprepitant and assignment of absolute configuration at newly generated stereocenters by NMR and x-ray crystallographic analysis were achieved.     

Synthesis and Isolation of Diastereomers of Optically Active Cyclomercurated Ferrocenylimines

IntroductionOrganomercurials have been used extensively in organic synthesis and synthesis of other organometallics due to their ability to accommodate practically all the important organic functional groups and their ease in undergoing transmetallation for syntheses of transition metal organometallics which are very useful in organic synthesis. Recently, we reported the synthesis of optically active 1,2-disubstituted cyclomercurated ferrocenylimines by transmetallation reaction of planar chir…     

Observation of Diastereomers by 199Hg NMR

The diastereomeric parts of HgP bonded Hg[P(O)(OBuⁿ)ph]₂ give rise to different ¹⁹⁹Hg NMR patterns. No enantiomeric discrimination occurs in the synthesis. Ligand redistribution reactions prevent the separation of the diastereomers.     

Diastereomers of N-alpha-phenylethyl-t-butylsulfinamide: absolute configurations and predominant conformations

N-alpha-Phenylethyl-t-butylsulfinamide is a complicated system for determining molecular stereochemistry because of numerous possibilities for assigning the absolute configuration and a predominant conformation. Two diastereomers of N-alpha-phenylethyl-t-butylsulfinamide derived from (-)-(S)-alpha-phenylethyl amine, a (+)-diastereomer and a (-)-diastereomer, have been synthesized and their experimental chiroptical spectroscopic properties have been measured. These properties include vibrational circular dichroism, electronic circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion. Using these experimental data, in conjunction with corresponding density functional theoretical predictions, the absolute configuration and predominant conformations of these two diastereomers have been determined. Also, the absolute configuration of (-)-diastereomer has been independently confirmed by determining its structure from X-ray diffraction data.     

用毛细管色谱分离非对映体化合物的研究

不对称合成反应的迅速发展使各种对映异构体和非对映异构体的分离及纯度测定显得越来越重要。由于这些化合物只是个别原子空间排列不同,分子式和原子连接方式均相同,所以分离较困难。虽然高分辨核磁共振仪可以分析非对映异构体,但它有要求1mg以上纯品才能测定的缺点。而用毛细管色谱测定分子量较低的非对映异构体时,只需要微量的粗品就能快速、直观地看出异构体的相对含量。因此我们在用毛细管色谱分离几何异构体的基础     

用层析法分离磷酸酯基化学修饰的二核苷酸的非对映异构体

本文报道用高效液相色谱法和高效薄层色谱法分离磷酸醌基化学修饰的二核苷酸二尿苷硼烷磷酸酯，二胸苷硫代磷酸酯，二（２＇－脱氧－２＇－氟）尿苷及胞苷硫代磷酸酯的非对映异构体，所得到的非对映异构体的ＲＦ值和＾３１Ｐ－ＮＭＲ化学移植之间的关系符合一般规律，即移动快的异构体有较高的位移植，移动慢的异构体有较的化学位移植。     

Synthesis of New Cyclic Phosphate of Arylglyoxylonitrile Oximeand Their Diastereomers

Aspartofourinterestintheemergenceofnewcompoundsinthetieldofagrocllemicalsmanut'acttlring.wehavesynthesizedaseriesofstructurallyrelatedcompoundsbelongingtothet\\'Ofollowingfamiliesf1.3.2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oneandoximeester'.Thec}'clicphosphateintroducedinourtargetmoleculecouldserveasbothanewcarrierandanactivepal-tofthemolecule.trails-2-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-51.3.2-dioxaphosphorinaneI).,II7s-liseasily'obtainedbyrefluxinga1llixtureofl,3-propandiolsandPOCI;illdichloromethene--.Thereactionofir…     

Retention and Thermodynamic Studies of Piperazine Diastereomers in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

The effect of organic modifier concentration on retention and selectivity of two piperazine diastereomers in a typical n-octadecyl-bonded silica (ODS) column was investigated at pH 6.4 and pH 3.0 using phosphate-buffered acetonitrile (MeCN/H₂O) and methanol (MeOH/H₂O) mobile phases. The results show the logarithmic retention factors decrease with increasing organic concentration in a less rectilinear fashion in the MeCN/H₂O system than in the MeOH/H₂O system at high organic concentrations at both pHs. At pH 6.4, the MeOH/H₂O system provided significantly higher diastereomer selectivity than the MeCN/H₂O system, which can be ascribed to the hydrogen bonding interaction of methanol (as a hydrogen donor) with the piperazine amine moiety of the solute (as a hydrogen acceptor). At pH 3.0, both mobile phases provided high selectivity, in which both acetonitrile and methanol acted as hydrogen acceptors, while the protonated amine acted as the hydrogen donor. The effect of temperature on retention and selectivity was also studied in the two mobile phase systems at both pHs. It was found that at pH 6.4 the retention and selectivity were enthalpically driven in the MeOH/H₂O system, while entropically driven in the MeCN/H₂O system. However, the retention was entropically driven and the selectivity enthalpically driven in both systems at pH 3.0. Locally preferential solvating and hydrogen bonding effects are proposed to explain the anomalous retention and selectivity behaviors.     

Role of Cationization and Multimers Formation for Diastereomers Differentiation by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Stereochemistry plays an important role in biochemistry, particularly in therapeutic applications. Indeed, enantiomers have different biological activities, which can have important consequences. Many analytical techniques have been developed in order to allow the identification and the separation of stereoisomers. Here, we focused our work on the study of small diastereomers using the coupling of traveling wave ion mobility and mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) as a new alternative for stereochemistry study. In order to optimize the separation, the formation of adducts between diastereomers (M) and different alkali cations (X) was carried out. Thus, monomers [M + X]⁺ and multimers [2M + X]⁺ and [3M + X]⁺ ions have been studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Moreover, it has been shown that the study of the multimer [2Y + M + Li]⁺ ion, in which Y is an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand, allows the diastereomers separation. The combination of cationization, multimers ions formation, and IM-MS is a novel and powerful approach for the diastereomers identification. Thus, by this technique, diastereomers can be identified although they present very close conformations in gaseous phase. This work presents the first TWIMS-MS separation of diastereomers, which present very close collision cross section thanks to the formation of multimers and the use of an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand.

Excited States Symmetry Breaking and In-Plane Polarization Cause Chiral Reversal in Diastereomers

In this work, we investigate the electronic transitions and chirality of three isomers of huge conjugated systems: asymmetric diastereomers (MMMM) and two symmetrical diastereomers (PMPM and PPMM). The physical mechanism of flipping has been studied theoretically. The new ribbon-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) molecule is formed by connecting three graphene-like systems with large conjugated π orbitals. By calculating and analyzing electromagnetic interaction decomposition over distance, it can be found that the chirality reversal of different energies is caused by the symmetrical fracture of TMDM in the Z direction. The chirality reversal at the same energy is caused by the in-plane polarization of the TMDM along the Y direction.     

分子印迹手性整体柱的制备及对非对映异构体的分离

 采用原位分子印迹技术 ,单步制备了一种辛可宁印迹的手性整体柱。为了提高柱效和选择性 ,选择了相对低极性的甲苯 /十二醇复合致孔体系。在等度及梯度洗脱条件下 ,非对映异构体辛可宁与辛可尼丁被完全分离。等度洗脱中相对较宽的峰可以在梯度洗脱中得到改善。同时考察了流动相中醋酸浓度、流速以及温度对分离的影响。由于柱中存在大的流通孔 ,大大降低了分离过程中的柱压降 ,从而使这种柱能够在相对高的流速下使用。提高温度可以提高分离因子 ,在 60℃获得最大分离因子 5 40。     

Prediction of Gas-chromatographic Elution Sequence of Diastereomers and Enantiomers Using the Molecular Dynamics Methods

A possibility was demonstrated of predicting elution sequence in gas chromatography for diastereomers (on standard phases) and enantiomers (on chiral phases, in particular, on cyclodextrins derivatives) in keeping with decreasing intramolecular vibration and rotation energies E estimated by computer simulation using the molecular dynamics methods. To characterize enantiomers by this method a hypothetic modification of molecular structure was suggested by introducing additional chiral substituent of R-configuration.     

Separation and Determination of Stereoisomeric Impurity of Folinic Acid Diastereomers by CE with Vancomycin as a Selector

A highly sensitive and rapid method was developed that involves capillary electrophoresis for separation and determination of the stereoisomeric impurity of folinic acid diastereomers. In this method, vancomycin was used as the chiral selector, and a solution of poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) was prepared for dynamic coating of the capillary wall to minimize the adsorption of vancomycin. This method was optimized for six factors including concentrations of the organic modifier and vancomycin, pH and concentration of the background electrolyte, column temperature, and separation voltage. The following conditions were established: 100 mM Tris-phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 1.0 mM vancomycin and 5 % acetonitrile at 30 °C, and −15 kV applied voltage on the PDMA dynamically coated capillary. Preliminary validation was performed with the determination of limit of quantification and detection, accuracy, precision, and linearity. Under our optimized method, the folinic acid diastereomers were baseline-separated within 7.5 min, and a (6S,2′S)-calcium folinate sample with 0.08 % stereoisomeric impurity was determined.

     

A Facile Method for the Separation of Methionine Sulfoxide Diastereomers,Structural Assignment,and DFT Analysis

Methionine (Met) oxidation is an important biological redox node, with hundreds if not thousands of protein targets. The process yields methionine oxide (MetO). It renders the sulfur chiral, producing two distinct, diastereomerically related products. Despite the biological significance of Met oxidation, a reliable protocol to separate the resultant MetO diastereomers is currently lacking. This hampers our ability to make peptides and proteins that contain stereochemically defined MetO to then study their structural and functional properties. We have developed a facile method that uses supercritical CO₂ chromatography and allows obtaining both diastereomers in purities exceeding 99 %. ¹H NMR spectra were correlated with X-ray structural information. The stereochemical interconversion barrier at sulfur was calculated as 45.2 kcal mol⁻¹, highlighting the remarkable stereochemical stability of MetO sulfur chirality. Our protocol should open the road to synthesis and study of a wide variety of stereochemically defined MetO-containing proteins and peptides.     

Synthesis of Four Diastereomers of Sclerophytin F and Structural Reassignment of Several Sclerophytin Natural Products

Synthesis of the triol that has been proposed to be the marine natural product sclerophytin F has been completed along with the syntheses of three diastereomers. Comparison of the NMR spectroscopic data for all four compounds to the data reported for the natural product reveals that sclerophytin F is not the 3S diastereomer of sclerophytin A as proposed by Friedrich and Paquette. Re‐analysis of the NMR spectroscopic data for known sclerophytin natural products and synthetic analogues leads to the conclusion that sclerophytins E and F are the same compound. This finding has allowed structural reassignment of several other cladiellin natural products.     

原位分子印迹毛细管电色谱柱的制备及其对非对映异构体的分离

采用原位聚合的方法直接在毛细管柱中合成出辛可宁印迹聚合物。该聚合物与毛细管内壁共价结合连为一体形成整体式毛细管柱,扫描电镜显示其具有大的流通孔结构。采用压力辅助毛细管电色谱模式拆分了非对映异构体抗疟药物辛可宁和辛可尼丁,柱效远高于其在高效液相色谱分离中的柱效。考察了电压、 外压 、温度 、 流动相表观pH值和乙腈含量对分离结果的影响。通过对上述条件的优化,可以在2 min内完成辛可宁和辛可尼丁的快速分离。