二维磁通随机钉扎系统动力学行为的数值模拟

本文利用数值模拟的方法,研究在Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ 驱动力作用下,随机钉扎环境中运动的二维磁通点阵的动力学行为．通过对不同随机分布点钉扎中心密度和不同磁通间相互作用强度的研究,发现磁通点阵存在从弹性区向塑性区的渡越（ｃｒｏｓｓｏｖｅｒ） , 并且这种渡越强烈依赖于磁通之间及磁通与钉扎之间的相互作用．随着钉扎中心密度的增加及磁通间相互作用强度的减弱,临界钉扎力增强．模拟结果与最近实验结果定性一致．部分结果偏离集体钉扎理论     

熔融织构YBa_2Cu_3O_x中碰通钉扎的各向异性及211相对钉力的影响

通过测量不同温度的磁滞回线和不同温度、不同磁场下的磁弛豫，对熔融织构ＹＢａ２ＣＵ３Ｏｘ样品的钉扎各向异性及２１１含量对钉扎力的影响进行了研究（外加磁场分别平行和垂直于Ｃ轴），发现熔融织构样品的钉扎力具有强各向异性，这是由钉扎中心形状的各向异性导致的．临界电流随２１１含量的增加反而降低，表明在这些样品中２１１相颗粒及其周围的缺陷对磁通钉扎起负作用．仅当外场平行于ｃ轴时，才能观察到鱼尾效应，表明这些样品中至少存在两种钉扎中心．     

含有多种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体在其单个钉扎区域的钉扎机制

本文中，我们提出了一个关于含有多种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体在其单个钉扎中心的钉扎机制的理论，并讨论了具有两种钉扎中心的层状高温超导体的钉扎机制和临界电流密度．我们发现在强、弱钉扎中心之间存在着相互竞争，并解释了临界电流密度在低场区域随磁场增加而迅速降低的现象．     

熔融织构YBa2Cu3Ox中磁通钉扎的各向异性及211相对钉力的影响

通过测量不同温度的磁滞回线和不同温度、不同磁场下的磁驰豫，对熔融织物ＹＢａ２ＣｕＯｘ样品的钉扎各向异性及２１１含量钉扎力的影响进行了研究（外加磁场分别平行和垂直于Ｃ轴），发现熔融织构样品的钉扎力具有强各向异性，这是由钉扎中心形状的各向异性导致的、临电流随２１１含量的增加反而降低，表明在这些样品中２１１相颗粒及其周围的缺陷对磁通钉扎起负作用，仅当外场平行于Ｃ轴时，才能观察到鱼尾效应，表明这些样品中至     

无序超导体磁通运动的两次退钉扎效应和重新进入超导相

考虑平面内和不同平面磁通之间的相互作用力，计算了无序各向异性超导体中磁通运动的平均速度、微分电阻随驱动力F_l的变化规律，用层间关联函数C_z的值来判断2D塑性流动和3D关联流动的运动图像.观察到随着外驱动力的增大微分电阻出现两个尖峰，它对应着磁通运动存在两次退钉扎现象.在一定层间耦合条件下，在微分电阻双峰之间，可观察到重新进入微分电阻为零的钉扎相.这与最近实验上新发现的无序弱钉扎超导体有重新进入超导相的巨大峰值效应相吻合.同时，也可发现随着驱动电流的增大，磁通运动出现由2D塑性流动到3D弹性流动的相变，这一维度的变化对应着微分电阻dV/dI曲线中的二次峰位置. 并证明当层间耦合(即代表磁场的大小)在一定范围时，3D-2D相变对应的临界电流随磁场的增大而增大, 反映了第二磁化峰附近的磁通格子软硬度改变的微观图像. 关键词： 第Ⅱ类超导体 磁通线格子 钉扎 峰值效应     

磁通钉扎效应浅释

第二类超导体中,晶体缺陷与磁通线之间的相互作用力能阻滞磁通线的自由运动,叫做对磁通线的钉扎力.晶体缺陷叫做钉扎中心,简称钉点.每个钉点的钉扎力叫元钉扎力(f).单位体积中所有f的矢量和叫宏观钉扎力密度,简称宏观钉扎力(F).设单位体积中元钉扎力为fi的钉点有ni个,则　　　　.由于fi及F的存在而导致的一切宏观不可逆性质,如临界电流,磁滞现象,交流损耗等等都是“钉扎效应”的表现.对钉扎效应的理解包括元钉扎力f的产生及它们与宏观钉扎力F的关系.在对所有fi求和而得到F的问题中又与磁通线阵的性质有关.所以影响第二类超导体中宏观钉扎…     

高温超导体相对定量的磁通钉扎力分析

为了更准确地分析高温超导体在高温如液氮温区的磁通钉扎机制，基于Dew—Hughes模型，对传统的钉扎力标度方法进行了改进，发展了钉扎力密度的多源分析方法．在高温超导体中芯钉扎机制处于主导地位，由正常相和Ginzburg参量(△k)变化引起的点、面和体缺陷在改进分析方法中均将考虑．论中通过几个Bi-2223／Ag带材的钉扎力分析实例对传统的单函数方法和改进多源分析方法进行了比较．结果表明，采用多源分析方法可以更准确地给出样品中起作用的钉扎机制的信息，例如，样品中对磁通钉扎有贡献钉扎中心类型及其相对强度等．     

模锁定台阶:二维磁通点阵的交流响应

本数值研究点钉扎中心随机分布的二维磁通点阵的交流响应．我们在模拟的电压-电流(直流)曲线上发现了模锁定台阶．伴随台阶的产生，直流微分电阻出现负的极大值．该结果与实验符合的很好．     

纳米脱溶相改善铋系2223银包套带材磁场下的输运性能

通过后期的氧气氛退火工艺,在Ｂｉ２２２３／Ａｇ 包套带材中引入纳米脱溶相,使得材料磁通钉扎能力显著提高,改善了输运性能．ＸＲＤ 和ＳＥＭ 分析表明退火过程中,从（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）２２２３ 基体晶粒内脱溶出的细小第二相粒子．钉扎力的标度表明这些细小的纳米脱溶相在材料中引入额外的钉扎中心,提高了材料的磁通钉扎能力     

葡萄糖掺杂对MgB2钉扎机制的影响

本文通过磁性测量获得了葡萄糖掺杂MgB2块材样品的临界电流密度Jc,并利用集体钉扎模型分析了掺杂对其磁通钉扎机制的影响．研究发现,在纯样中δTc钉扎为主导钉扎机制;而在掺杂样品中,随着掺杂量的增加础钉扎所占比重逐渐增大到90％．剩余电阻率的计算结果也验证了掺杂样品中的钉扎机制变化．我们推断础钉扎主要是由碳对硼位掺杂引起...     

Depinning dynamics of two-dimensional magnetized colloids on a substrate with periodic pinning centers

We study, by Langevin simulations, the depinning dynamics of two-dimensional magnetized colloids on a substrate with periodic pinning centers. When the number ratios of pinnings to colloids are 1:1 matching and at finite temperature, we find for the first time crossovers from plastic flow through elastic smectic flow to elastic crystal flow near the depinning with increasing the pinning strength. There exists a power-law scaling relationship between the average velocity of colloids and the external driving force for all the three types of flows. It is found that the critical driving force and the power-law scaling exponent as well as the average intensity of Bragg peaks are invariant basically in the region of elastic smectic flow. We also examine the temperature effect and it reveals that the above dynamic moving phases and their transitions could be attributed to the interplay between thermal fluctuation and pinning potential. At sufficiently low temperature, the thermal fluctuation could be neglected and the colloids near the depinning move in the elastic crystal flow no matter what the pinning strength. In addition, the number of pinning centers is changed and when it is close to the number of colloids, there appears a peak in the critical driving force and a dip in the power-law scaling exponent, respectively. The peak and dip are more pronounced for higher pinning strength.     

Depinning dynamics of driven colloids with random pinning： a numerical study

Using Langevin simulations, we have investigated numerically the depinning dynamics of driven two-dimensional colloids subject to the randomly distributed point-like pinning centres. With increasing strength of pinning, we find a crossover from elastic to plastic depinnings, accompanied by an order to disorder transition of state and a substantial increase in the depinning force. In the elastic regime, no peaks are found in the differential curves of the velocity－force dependence (VFD) and the transverse motion is almost none. In addition, the scaling relationship between velocity and force is found to be valid above depinning. However, when one enters the plastic regime, a peak appears in the differential curves of VFD and transverse diffusion occurs above depinning. Furthermore, history dependence is found in the plastic regime.     

Colloidal dynamics on disordered substrates

Using Langevin simulations, we examine driven colloids interacting with quenched disorder. For weak substrates the colloids form an ordered state and depin elastically. For increasing substrate strength, we find a sharp crossover to inhomogeneous depinning and a substantial increase in the depinning force, analogous to the peak effect in superconductors. The velocity versus driving force curve shows criticality at depinning, with a change in scaling exponent occurring at the order to disorder crossover. Upon application of a sudden pulse of driving force, pronounced transients appear in the disordered regime which are due to the formation of long-lived colloidal flow channels.     

Unusual resistivity broadening in the mixed state of NdBa2Cu3O7−δ crystals grown by a crystal-pulling technique

In order to clarify the origin of a strong peak effect in the magnetization curve of NdBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ crystals, we investigated the superconductivity transition behavior of the in-plane resistivity in static magnetic fields up to 8 T. Comparing the results for the samples exhibiting and not exhibiting the peak effect, we found that the former (peak effect sample) shows lower resistivity above the vortex melting temperature. This implies that the pinning force is effective in the vortex liquid state. We also found that the normal state resistivity behaviors of some samples were unusual, indicating inhomogeneous current flow. These results suggest an existence of sheet-like pinning centers perpendicular to the conduction planes.     

Numerical Study on Depinning Dynamics of Fluids Interacting with Disorder

We investigate the depinning of two-dimensional fluids interacting with quenched disorder, based on Langevin simulations. For weak disorder the fluids depin elastically and flow in an ordered state. A power-law scaling lit between velocity and driving force can be obtained for the onset of motion in the elastic regime. This is in good agreement with that of colloid, charge density wave, and superconducting vortex systems. With an increasing strength of the disorder, we find a sharp crossover to plastic de. Pinning, accompanied by a substantial increase in the depinning force. The scaling fit obtained in the elastic regime becomes invalid when plastic flow occurs. In the plastic regime, the fluids flow in channels and the hexatic order decays exponentially with drives.     

Numerical Study on Depinning Dynamics of Fluids Interacting with Disorder

We investigate the depinning of two-dlmensional fluids interacting with quenched disorder, based on Langevin simulations. For weak disorder the fluids depin elastically and flow in an ordered state. A power-law scaling fit between velocity and driving force can be obtained for the onset of motion in the elastic regime. This is in good agreement with that of colloid, charge density wave, and superconducting vortex systems. With an increasing strength of the disorder, we find a sharp crossover to plastic depinning, accompanied by a substantial increase in the depinning force. The scaling fit obtained in the elastic regime becomes invalid when plastic flow occurs. In the plastic regime, the fluids flow in channels and the hexatic order decays exponentially with drives.     

Nonequilibrium forces between dragged ultrasoft colloids

The dynamical deformation of ultrasoft colloids as well as their dynamic frictional forces are numerically investigated, when one colloid is dragged past another at constant velocity. Hydrodynamic interactions are captured by a particle-based mesoscopic simulation method. At vanishing relative velocity, the equilibrium repulsive force-distance curve is obtained. At large drag velocities, in contrast, we find an apparent attractive force for departing colloids along the dragging direction. The deformation, in the close encounter of colloids, and the energy dissipation are examined as a function of the drag velocity and their separation.     

Mode locking in ac-driven vortex lattices with random pinning

We find mode-locking steps in simulated current-voltage characteristics of ac-driven vortex lattices with random pinning. For low frequencies there is mode locking above a finite ac force amplitude, while for large frequencies there is mode locking for any small ac force. This is correlated with the nature of temporal order in the different regimes in the absence of ac drive. The mode-locked state is a frozen solid pinned in the moving reference of frame, and the depinning from the step shows plastic flow and hysteresis.     

NUMERICAL STUDIES ON THE DYNAMICS OF DISORDERED VORTEX LATTICE

Flow behavior of the driven two-dimensional vortex lattice is numerically studied with different densities of randomly distributed pointlike pinning centers. Different features in the curves of velocity-force dependence are found between the elastic and plastic regimes. Scaling fit between force and velocity above the critical driving force can be obtained in the elastic regime but fails in the plastic regime. Transition from the lastic to plastic regimes is accompanied by maximum peaks in the differential curves of velocity-force dependence in the disordered vortex lattice.