Highly sensitive catalytic determination of molybdenum

A novel, highly sensitive, selective, and simple kinetic method was developed for the determination of Mo(VI) based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (ANSA) with H₂O₂. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidized product at 465 nm after 30 min of mixing the reagents. The optimum reaction conditions were: 10 mmol l⁻¹ ANSA, 50 mmol l⁻¹ H₂O₂, 100 mmol l⁻¹ acetate buffer of pH 5.0 ± 0.05 and at 40 °C. Addition of 200 μg ml⁻¹ diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) conferred high selectivity for the proposed method. Following the recommended procedure, Mo(VI) could be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 2.5 ng ml⁻¹ and a detection limit, based on the 3S_b-criterion, of 0.027 ng ml⁻¹. The unique sensitivity and selectivity of the implemented method allowed its direct application to the determination of Mo(VI) in natural and industrial waste water. The method was validated by comparison with the standard ETAAS method. Moreover, published catalytic-spectrophotometric methods for the determination of molybdenum were reviewed.     

Flow injection catalytic determination of ruthenium with spectrophotometric detection

A new flow injection catalytic method was described for the determination of ruthenium(III) based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) by periodate in acidic media. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of the dye at 635 nm. Under optimum conditions, ruthenium can be determined in the range of 1.0-100.0 ng ml(-1) with a relative standard deviation of 1.1% and with a limit of detection of 0.70 ng ml(-1). The influence of reagent and manifold variables were studied and optimized. The method was tested for the determination of ruthenium(III) in some synthetic mixtures.     

Highly sensitive and selective catalytic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde

A highly sensitive, simple and selective kinetic method was developed for the determination of ultra-trace levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde based on their catalytic effect on the oxidation of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) with hydrogen peroxide. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically by tracing the formation of the red-colored oxidized product of DPD at 510nm, within 30s of mixing the reagents. The optimum reaction conditions were: 20mmolL(-1) DPD, 250mmolL(-1) H(2)O(2), 150mmolL(-1) phosphate, 150mmolL(-1) citrate and pH 6.60+/-0.05 at 25 degrees C. Following the recommended procedure, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde could be determined with linear calibration graphs up to 0.50 and 1.4microg mL(-1) and detection limits, based on the 3S(b)-criterion, of 0.015 and 0.035microg mL(-1), respectively. In addition, analytical data for other 10 aldehydes were also presented. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed method allowed its successful application to rain water, mainstream smoke (MSS) and disposed tips of smoked cigarettes (DTSC). A sample aliquot was directly analyzed for its total water-soluble aldehyde content. A second sample aliquot was heated at 80 degrees C for 10min to expel acetaldehyde and the aliquot was analyzed for its content of other water-soluble aldehydes (expressed as formaldehyde equivalent), and acetaldehyde was determined by difference. The analytical results were in excellent agreements with those obtained following the standard HPLC method based on pre-column derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Moreover, published catalytic-spectrophotometric methods for the determination of aldehydes were reviewed.     

Highly sensitive spectrophotometric microdetermination of sulphoxides

The reaction of sulphoxides with trifluoroacetic anhydride and iodide in acetone medium to produce iodine, which can be used for their titrimetric determination, has been adapted for spectrophotometric determination of sub-mu mole amounts of sulphoxides.     

Highly sensitive spectrophotometric kinetic determination of vanadium by catalysis of the gallic acid-bromate reaction

Conditions are described for improving the speed and sensitivity of this catalytic determination of vanadium. The reaction of 0.018 M gallic acid with 0.96 M sodium bromate at pH 3.8 and double-beam spectrophotometric measurement at 380 nm are recommended. The calibration curves are obtained by the tangent (2-point) and fixed-time (single-point) method. The highest practical sensitivity at 22–30°C was ca. 40 pg for an absorbance change of 0.0005, 50 times better than previously. The detection limit was ca. 0.5 ng of vanadium. Reaction at 50°C gave even better sensitivity.     

Rapid spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium with diethazine hydrochloride

Diethazine hydrochloride reacts with ruthenium(III) instantaneously at high acidity (sulphuric or hydrochloric acid) to form a red 1:1 complex with absorbance maximum at 515nm. A tenfold molar excess of reagent is necessary for complete complexation. Beer's law is obeyed for 1.0-10.4 ppm of ruthenium(III), with optimum concentration range 2-9 ppm. The molar absorptivity is 5.35 x 10(3) 1.mol(-1) .cm(-1).     

藏红T催化光度法测定痕量钌

在H2 SO4 和热水浴中 ,Ru(Ⅲ )催化KIO4 氧化藏红T褪色 ,由此建立了测定钌的新催化光度法。钌质量浓度在 0～ 0 0 0 32 μg mL范围内符合比尔定律 ,检出限为 3.3× 1 0 -8g L。对 0 .0 0 2 0 μg mLRu(Ⅲ )测定的相对标准偏差为 1 .7% (n=1 1 )。催化反应的表现活化能为 38.2kJ mol。催化反应对Ru(Ⅲ )和藏红T分别为一级反应。试验了 40多种共存离子的影响 ,允许 2 0 0倍量的Ag+、Pt(Ⅳ ) ,2 0倍量的Pd(Ⅱ )、Ir(Ⅳ )及Cu2 +存在。该方法可用于岩矿和冶金产品中钌的测定 ,相对标准偏差为 1 .1 %～ 2 .4 % ,标准加入回收率为 1 0 0 .3%～ 1 0 1 .5 %。     

A simple and high sensitive spectrophotometric method for ultra trace determination of ruthenium with its catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyronin B by periodate

A new simple, selective, high sensitive and rapid method has been developed for spectrophotometric determination of ultra trace amounts of ruthenium based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyronin B by periodate at lambdamax=555 nm. The described method is able to quantify ruthenium in the range of 0.1-100 ng ml-1 (r=0.9973), with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.036 ng ml-1. Under optimum conditions, this procedure has been successfully applied to determine the trace levels of ruthenium in the environmental and biological samples. The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation of three measurements, is better than 2.44%.     

钌催化高碘酸钾氧化丽春红G动力学光度法测定微量钌

在硫酸介质和热水浴中，Ru(Ⅲ）催化高碘酸钾氧化丽春红G（间-二甲苯-4，1-偶氮-2-萘酚-3，6-二磺酸基钠盐）褪色，由此建立了测定痕量钌的新催化光度法。钌的质量浓度在0-0.012μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律，线性回归方程为lg(A0/A)=-0.02798 45.7871c(μg/mL）,r=0.9977。对0.01μg/mL Ru（Ⅲ）测定的相对标准偏差为2.5%（n=11)。催化反应的表观活化能为58.55kJ/mol。催化反应对丽春红G和钌（Ⅲ）分别为一级反应。试验了40多种共存离子的影响。该方法已用于岩矿和冶金产品中痕量钌的测定，相对标准偏差为1.2%-2.2%，标准加入回收率为96.0%-106.1%。     

Extraction and direct spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium with ethyl-alpha-isonitrosoacetoacetate

Ruthenium is extracted by benzyl alcohol from 5M LiCl containing ethyl-alpha-isonitrosoacetoacetate at pH 4-6. The extraction is quantitative if the solution is heated to boiling for 15 min. The benzyl alcohol extract shows maximum absorbance at 470 nm and at this wavelength Beer's law is obeyed over the ruthenium concentration range 0.1-1.8 mug ml . The error is 4% for 0.5 mug ml .     

橙黄G催化动力学光度法测定痕量钌

研究了钌(Ⅲ)催化KIO4氧化橙黄G(OG)褪色反应的反应条件,测定了该反应的反应级数和表现活化能,并建立了一个测定钌的新动力学光度法。在选定的实验条件下,非催化反应体系与催化反应体系在470nm波长处的吸光度差值与钌(Ⅲ)的质量浓度在0 50～6 0ng/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为4.4×10-8g/L。对2 0ng/mL钌(Ⅲ)测定11次的相对标准偏差为1 4%。方法可用于冶金产品及岩矿中痕量钌的测定。     

酶催化动力学光度法测定H2O2

H2O2能够氧化偶氮染料刚果红使之褪色,而模拟酶—血红蛋白对其具有催化作用。据此建立了一种以刚果红为指示剂的H2O2-刚果红-血红蛋白酶催化反应体系测定痕量H2O2的新方法。确定了反应的最佳条件,体系的酸度为pH10.7的NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液,最大吸收波长为497 nm。该法的线性范围为8.0×10^-8-8.0×10^-5mol/L,检出限为1.97×10^-9mol/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.6×10^4L.mol-1.cm^-1。该方法可用于雨水及消毒水中H2O2的测定。     

Highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of iron with chromai blue G and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride

Summary A ternary complex between iron(III), Chromal Blue G (C. I. 43835) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is proposed for the determination of iron (III). The stoichiometric ratio of iron (III) to Chromai Blue G is 13. Beer's law is obeyed from 0.04 to 0.4 ppm of iron; the molar absorptivity is 1.43×10⁵ l·mole^–1·cm^–1. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of iron in a magnesium alloy.

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Hochempfindliche spektrophotometrische Bestimmung von Mikromengen Eisen mit Chromctlblau G und Cetyltrimethylammoniumcblorid

Zusammenfassung Zur Bestimmung von Eisen(III) wird ein ternärer Komplex aus Eisen(III), Chromai Blue G (Farbindex 43835) und Cetyltrimethylammoniumchlorid vorgeschlagen. Das stöchiometrische Verhältnis Eisen(III): Chromal Blue G ist 13. Das Beersche Gesetz gilt von 0,04 bis 0,4 ppm Fe; der Extinktionskoeffizient ist 1,43×10⁵ l·mole^–1·cm^–1. Die vorgeschlagene Methode dient für die Bestimmung von Eisen in Magnesiumlegierungen.

     

Highly sensitive and selective spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of ropinirole hydrochloride in tablets

Three sensitive, selective, accurate spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed for the determination of ropinirole hydrochloride in tablets. The first method was based on measuring the absorbance of drug solution in methanol at 250 nm. The Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 2.5-24 microg ml(-1). The second method was based on the charge transfer reaction of drug, as n-electron donor with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), as pi-acceptor in acetonitrile to give radical anions that are measured at 842 nm. The Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.6-8 microg ml(-1). The third method was based on derivatization reaction with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) in borate buffer of pH 8.5 followed by measuring the fluorescence intensity at 525 nm with excitation at 464 nm in chloroform. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.01-1.3 microg ml(-1). The derivatization reaction product of drug with NBD-Cl was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The developed methods were validated. The following analytical parameters were investigated: the molar absorptivity (epsilon), limit of detection (LOD, microg ml(-1)) and limit of quantitation (LOQ, microg ml(-1)), precision, accuracy, recovery, and Sandell's sensitivity. Selectivity was validated by subjecting stock solution of ropinirole to acidic, basic, oxidative, and thermal degradation. No interference was observed from common excipients present in formulations. The proposed methods were successfully applied for determination of drug in tablets. The results of these proposed methods were compared with each other statistically.     

固绿FCF催化动力学光度法测定痕量钌

研究了钌(Ⅲ)催化高碘酸钾氧化固绿FCF褪色反应的反应条件, 测定了该反应的反应级数和表观活化能, 并建立了测定钌的新动力学光度法. 在选定实验条件下, 非催化反应体系与催化反应体系在633 nm波长处的吸光度差值与钌(Ⅲ)的质量浓度在0～0.001 μg/mL及0.001～0.0025 μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系, 检出限为 9.53×10-11 g/mL. 对0.001 μg/mL钌(Ⅲ)测定11次标准偏差为1.7%, 方法的选择性好, 灵敏度高, 可用于钌精矿及合成样中痕量钌的测定.     

Extraction and spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium and osmium with thiobenzhydrazide

Ruthenium forms a pink complex with thiobenzhydrazide in hot 1.0-4.5M hydrochloric acid medium, which can be extracted with chloroform, and the extract shows maximal absorbance at 520 nm. The chloroform-extractable osmium-thiobenzhydrazide complex formed at pH 2.3-4.8 shows maximal absorption at 385 nm as well as at 480-490 nm. The colour of the extracts of both the complexes is stable for more than 24 hr and can be employed for the spectrophotometry of ruthenium and osmium in the presence of a considerable excess of diverse ions commonly associated with them. Ruthenium and osmium can be quantitatively separated from one another with thiobenzhydrazide.     

Highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt using o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of mixed surfactants

Summary The effects of cobalt(II) and surfactants on the decomposition of various xanthene dyes by hydrogen peroxide have been systematically investigated. A simple and highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt(II) (0.05 1.2 g/10 ml) is proposed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of cobalt(II) on the oxidation of o-hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein (Qnph) by hydrogen peroxide. The proposed catalytic spectrophotometric determination was sensitive, selective, reproducible and virtually unaffected by the presence of other ions; the effective molar desorptivity was 4.2×10⁸ l/mol per cm, Sandell sensitivity was 0.15 pg/cm², and the relative standard deviation was 3.2% at 0.6 ng/10 ml (n=5). The selective assays of cobalt(II) in water samples were also investigated with satisfactory results (95% 101%).

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Hochempfindliche Spektralphotometrische Kobaltbestimmung mit Hilfe von o-Hydroxyhydrochinonphthalein und Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von oberflÄchenaktiven Substanzen

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Application of xanthene derivatives in analytical chemistry. Part LXIX. Part LXVIII see ref. [1]     

双波长双指示剂催化光度法测定铜的研究

研究了在pH 4.0的HAc～NaAc缓冲介质中,利用痕量铜(Ⅱ)催化过氧化氢氧化罗丹明B和亚甲基蓝褪色的指示反应,通过测量540 nm和660 nm下,催化体系和非催化体系吸光度的变化,建立了双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量铜的新方法.方法的线性范围为0.00080～0.048μg/mL,检出限为4.0×10~(-11) g/mL.方法可用于水中铜的测定.     

Highly selective and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of silver ion in surfactant media using 2-mercaptobenzoxazole

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for determination of trace amounts of silver ion in tap and wastewater solution and photographic solutions has been described. The spectrophotometric determination of silver ion using 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) in the presence of Triton X-100 as nonionic surfactant has been carried out. The Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.1-9.0 microg mL(-1) of Ag+ ion with the detection limits of 1.6 ng mL(-1). The influence of type and amount of surfactant, pH, complexation time and amount of ligand on sensitivity of method were optimized. Finally the repeatability, accuracy and the effect of interfering ions on the determination of silver ion were evaluated. There is a good agreement between results of proposed method and atomic absorption spectrometry.