Twist sensor based on Sagnac single-mode optic fiber interferometer

An optical fiber twist sensor based on Sagnac single-mode optic fiber interferometer is proposed. The stress-induced birefringence of single-mode optical fiber is obtained by applying a transverse force against a short length of singlemode fiber. A high sensitivity and resolution of the twist angle measurement of 0.19 nm/° and 0.002° is achieved experimentally, respectively. The proposed sensor is more convenient and simple than that of standard polarization-maintaining fibers.     

Double-polarization fiber ring interferometer based on a single-mode isotropic fiber for gyroscopy

We propose and implement the scheme of a whole-fiber double-polarization ring interferometer based on an isotropic fiber for gyroscopy purposes. The results of an experimental study of the output signal of the interferometer based on the proposed scheme are presented. The shift of the zero point of the interferometer signal (at a level of 3°/h) and the drift of the zero point (at a level of 1°/h) are determined. The rotation sensitivity of the interferometer is measured. It amounts to 0.1°/h, which agrees well with the calculation allowing for the shot noise of the photoelectric current at the output of the scheme. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 328–332, April 2008.     

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的单模光纤声波传感器的研究

光纤传感器是20世纪70年代中期发展起来的一种新型传感器.它与普通的传感器相比,具有灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、防燃等优点,因此在温度、应力、磁场等传感领域都有着广泛的应用.本文研究的光纤声波传感器,其基础为Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)全光纤干涉仪,我们主要的工作集中在传感臂探头的制作.所研制的基于M-Z干涉仪...     

一种用于制作数字合成全息图的光学全息元件

介绍了两种新型的应用于数字合成全息图的光学全息元件——全息柱面镜的制作原理及方法,并研究了其性能情况,表明全息柱面镜可以将光散射在焦平面上并且不会破坏图像的平面特征,可以有效改进图像质量提高光能利用率。     

A novel fiber optic ring-down interferometer for sensing

A ring-down interferometer (RDI) based on a modified Mach–Zehnder structure by incorporating a pair of mirrors with very high reflectivity into each of its two arms, respectively is proposed in this paper. Launching a coherent light pulse into the interferometer, in each arm, pulse ring-down occurs between its two mirrors and outputs a chain of pulses. The two chains of pulses from the two arms combine and interfere pulse by pulse at the detector and the difference of the light phase between the two arms will be enlarged linearly in proportion to the times of ring-down.     

A novel method for measuring optical fiber delay lines based on the optical fiber low-coherence Young's interferometer

According to the principle of double-beam interference imaging using an infrared broadband light source, a novel method based on the optical fiber low-coherence Young's interferometer for the measurement of programmable optical fiber delay line is proposed. By measuring the small length increments of delay fiber through the evaluation of the central positions of zero-order interference fringes, we successfully construct a system with a variety of important functions, such as real-time controlling, measurement and displaying. This system offers the benefit that it can be regulated precisely to generate interference stripes once again after the length of fiber segment changes. When the locations of central stripes are moved to coincide with the original markers, the determination of the corresponding fiber optical delay time becomes really simplified, as just by reading out the tinny displacement of the reference arm. Multiple groups of experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed system since it bears a measuring accuracy of μm and a measuring range from 1 mm to 20 cm.     

Simple delay scheme for quantum cryptography based on a Mach-Zehnder optic fiber interferometer

A simple experimental scheme is proposed for a relativistic quantum cryptosystem based on a Mach-Zehnder optic fiber interferometer. In this scheme, quantum mechanical laws, along with the restrictions imposed by the Special Relativity, ensure the detection of any eavesdropping attempt.     

Temperature measurements using fiber optic polarization interferometer

A novel measurement method of temperature based on the phenomena that the phase difference between principle polarization states in the optical retarder is function of temperature is described. The polarization state of optical beam is changed as it passes through the optical retarder, which depends on the temperature. The temperature of optical retarder is determined by comparison of the power difference between principal polarization states. We demonstrate successfully the temperature measurement by using a polarization maintaining fiber as the optical retarder. With a 100 mm length of the fiber optic retarder, the change rate of phase difference on temperature was 0.236 rad/°C and the measurement error was ±0.038°C over the temperature range of −2.6 – +3.4°C. With a 11.5 mm length of the fiber optic retarder, the change rate of phase difference on temperature was 0.021 rad/°C and the measurement error was ±0.79°C over the temperature range of −8.5 – +86.5°C.     

Refractive index sensor based on an abrupt taper Michelson interferometer in a single-mode fiber

A simple refractive index sensor based on a Michelson interferometer in a single-mode fiber is constructed and demonstrated. The sensor consists of a single symmetrically abrupt taper region in a short piece of single-mode fiber that is terminated by approximately 500 nm thick gold coating. The sensitivity of the new sensor is similar to that of a long-period-grating-type sensor, and its ease of fabrication offers a low-cost alternative to current sensing applications.     

基于全息光学元件的光纤光谱仪的光路设计

基于全息光学理论分析了全息光学元件的高斯成像性质,包括光焦度、成像位置、衍射效率以及作为光纤光谱仪光栅元件的可行性,并以全息光栅的成像理论以及光谱仪工作原理为基础,设计了光谱仪器光学系统的各个参数,通过Zemax软件的仿真、像质评价及优化,得出最终的参数和模拟结果。所使用的全息光栅记录波长为575 nm,记录光束之间的夹角为10,一束为平面波,一束为球面波,焦距40 mm,使用+1级衍射光,光栅孔径为10 mm。光谱仪的工作波长范围为400 nm～800 nm,体积140 mm*30 mm*40 mm,谱面展宽29.1 mm。通过在光学平台上搭建光路,利用已研发完成的电路系统及光谱仪软件,针对汞灯光谱进行了试验,光谱分辨率优于8 nm,测量得到的汞灯光谱与标准汞灯光谱一致,表明了所设计的基于全息元件的光纤光谱仪光学系统是可行的。     

Holographic optical element for laser time-of-flight flow sensor

A novel laser time-of-flight flow sensor has been developed. A specially designed holographic optical element (HOE) constitutes the basis of the optical front end of the sensor. The multifunctional HOE maintains both the transmitting and receiving functions of the optical front end and is designed so that the alignment of the optical system is independent of small changes in the wavelength and temperature. This makes it possible to use a laser diode and makes the optical front end very compact and robust. The HOE is produced as a high-efficiency surface relief grating, thus making a large-scale production through polymer replication possible. The design and fabrication of the HOE is described and the stability of the sensor system is discussed with respect to wavelength variations. Direct calibration measurements on the sensor and test velocity measurements are presented. The sensor is intended for water flow measurements in pipes and can also be used for velocity measurements of solid surfaces.     

A volume holographic optical element for optical coupling to single-mode fibers

We propose and demonstrate a volume holographic optical element (VHOE) for signal-mode fiber coupling and the sending of conjugate waves of reference light for the construction of holographic elements. Given the inherent Bragg conditions of the VHOE, the angular tolerances of the conjugate reading light in both the horizontal and vertical directions are studied under different conditions.     

基于游标效应的增敏型光纤法布里-珀罗干涉仪温度传感器

本文介绍了一种高灵敏度光纤温度传感器.该传感器由一小段毛细管熔接于单模光纤和一段大模场光纤之间而构成串联的两个法布里-珀罗干涉仪.由于俩干涉仪具有相近的自由光谱区,因而它们的叠加光谱会产生游标效应.实验结果显示,利用游标效应解调,该传感器的温度灵敏度可从单一空气腔法布里-珀罗干涉仪的0.71 pm/℃提高到179.30 pm/℃.该传感器结构紧凑(1 mm)且灵敏度高,具有良好的应用前景.     

干涉测距仪中光纤的特性分析

提出一种由定位干涉仪和测量干涉仪组成的光纤干涉绝对距离测量方法 ,将对光程的定位过程和对距离的测量过程分别进行 ,实现对大距离的高精度绝对测量 ,同时在测量系统中引入光纤和光纤干涉仪 ,以改善系统结构和性能。详细分析了光纤损耗特性、色散特性和偏振特性对测量系统的影响 ,并特别给出了有关色散特性影响的量化分析结果。分析表明色散特性对于系统的测量范围有较大的影响     

Study of in-line single-mode optical fiber polarizer

The theoretical calculation method of multilayer metal-clad planar optical waveguide presented by Y. YAMAMOTO is greatly improved and transplant into the optical fiber and a suitable waveguide model of in-line single-mode optical fiber polarizer is set up to study its characteristics, the theorical analyses are in accordance with the experimental re suits. The polarizer whose extinction ratio is more than 30 dB at 0.633μm wavelength with an insertion loss of 0.5 dB is formed by grinding off the cladding on one side of a single-mode fibre and evaporating metal onto the polished durface in our Lab.     

基于倏逝波的锥形光纤马赫-曾德尔湿度传感器

提出了一种基于倏逝波原理的光纤马赫-曾德尔湿度传感器,传感器是在2个单模光纤粗锥的传感臂中心通过绝热火焰熔融拉锥处理而成。光由传感器输入端传入,经过第1个粗锥时,将激发出若干高阶模,各模式光传输经过细锥区进入第2个粗锥时被耦合进入传感器输出端。当外界湿度变化时,细锥区倏逝场随之变化,最终导致透射谱能量变化。通过测量透射谱能量变化,可以实现环境湿度传感测量。实验结果表明,在35%~85%RH的湿度变化范围内,透射谱的能量具有相同变化趋势,处于水蒸气吸收峰附近的干涉谷湿度响应灵敏度可达0.157 dBm/%RH,温度交叉灵敏度仅为0.014 %RH/ ℃。该传感器因其制作简单、灵敏度高,温度交叉敏感小等特点,具有很好的应用前景。     

光隔离器法抑制Michelson干涉型光纤水听器中的SBS

光纤水听器是利用光的干涉信号进行探测的,但随着入射光功率的增加,易发生受激布里渊散射（stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS）效应,并因而产生噪声,限制入射光功率的增加,极大地影响探测信号。为了抑制SBS效应,提高光纤水听器性能,以Michelson型光纤水听器为例,从实验和理论上研究了SBS及其阈值特性。根据阈值公式分析了提高阈值的方法,着重讨论了光隔离器法对SBS的抑制。最后利用时域有限差分方法对光纤内的入射光、Stokes光和声波的时空分布进行了分析。只要给出初始条件及光纤参数即可得出光纤内各波的时空分布。通过开展抑制此效应的研究,不仅为可调谐相干光的产生提供一个新途径,而且可作为一种有效手段来研究各种光纤系统中的散射特性。     

Rayleigh scattering optical frequency correlation in a single-mode optical fiber

The bichromatic optical frequency correlation function for Rayleigh backscattering from a pulse of laser light propagating along a single-mode optical fiber has been calculated and measured. It is shown that the optical correlation frequency, Dnu(c) , is equal to the reciprocal of pulse width T(w) . These results are important for the development of wavelength diversity techniques for the reduction of coherent Rayleigh noise in distributed Rayleigh backscattering single-mode optical fiber sensors.     

Sensing system with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single FBG reflector

A sensing system,with Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer based on single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the reflector,is demonstrated.The system used a frequency-matched ring fiber optical laser as the source.The closed Michelson-type fiber optical interferometer system will be helpful in simplifying the developed interferometric sensor by replacing the double reflectors with only one FBG reflecting the doubleside light.The basic sensing properties of the system are demonstrated,with a fiber optic piezoelectric ceramic transducer embedded in the arm of the interferometer simulating the sensing signal.