环境规制下的资源型城市转型绩效及其影响因素分析

本文引入环境生产技术,同时对Malmquist生产率指数进行扩展建立环境规制下的资源型城市转型绩效指数(MRPI)对我国21个资源型城市转型现状进行评估,并运用动态面板模型对影响资源型城市转型绩效的原因进行分析.研究结果表明煤炭、黑色金属加工、石油三大类资源型城市平均转型绩效指数分别为1.153、1.234、1.341,经济发展水平、产业结构、区域差异三个变量对资源型城市转型绩效指数均为正影响.本文提供的定量方法能够帮助资源型城市更准确评估自身发展转型状况,为制定下一步转型发展战略提供理论基础.     

煤炭资源型城市可持续发展的综合评价方法研究

"环境与发展"是21世纪时代的主题,全方位、多视角研究煤炭资源型城市的可持续发展是研究我国区域社会经济持续发展的重要内容和前提条件.提出了基于因子分析法和DEA方法相结合的资源型城市可持续发展能力的评价方法,并以鸡西市为例,选取1995到2006年作为决策单元,评价了该市12年的可持续发展状况,并用理想点法对有效年限进行排序.结果表明:2001年是个转折点,鸡西市从2002年开始各年相对前几年都有效,在DEA有效的年份中2004年排名最后,因此,要增加城市的可持续发展能力,必须突出系统性、整体性原则.     

煤炭矿井设置的多目标选址决策分析

提供了约束条件下煤炭矿井设置的多目标选址方法,并将模糊规划模型转化为0-1规划模型进行求解,通过一个实证分析说明了该方法的实用性和有效性.并就合理有效利用煤炭资源、建设循环型煤炭矿井,为地方煤炭生产管理部门优化煤炭矿井设置提出了相关的政策建议.     

基于SD的煤炭矿区节能减排仿真与调控

煤炭矿区在生产煤炭能源的同时,会产生大量的能耗和排放,而降低煤炭产量必然会影响矿区的经济效益.如何协调经济发展与能源消耗、污染排放之间的矛盾,是煤炭矿区亟待解决的难点问题.通过分析煤炭生产各环节节能与减排要素、煤炭矿区节能减排系统的复杂结构和系统内部的动态反馈机制,建立了煤炭矿区节能减排系统动力学模型,并对煤炭矿区不同的发展方案进行了仿真模拟.结果表明,矿区总投资、煤炭生产投资、环保投资、各种吨煤能耗量等因素在煤炭矿区节能减排系统中发挥了重要的影响作用;可以通过增加矿区总投资,优化煤炭生产投资与环保投资比例,降低吨煤能耗量来达到矿区经济与节能减排协调发展的状态.     

城市绿色转型效果评价研究——以安徽省淮南市为例

城市绿色转型是应对气候变化、提升城市持续竞争力的重要途径。文章在厘清绿色经济和绿色城市转型本质内涵的基础上,构建了“绿色驱动力、绿色生产力、绿色生命力”三位一体的城市绿色转型效果的综合评价指标体系,利用离差最大化法改进的优化模型来客观确定指标权重,并构建了城市绿色转型模糊综合评价模型,选取了资源型城市淮南市为研究对象进行模型验证,基于评价结果的深度分析,提出了煤炭资源型城市绿色转型与跨越发展的对策建议,研究结果能够为政府相关政策制定和调整提供相应的决策依据。     

基于熵权及国际生产折衷理论的中国煤炭贸易国际竞争优势评价

利用国际生产折衷理论建立了煤炭贸易国际竞争优势评价指标体系,从专属优势、区位优势、内部化优势和国际化程度的角度对各主要煤炭出口国的竞争优势进行基于熵权的多层次综合评价.指出与其他煤炭出口国相比,中国煤炭贸易竞争优势主要来自于专属优势以及部分区位因素,而在国际化程度上明显处于劣势,同时指出了中国煤炭企业的挖潜方向.     

煤炭安全评价:模型、集成算法与应用

煤炭作为我国战略性矿产资源,其安全问题一直是政府、学界关注与研究的重要课题.基于APERC的"4A"能源安全概念模型,提出了"2AST"的煤炭安全概念框架;建立了融可用性、可获性、可持续性、技术发展于一体的煤炭安全评价体系;提出了AGA-EAHP-EM-GRA-TOPSIS一种改进的集成评价方法,对2001-2010年中国煤炭安全水平进行了评价;最后提出了开源节流、国家保障、技术发展等战略对策,以期为提高我国煤炭安全水平提供借鉴.     

基于综合开采率的煤炭资源最优开采问题研究

针对我国煤炭资源开采中的低效率和浪费现象,在综合考虑了煤炭资源利用率和回采率等方面问题后,通过建立煤炭资源最优开采的动态优化模型,分析了影响煤炭资源利用率和回采率的因素,提出了提高煤炭资源利用率的合理方案.分析表明,对煤炭资源的基础储量征税可以实现煤炭企业在兼顾利润最大化的同时提高煤炭资源的利用率和回采率,同时通过级差税的调节可以有效降低因放弃低品位资源带来的浪费.     

煤炭城市人口——资源——经济——环境系统协调发展测度与评价

煤炭城市是由人口、资源、经济与环境四个子系统构成的复杂系统。其可持续发展依赖于各子系统的合理结构和发展模式以及子系统之间的协调程度。将协调发展思想与综合评价方法相结合,构建了煤炭城市可持续发展测度的指标体系,提出了投影寻踪与协调函数相结合的复杂系统协调发展测度方法,以典型煤炭城市某市为例,进行了子系统间协调发展的测度与评价。     

基于公平与效率的城市应急车辆配置研究

在城市中,消防、医疗、警务等应急车辆的配置是城市管理的一个重要方面.对该问题进行了研究,提出了对其评价的两个标准:公平与效率.作者根据这两个标准建立数学模型,该模型可用于这类车辆的管理.     

Exergy as a unified measure of water quality

The concept of exergy has been applied to ecological evaluation, resource accounting and environmental impact assessment. As a suitable indicator for ecological evaluation, exergy analysis presents a unified thermodynamic measure of objective evaluation of resources and environment with exergetic unit. A case study of water quality assessment using exergy analysis is presented. Compared with other existing methods, exergy accounting provides a unitary and objective measure for water pollution as a result of the application of the thermodynamic concept to water quality assessment.     

关于城市生态安全的模式评价原理及模型

根据自然进化原理,用模式评价理论对城市生态安全进行评价,提出评价系统和系统环境的概念,把城市视为评价系统,把建设生态安全城市所需满足的各种要求视为系统环境,并通过评价系统与系统环境的适应程度,建立了关于城市生态安全的模式评价原理及模型,达到了对城市生态安全进行客观评价的目的.     

核电资源替代煤电资源的临界时点分析模型

随着煤电资源的逐渐耗竭,传统电力资源的替代资源开发成为我国电力可持续发展的重要途径。为探讨核电资源替代煤电资源的经济规律,构建了一个电力资源社会价值评估模型。以电力资源社会价值最大化为目标,运用动态优化理论求解,得出核电资源替代煤电资源的临界替代时点,分析核电资源替代煤电资源的替代条件,剖析电力生产外部性对电力资源配置效率的影响程度及导致电力资源配置低效率的具体原因。认为电力生产部门的外部性影响电力资源的配置效率,阻碍核电资源替代煤电资源的发展进程。就电力生产部门的实际情况提出了相应的政策建议,以促进低碳清洁的核电资源替代煤电资源,实现环境、经济与电力可持续发展。     

Emergy as embodied energy based assessment for local sustainability of a constructed wetland in Beijing

Ecological treatment engineering has been widely accepted as an artificially designed work to deal with the deteriorating ecological environment with low energy and resource consumption. To measure the energy and resource consumption and environmental support contained in the constructed wetland as a kind of ecological treatment engineering, emergy as embodied solar energy based assessment is performed and relative emergy-based indices including emergy yield ratio (EYR), emergy load ratio (ELR), emergy sustainability index (ESI), net economic benefit index (Np), and renewable percentage index (Pr), are also modified to evaluate the local sustainability of the constructed wetland in this paper. A case study on Longdao River constructed wetland compared with those of some earlier conventional treatment systems indicate that more local renewable resources and less ecological cost are involved, thus promoting the economic benefit due to less energy and resource consumption and simultaneously lowering the environmental stress of the treatment system on the local areas.     

基于熵权-集对分析的矿业城市土地资源承载力评价

针对矿产资源日益枯竭以及开采行为逐渐无序的现状,矿业城市土地资源承载力正在面临严峻挑战.研究以安徽省矿业城市铜陵市为例,从水土资源系统,社会经济系统和环境资源系统三个维度中选取15个指标构建评价指标体系.借助熵权法赋权,并利用集对分析法测度土地资源承载力状况,并用障碍度模型进行障碍因子诊断,结果表明:铜陵市土地资源承载...     

Ecological accounting and evaluation of urban economy: Taking Beijing city as the case

Urban economy is confronted with increasing biophysical limitations derived from the exhaustion of natural resources and the depletion of environmental capacity, and human cultural diversity has been declining during the fast urbanization. The conventional anthropocentric economics, regarding the natural environment as the ‘exterior’ of human economy, is invalid in the scientific evaluation on the contribution of natural resources and environment as well as human culture when facing the current urban crises. The theory of embodied cosmic exergy, as the latest development of ecological economics and ecological thermodynamics, is introduced in this study to construct an ecological evaluation framework of urban economy. The advantage of embodied cosmic exergy dedicated to ecological economics has been discussed in comparison with other ecological evaluation alternatives. Transformities describing hierarchies and manifesting quality are systematically calculated and tabulated. A new framework of embodied cosmic exergy based on network accounting (EmexNA) is sketched out in this study, taking not only diversity flows but also ecological stocks into consideration. The stock based concept of ‘ecological wealth’ and the flow based concept of ‘ecological cost’ as well as related evaluation indicators are developed based on EmexNA. Taking Beijing city as the case, the network accounting and related ecological evaluation of a practical urban economy are carried out in this study in the light of the basic social, economic and environmental data available from 1990 to 2005 of Beijing. The system construction and the ecological mechanism of the development of Beijing economy are correspondingly illuminated and discussed.     

煤炭城市可持续发展的系统动力学模拟与调控

煤炭城市是由人口、资源、经济与环境四个子系统构成的复杂系统.其可持续发展依赖于各子系统的合理结构和发展模式以及对系统的有效控制.将可持续发展思想与系统动力学模拟方法相结合,在分析了煤炭城市系统结构基础上,构建了煤炭城市系统动力学模型:确定生育指数、各产业投资比例、资源循环利用率等为调控参数,以典型煤炭城市鸡西市为例进行了5种发展模式的模拟和调控.结果表明:可持续发展模式与其他四种发展模式相比,取得的经济、资源、环境整体效益最大,是鸡西市发展的相对最佳方案.     

Emergy analysis for ‘Four in One’ peach production system in Beijing

‘Four in One’ production system has been widely used for recent years in rural areas of Beijing. The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency and sustainability of the ‘Four in One’ ecological economic system for peach production system (FIOPPS) in the solar greenhouse in Pinggu district, Beijing, by emergy-based ecological analysis. The emergy-based indicators of the FIOPPS are calculated and compared with those of the conventional solar greenhouse peach production system. By comparison, the FIOPPS is proved to be more sustainable with less pressure on the environment, better economic benefit and higher efficiency of agricultural resource utilization, thus worthy of being generalized to boost the ecological agriculture in the rural areas of China.     

复合系统及其协调的一般理论

章给出了复合系统的定量描述,对复合系统及其协调机理进行了系统分析,并建立了复合系统协调管理的概念模型,该模型已用于经济-资源-环境复合系统的协调分析和设计中。     

The research of ecological security evaluation for mineral-resource enterprises-a case of China

As the rapid development of economy and society in the world, the situation of ecological security has become more and more severe. The problem on ecological security is concerned with whether the continuous development of economy and society can realize or not, as well as the regional stability and international safety, so ecological security has become the primary measurement of the continuous development. Meanwhile there are a lot of research on ecological security of hometown and abroad, and the research range is becoming wider and in depth. With this background, this paper analyses the meaning of mineral-resource ecological security, sets up ecological security index system of mineral-resource enterprises based on the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) model, then determined the weights of the indices by analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and presents a method to evaluating it. After empirical analysis, the paper pointed out that evaluating the ecological environment security of mineral- resource enterprise is not only necessary but also the base of building ecological security alarming mechanism.