对碘酚对鲁米诺化学发光增强的试验研究

本文报道了由过氧化物酶催化鲁米诺与过氧化氢发光反应的增强发光研究。合成了增强剂对碘酚,并用对碘酚对鲁米诺与过氧化氢发光反应的光增强作用进行了试验,已经证实增强发光反应可将过氧化物酶的最低检测浓度降低到10-12～10-13mol/L水平。     

各种烷氧基取代聚对苯乙炔的合成和发光性能研究

利用脱氯缩合聚合法合成了聚（2－甲氧基－5－丁氧基）对苯乙炔（PMOBOPV），聚（2－甲氧基－5－辛氧基）对苯乙炔（PMOCOPV）和聚（2－丁氧基－5－丁氧基）对苯乙炔（PDBOPV），聚（2－辛氧基－5－辛氧基）对苯乙炔（PD－COPV）4种发光材料。对反应体系的浓度，酸碱度，反应温度及时间等工艺条件和路线进行了细致的研究。结果表明：反应物的纯度，含量对合成产物的产率和性能有较大的影响；碱性是影响脱氯缩合反应的关键因素，而反应温度和时间对缩合反应影响则相对较小，在一定温度下当反应时间达到一定阶段后其转化率基本不变，对合成材料的化学结构，物理性能和发光特性进行了表征和检测。结果显示：非对称烷氧基取代PPV具有良好的溶解性，成膜性和稳定性；而对称性烷氧基取代PPV的溶解性和成膜性相对较差。以PMOBOPV为发光材料，采用旋涂工艺制作出单层和双层发光器件，并对器件的电致和光致发光性能进行了研究。     

吖啶酯化学发光测量参数和睾酮抗体工作浓度的最佳化

10-甲基吖啶-9-羧酸[4-(N-睾酮-3-羧甲氧基肟)-氯乙基]苯酯(To-3-AEPMAC)发光测量的时间参数在低浓度区域测量十分重要.本文报道在0.00～0.21s间有一占发光总面积4.10±2.21%(x±s)的溶剂峰;峰发光的起始和终点在0.32～3.915间,峰时间参数位于0.43～2.22s间,反应速率分析也证实时间参数的实验结果.选择0.30s延迟时间和10s积分时间的化学发光积分参数测量既可排除溶剂发光的干扰,又可较精密地采集到T0-3AEPMAC的全部发光信号.而单位时间的发光峰高测量因随剂量增加峰时间参数延长不能满足建立超微量化学发光免疫化学分析测量的要求.本文根据化学发光免疫化学高灵敏和高精密的分析要求,通过抗体稀释曲线极值的优选、最大反应变化的标定和最小反应标准误点分析使睾酮抗体的工作浓度最佳化,即稀释度为1:18000.     

铁掺杂A-TiO_2光催化降解对硝基苯酚的动力学研究

研究了以自制掺铁的锐钛矿型TiO2(即A-TiO2)光催化降解对硝基苯酚的动力学过程。结果表明:在可见光照射下,对硝基苯酚溶液为20mg·L-1、溶液调节为酸性(pH=2)、自制的掺铁0.1%(摩尔分数)A-TiO2的投入量1.0g·L-1、室温下搅拌下反应200min的条件下,对硝基苯酚的光催化降解的表观反应速率常数k(0.0050min-1)和降解率(64.52%)最大,拟合可见光下铁掺杂TiO2降解对硝基苯酚为一级反应。     

Tb~(3+)掺杂含SrF_2纳米晶硅酸盐微晶玻璃的光谱性质

通过高温熔融法和后续热处理制得Tb~(3+)掺杂含SrF_2纳米晶的透明硅酸盐微晶玻璃。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见透过光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命和X射线激发发光光谱(XEL)探讨了基础玻璃和微晶玻璃的结构和光谱特性。XRD结果表明,玻璃中析出晶体为SrF_2纳米晶,衍射峰随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长而逐渐明显,晶粒也随热处理温度的升高和时间的延长越来越大。在376 nm紫外光和X射线激发下,与基础玻璃相比,微晶玻璃发光显著增强,且发光强度随热处理温度的升高和时间的延长而逐渐增强。     

肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬粉尘时的化学发光现象

肺泡巨噬细胞(Alveolar macrophages AMs)在吞噬异物的过程中会产生吞噬相伴随韵化学发光现象,但是非常微弱,加入鲁米诺(Luminol)可增强发光,用液体闪烁计数器可测到这种发光。本文用化学发光法(Chemiluminescence CL)试验了AMs浓度、鲁米诺浓度以及酵母聚糖(Zymosan)浓度与化学发光强度的关系,检测了接触不同粉尘的AMs的CL动态变化,用CL强度来判断AMs的CL吞噬功能。试验表明,CL强度随染尘时间的延长面减弱,它可反映粉尘毒性大小和对机体的早期损伤,这对探讨尘肺的发病机理有重要意义。     

ZnS∶Ag纳米发光材料的制备及光谱性质

以简单的化学试剂和实验过程,采用水热法制备出ZnS∶Ag纳米发光材料。X射线衍射结果表明,产品均为结晶良好的ZnS立方闪锌矿结构。通过谢乐公式估算的结果表明,颗粒尺寸随反应温度的升高而呈非线性增长。透射电镜结果表明,产品基本为近球形,大小与估算结果吻合。通过发射光谱和激发光谱对产品的光学性质进行研究,发射峰位于450 nm左右,归属于硫空位相关的电子陷阱施主和银相关的空穴陷阱受主的复合;激发峰位于333 nm左右,归属于ZnS基质的带边吸收。反应温度和时间对产品的发光强度影响较大。固定反应时间为6 h,随着反应温度的提高,产品的发光强度呈现增强-减弱-增强的趋势;固定反应温度为200℃,随着反应时间的延长,产品的发光强度先增强后减弱。在200℃反应6 h时产品具有很好的发光强度。     

4种钌配合物室温和低温条件下发光机理的比较研究

以4种钌配合物[Ru(bpy)3]2+,[Ru(bpy)2HPIP]2+,[Ru(dmb)2PIP]2+,[Ru(dmb)2DMNP]2+为研究对象,采用时间分辨的光谱技术分别测量了这4种钌配合物在室温和低温情况下的稳态发光光谱及瞬态发光动力学过程。结果表明,4种样品在低温条件下的发光强度较之室温条件均有所增强,光谱形状有明显变化,瞬态发光寿命也均有延长。分析表明,4种钌配合样品在低温条件下从液态介质固化为刚性介质,电子转移情况发生变化,导致低温发光的光谱形状与室温光谱明显不同。同时速度常数窜越系数kts减小,分子振动和热运动降低,从而提高了磷光量子产率,使得发光增强,寿命也相应延长。     

ZnS:Ag纳米发光材料的制备及光谱性质

以简单的化学试剂和实验过程,采用水热法制备出ZnS:Ag纳米发光材料.X射线衍射结果表明,产品均为结晶良好的ZnS立方闪锌矿结构.通过谢乐公式估算的结果表明,颗粒尺寸随反应温度的升高而呈非线性增长.透射电镜结果表明,产品基本为近球形,大小与估算结果吻合.通过发射光谱和激发光谱对产品的光学性质进行研究,发射峰位于450 nm左右,归属于硫空位相关的电子陷阱施主和银相关的空穴陷阱受主的复合;激发峰位于333 nm左右,归属于ZnS基质的带边吸收.反应温度和时间对产品的发光强度影响较大.固定反应时间为6 h,随着反应温度的提高,产品的发光强度呈现增强一减弱一增强的趋势;固定反应温度为200℃,随着反应时间的延长,产品的发光强度先增强后减弱.在200℃反应6 h时产品具有很好的发光强度.     

多孔硅／激光染料复合体的发光

将激光染料分子有效地嵌入多孔硅中，获得多孔硅／染料分子复合体，嵌入微量梁料分子时，复合体的发光兼有多孔硅和激光染料两者的发光特征，增加染料分子的嵌入量，复合体的发光增强，荧光的时间响应快、脉宽窄，主要表面为激光染料的发光特性。     

Effect of the luminol signal enhancer on the chemiluminescence intensity and kinetics

The novel p-phenol derivatives, 4-(1-imidazolyl)-phenol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl, 4-hydroxy-4′-iodobiphenyl were employed as highly potent signal enhancers of luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) chemiluminescence (CL) system. The CL reaction conditions were optimized, and the enhancement characteristics of these enhancers were compared with each other. The employment of these molecules greatly affected important assay parameters. Practically, the use of a novel enhancer, even a slightly change of the structure (or concentration) of 4-substituted phenol derivative, could affect assay properties quite dramatically. Furthermore, the use of different enhancers in the luminol–H₂O₂–HRP system can affect not only the intensity of the CL signal, which is well known, but also its kinetics. The experiment data indicated that the stronger intensity was combined with a more rapid decrease of the CL signal.     

The photocatalytic application and regeneration of anatase thin films with embedded commercial TiO2 particles deposited on glass microrods

Anatase thin films (<200 nm in thickness) embedding Degussa P25 TiO₂ were prepared by sol-gel method. TiO₂-anatase thin films were deposited on a fiberglass substrate and then ground to obtain glass microrods containing the composite films. The film structure was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, atomic absorption and UV-vis spectrophotometry, and atomic force microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the composite films, calcined at 450 °C, and the regeneration of the activity under the same experimental conditions, were assessed using gas chromatography to study the photodegradation of phenol, an industrial pollutant, in water under 365 nm irradiation. The film with 15.0 wt.% of P25 TiO₂ was found to be more photoactive (54 ppm of degraded phenol at 6 h of illumination) than the other ones.     

苯乙烯与苯酚反应的前线轨道理论分析

采用密度泛函理论的M062X方法和6-311G(d,p)基组,对苯乙烯与苯酚的反应进行了分子轨道理论计算。通过讨论反应过程中各分子的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO),预测了化学反应的方向和相应的反应产物。经过前线轨道理论分析,得出苯乙烯与苯酚反应的关键步骤是形成苯乙烯基碳正离子,反应中H+起到催化作用;反应产物主要有4-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2,4-双-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚分子、2,4,6-三-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚(SP-3)、1,3-二苯基丁烯和4-(1,2-二苯丙基)苯酚。     

苯乙烯与苯酚反应的前线轨道理论分析

采用密度泛函理论的M062X方法和6-311G(d,p)基组,对苯乙烯与苯酚的反应进行了分子轨道理论计算.通过讨论反应过程中各分子的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO),预测了化学反应的方向和相应的反应产物.经过前线轨道理论分析,得出苯乙烯与苯酚反应的关键步骤是形成苯乙烯基碳正离子,反应中H+起到催化作用;反应产物主要有4-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2,4-双-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2,4,6-三-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚(SP-3)、1,3-二苯基丁烯和4-(1,2-二苯丙基)苯酚.     

Ultrasonic waste-water treatment: incidence of ultrasonic frequency on the rate of phenol and carbon tetrachloride degradation

Organic compounds in aqueous solution submitted to an ultrasonic irradiation behave differently according to their physical and chemical properties. In this work, hydrogen peroxide formation and the degradation rate of phenol and carbon tetrachloride have been studied at different frequencies: 20, 200, 500 and 800 kHz. Whatever the frequency, it is easier to decompose CCl₄ than phenol by means of ultrasonic wave. It is shown that the rates of reactions involving hydroxyl radicals (hydrogen peroxide formation and phenol degradation) have a maximum value at 200 kHz. The best yield observed at 200 kHz for the phenol degradation may be the result of better HO radicals availability outside of the bubble of cavitation. The degradation rate for carbon tetrachloride which decomposes into the bubble of cavitation increases with frequency. Calculating the reaction rate for one ultrasonic period shows that the efficiency of one ultrasonic cycle decreases as frequency increases.     

N-溴代丁二酰亚胺氧化体系流动注射化学发光法测定水中苯酚

在碱性介质中,N-溴代丁二酰亚胺氧化鲁米诺产生化学发光,苯酚对反应具有很强的抑制作用,据此建立了N-溴代丁二酰亚胺-鲁米诺-苯酚化学发光体系测定水中苯酚的新方法。当苯酚的浓度在1.0×10-5～9.0×10-4 mg·mL-1范围内,其浓度与发光强度呈良好的线性关系, 检出限是1.81×10-7 mg·mL-1, 相对标准偏差为1.11%, 将该方法直接用到水样中苯酚的测定, 取得满意的结果。并探讨了该化学发光反应的机理。     

Carbon-oxygen bond strength as a control of reaction kinetics: Phenol on Mo(110)

The reaction of phenol on Mo(110) has been studied using temperature programmed reaction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. After desorption of multilayers and a weakly bound molecular species, decomposition produces the only reaction products observed: gaseous dihydrogen, surface carbon and surface oxygen. The O-H bond cleaves first at temperatures below 360 K to form surface phenoxide (C₆H₅O-), followed by C-H bond activation commencing at 370 K. C-O bonds are cleaved in the temperature range of 370 to 450 K. After annealing to 300 K, multiple species are detected on the surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cleavage of C-H bonds in the same temperature regime as C-O bonds is thought to lead to selective decomposition of phenol on Mo(110). The reaction of phenol is contrasted to that of a sulfur-containing analogue, benzenethiol, on the Mo(110) surface. The stability of the phenoxide intermediate with respect to carbon-heteroatom bond cleavage is greater than that of the corresponding phenyl thiolate formed from benzenethiol. Comparison of the reaction of phenol and benzenethiol demonstrates the importance of C-X (X = O,S) bond strength in determining the reactivity and selectivity of these molecules.     

核磁共振磷谱在克林霉素磷酸酯合成中的应用研究

通过核磁共振磷谱对克林霉素磷酸酯合成反应过程进行跟踪，尤其是对克林霉素一氯代磷酸酯的水解情况进行了较为细致的分析，了解了反应中的一些机理问题，并依此确定了反应的最佳条件.     

Phenol degradation under visible light irradiation in the continuous system of photocatalysis and sonolysis

The combination of photocatalysis under visible light irradiation and sonolysis in the continuous system has been used to degrade an aqueous solution of phenol. ZnFe₂O₄/TiO₂–GAC was employed as the photocatalysts which were obtained by sol–gel process and characterized by spectroscopic X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses (SEM–EDX) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller sorptometer (BET). It was observed that the rates of phenol degradation were affected by the initial pH value of phenol solution, salt addition, gas supplying and the recycling times of the recovered photocatalyst. The kinetic law for the phenol degradation can be apparently expressed as the first-order with respect to the concentration of phenol. Degradation of phenol solution in the continuous system, i.e., photocatalysis and sonolysis has synergistic effect in comparison with the photocatalytic reaction and sonolysis, respectively.     

Fluorescence Investigations of Phenol Phototransformation in Aqueous Solutions

Absorption and fluorescence techniques were used to study special features of the XeCl laser-induced phototransformation of phenols in water and to compare the results obtained with those of photolysis of phenol solutions exposed to the UV radiation from mercury lamps. XeCl laser-induced phenol photolysis provided photoproducts not found on exposure to UV radiation. This is related to the two-photon population of highly excited phenol states under high-power laser pumping, which gives rise to a new phototransformation reaction pathway.