时域有限差分法数值仿真单光镊中微球受到的光阱力

本文采用三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)和Maxwell应力张量法建立了单光镊在焦点附近俘获球形微粒的光阱力模型,采用基于球矢量波函数(VSWF)的五阶高斯光源作为仿真光源,得到了准确的光场传播.讨论了光源的波长、束腰、偏振态和微球的半径、折射率对光阱力的影响,分析了在单光镊俘获微球时,邻近微球对光阱力的影响.特别研究了光源的偏振态对微球所受光阱力的作用效果,仿真结果表明圆偏振光比线偏振光对微球的俘获力更大;被光镊稳定俘获的微球,会受到邻近微球干扰,失去平衡状态,改变光源的偏振态可以改变微球的受力状态. 关键词： 光镊 光阱力 介质微球 时域有限差分法(FDTD)     

Manifestation of tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron in storage ring experiments

It was previously shown that the tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron causes the spin rotation with two frequencies and experiences beating for polarized deuteron beams in storage rings. We confirm an existence of this effect and derive general formulae describing deuteron spin dynamics. It is found that an initially tensor polarized deuteron beam can acquire a final horizontal vector polarization of order of 1%. This effect allows to measure the tensor magnetic polarizability of the deuteron in storage ring experiments.     

Radiative corrections to polarization observables in elastic electron-deuteron scattering in hadronic variables

Model-independent QED radiative corrections to polarization observables in the elastic scattering of unpolarized and longitudinally polarized electron beam by a deuteron target are calculated. Two experimental setups are considered: the deuteron target is arbitrarily polarized, or the vector and/or tensor polarization of the recoil deuteron is measured. The calculations are based on taking all essential Feynman diagrams into account and using the covariant parametrization of the deuteron polarization state. The radiative corrections are calculated for the hadronic variables using invariant integration of the leptonic tensor. Numerical estimates of the radiative corrections to the polarization observables are made for various values of the kinematical vari-ables.     

Measurements of the spin-correlation coefficients Cxx, Cyy and S for d-p scattering at Ed = 17.4, 19.5, 23.8 and 26.1 MeV

The spin-correlation coefficients C_xx, C_yy and S have been measured by scattering the vector and tensor polarized deuteron beam of the Grenoble cyclotron from a polarized proton target. Comparison is made with Faddeev equation calculations using a separable N-N interaction. The results are in good agreement only when P-waves and the tensor force are taken into account in the N-N interaction.     

Fast switchable electro-optic radial polarization retarder

A fast and switchable electro-optic radial polarization retarder (EO-RPR) fabricated using the electro-optic ceramic Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) is presented. This EO-RPR is useful for fast and switchable generation of a pure cylindrical vector beam. When used together with a pair of half-wave plates, the EO-RPR can change circularly polarized light into any cylindrical vector beam of interest, such as radially or azimuthally polarized light. Radially and azimuthally polarized light with purities greater than 95% are generated experimentally. The advantages of using EO-RPR include fast response time, low driving voltage, and transparency in a wide spectral range (500 to 7,000 nm).     

A simple generation of tunable inhomogeneously polarized beam by half-wave plate

Polarization which has attracted much attention plays an important role in many optical systems, and vector beam generation is very desirable. In this paper, a very simple method for generating tunable inhomogeneously polarized beam is proposed. Polarizing film is employed to construct conic polarization converter that can convert incident beam into inhomogeneously polarized vector beam. Two half-wave plates are put in light path, and by adjusting the angle between the fast axes of the two half-wavelength plates, the polarization distribution can be altered conveniently. Experiments have been made successfully to show that this kind of method is very simple and valid.     

Angular momentum of gaussian light beams

Analysis of the orbital angular momentum of paraxial light beams shows that a key role in the formation of this quantity is played by phase relations between longitudinal and transverse radiation fields. When a light beam is circularly polarized or has a helical wave front, the azimuthal component of the Poynting vector and the density of orbital angular momentum prove to be non-zero. In the case of circularly polarized radiation, the azimuthal component of the Poynting vector and the density of the orbital angular momentum can change the sign at different points in the cross section of the light beam, while the total orbital momentum of the beam remains quantized.     

左手材料中圆偏振光束的反常旋转特性研究

根据Whittaker标量势理论,建立了圆偏振光束的矢量传输模型.基于这一模型研究了圆偏振光束在左手材料中的反常旋转特性.通过分析光束偏振态、衍射对强度质心旋转特性的影响,发现圆偏振光束在左手材料中旋转方向反转并揭示其旋转角等于古伊相.采用分析横向能流的方法,揭示左手材料中反向的横向能流是导致反常旋转特性的主要原因.对圆偏振光束在左手材料中反常旋转特性的研究,有利于增强对左手材料中光束传输特性的认识. 关键词： 左手材料 圆偏振光束 旋转特性     

First spin flipping of a stored spin-1 polarized beam

We recently studied spin flipping of a 270 MeV vertically polarized deuteron beam stored in the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility Cooler Ring. We adiabatically swept an rf solenoid's frequency through an rf-induced spin resonance and observed its effect on the deuterons' vector and tensor polarizations. After optimizing the resonance crossing rate and maximizing the solenoid's voltage, we measured a vector spin-flip efficiency of 94.2%+/-0.3%. We also found striking behavior of the spin-1 tensor polarization.     

基于高次谐波产生的极紫外偏振涡旋光

突破传统涡旋光场束缚,发展短波极紫外涡旋光场是实现阿秒脉冲偏振控制的有效途径.本研究利用自制的平场光栅光谱仪和超快时间保持的单色仪,以800 nm,35 fs高斯或具有偏振奇点的涡旋光脉冲驱动诱导氩原子产生高次谐波,分别获得相应的高次谐波光谱以及谐波谱单阶光源的分布.实验结果表明,基于高次谐波产生实现近红外波段的涡旋光束特性转移到极紫外波段,优化后的极紫外涡旋可以实现每秒108光子数输出.同时发现极紫外波段的涡旋场和高斯场高次谐波产生具有相似相位匹配机制.基于高次谐波产生的极紫外波段的偏振涡旋光为探究和操控原子分子量子态的含时演化动力学以及形成阿秒矢量光束提供了重要的方法和技术手段.     

Quantum field theory of optical birefringence phenomena

The inverse Faraday effect, in which a magnetization is induced in a solution through which is passed a polarized light beam of arbitrary ellipticity, is discussed on the basis of the S-matrix formulation of optical birefringence. It is shown that the Faraday effect and the inverse Faraday effect are topologically identical problems of diagrammatic perturbation theory and so it follows automatically that the magnetization should be proportional to the Verdet constant. The optical Faraday effect is the circular birefringence induced by an intense circularly polarized beam of light propagated colinearly with the weak measuring beam: the electric vector of the circularly polarized beam interacts with the molecule in a way that resembles the interaction of a static magnetic field. The interrelations of these two effects and the normal Faraday effect the self-rotation of the polarization ellipse of an intense beam are discussed.     

Generation of vector beam with space-variant distribution of both polarization and phase

We present an idea to generate an arbitrary space-variant vector beam with structured polarization and phase distributions. The vector beams are synthesized from the left- and right-hand polarized light, each carrying different phase distributions. Both the phase and the state of polarization of vector beams can be tailored independently and dynamically by a spatial light modulator.     

Focal field computation of an arbitrarily polarized beam using fast Fourier transforms

In this work the vectorial diffraction theory of Richards and Wolf is extended to compute the focal field components of an arbitrarily polarized beam using fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations. Here the arbitrarily polarized pupil function is written as the vector sum of two mutually perpendicularly polarized pupil functions. The FFT based focal field expressions are particularly useful to compute the focal field components of pupil functions without a simple analytical form. We have then applied these expressions to simulate the effects of Zernike mode aberrations on the point spread functions of a number of important cylindrical-vector beam profiles such as radially and azimuthally polarized and helical light beams.     

Wavelength-dependent intensity distribution of a Gaussian beam scattered by a spherical particle

The wavelength-dependent intensity of a light beam scattered by an isotropic homogeneous particle illuminated with an on-axis monochromatic polarized Gaussian beam is calculated in this paper. The vector spherical harmonics expansion and T transformation matrix are used to form the theoretical basis. Numerical results show that the angular intensity distribution is symmetric for an on-axis polarized Gaussian beam illumination upon an aqueous spherical particle at 473, 532 and 660 nm. For the specified aqueous spherical particle, the scattered intensity distribution decreases with increase in wavelengths.     

Transverse shift of the transmitted beam of anon-uniformly polarized paraxial light beam at dielectric interfaces

This paper reports that the central position of the reflected and transmitted beams of a nonlinear polarized light beam at the interface between two media undergoes transverse shifts. It presents a solution to the problem of transverse shift of a non-uniformly polarized paraxial light beam transmitting through interfaces between two homogeneous media by using a two-form amplitude and an extension matrix to represent the vector angular spectrum of a three-dimensional （3D） light beam. It derives general formula for the transverse shift of the transmitted beam, and discusses the shift of a well-collimated beam transmitting through an interface between two homogeneous media and a thin dielectric slab.     

光在Metasurface中的自旋-轨道相互作用

探讨了光在Metasurface中的自旋-轨道相互作用, 理论分析了Metasurface 对圆偏振和线偏振光的转换. 结果表明: 光与具有空间非均匀性和各向异性性的Metasurface的相互作用导致了自旋-轨道角动量的耦合. 采用Metasurface与螺旋相位片组合在一起进行了验证实验, 所得实验结果与理论分析完全一致. 这些结论有助于我们更加深入理解Metasurface 对光的操控.     

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统波片相位延迟误差分析

分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像仪具有实时性好、空间分辨率高、精度高等优点,有很高的应用价值.分振幅型全Stokes同时偏振成像系统利用偏振分束器、1/2波片和1/4波片将入射光Stokes矢量调制在4幅图像中,可解析入射光Stokes矢量. 1/2波片和1/4波片的相位延迟误差对Stokes矢量测量精度有着不可忽略的影响.建立了包含上述两种误差的Stokes矢量测量误差方程,分析了1/2波片和1/4波片相位延迟耦合误差对自然光、0°/45°线偏光、左旋圆偏光等典型基态入射光的Stokes矢量测量误差的影响,推导了任意偏振态的Stokes矢量测量误差的表征方法.在邦加球球面和球内选取不同偏振度的Stokes矢量作为入射光进行仿真.结果表明, Stokes矢量测量误差和偏振度测量误差均随着入射光偏振度的增大而增大.选取入射光偏振度为1时的偏振测量精度评估系统.为满足2%的偏振测量精度, 1/2波片相位延迟误差应在±1.6°内, 1/4波片相位延迟误差应在±0.5°内.这对提高系统的偏振测量精度具有重要意义,为系统设计和研制提供了重要的理论指导.     

用线偏振光产生可调矢量椭圆空心光束

提出了利用π相位板产生矢量空心光束的新方案,两个偏振方向互相垂直的线偏振光波分别通过π相位板调制后进行强度叠加,得到椭圆空心光束,用矩形光阑调节相位板的几何尺寸,可以实时调节椭圆的离心率;调节π相位板的方位,能够实现径向矢量空心光束到角向矢量空心光束的转换。分析、讨论了方案的可行性和在原子光学中的潜在应用,结果表明:本方案在原子光学中有很好的应用前景。     

非均匀关联径向偏振部分相干光的产生

从理论和实验两方面对非均匀关联径向偏振部分相干光的产生进行了研究.理论上,基于相位关联与相干度的联系,推导出了非均匀关联径向偏振部分相干光的2×2阶交叉谱密度矩阵及相干度分布.实验上,利用一个相位型液晶空间光调制器的不同区域,对入射的完全相干的径向偏振光的两个正交偏振分量分别加载随机相位调制,并实验测量了这种光束的相干度分布及其对光强分布的影响.实验结果验证了光束相干度的非均匀关联结构,并且通过改变随机相位的高斯调制半宽可以改变光束的相干性分布.研究表明,随着随机相位的高斯调制半宽的增加,光束中两点间的相干度逐渐减小,其光强分布由圆环状逐渐变化为类平顶的光强分布.这种非均匀关联的径向偏振部分相干光在激光微操纵和材料加工等领域具有一定的潜在应用价值.     

The elliptical elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beam and its propagation through aligned and misaligned paraxial optical systems

A new kind of laser beam called the elliptical elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beam (EELGB) is defined by using tensor method. By using the generalized diffraction integral formulas for light beam passing through paraxial optical system, the analytical propagation formulas for EELGB passing through paraxial aligned and misaligned optical systems are obtained through vector integration. As examples of applications, the propagation properties of EELGBs in free space propagation and through a misaligned thin lens are studied.