N-取代-1,2,3-三氮唑化合物的合成研究进展

N-取代-1,2,3-三氮唑是一类重要的含氮杂环化合物,在药物化学、合成化学及材料等领域都具有广泛的应用价值.因此,N-取代-1,2,3-三氮唑的构建方法备受人们的关注.归纳总结了近年来N-取代-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成研究进展,主要介绍了以叠氮化合物、腙、Ts NHNH2和重氮为氮源以及NH-1,2,3-三氮唑为前体合成N-取代-1,2,3-三氮唑化合物的合成路线及其反应机理,并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望.     

含1,2,3-三氮唑结构的1,5-苯并硫氮杂[艹卓]的合成及其抑真菌活性

设计合成了三类含1,2,3-三氮唑结构的1,5-苯并硫氮杂[艹卓]化合物3-(1H-1,2,3-三氮唑)-4-芳基-2,5-二氢-1,5-苯并硫氮杂[艹卓](5a^5f)、3-(2H-1,2,3-三氮唑)-4-芳基-2,3-二氢-1,5-苯并硫氮杂[艹卓](6a^6f)和3-(1H-1,2,3-三氮唑)-4-芳基-2,3,4,5-四氢-1,5-苯并硫氮杂[艹卓](7a^7f).研究了中间体及目标产物的合成条件,分离出其中两个副产物并进行了结构确定.目标产物的抑真菌活性测试表明,化合物5a^5f对真菌具有良好的抑制作用,对新生隐球菌的抑制效果尤为突出.初步抑真菌构效关系研究表明, 1H-1,2,3-三氮唑环和C=C双键是化合物5a^5f抑真菌活性的关键官能团.     

4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑的修饰转化研究进展

1,2,3-三氮唑是一类广泛应用在医药、农药以及材料等领域的五元氮杂环结构.自2002年Sharpless和Meldal等发展了铜催化叠氮-炔偶极环加成反应以来,1,2,3-三唑化学在有机合成和药物化学领域的应用进入了新的发展阶段.4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑是该类化合物家族中的重要成员之一,其结构具有易于修饰转化的优点,由此可获得结构新颖、种类多样的衍生物分子.主要综述了4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑在结构修饰方面的研究进展,转化情况根据反应位点的不同分别展开,包括N¹、N²以及N³位,并讨论了反应的底物范围、局限性以及代表性反应机理.     

3-甲基-4-氨基-5-[二-(4-氟苯基)]甲硫基-1,2,4-三氮唑席夫碱的微波合成及表征

微波辐射下,二氨基硫脲与乙酸反应制得3-甲基-4-氨基-1,2,4-三氮唑-5-硫酮(1),在无水乙醇中以三乙胺作为反应的缚酸剂,1与[二-(4-氟苯基)]甲基氯经微波辐射制得中间体3-甲基-4-氨基-5-[二-(4-氟苯基)]甲硫基-1,2,4-三氮唑(2),然后中间体2与芳香醛经缩合反应制得了10个Schiff碱3a～3j.合成的10个目标化合物通过熔点测定和质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析、元素分析对其结构进行确证.     

4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成进展(Ⅱ)—通过去取代基反应

1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物是近些年研究热点化合物之一,随着4-单取代型衍生物在医药、农药、材料等领域的广泛应用,该类化合物的合成及应用近些年引起了广大研究者的关注并获得了可喜进展。本文阐述了4-单取代-1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物的合成发展历史,着重综述了近十年来该类唑衍生物的合成发展情况。内容主要涵盖二取代-1,2,3-三氮唑的去取代基反应,包括脱羧、脱苄基、脱羟(酰氧)基及脱取代乙基等反应。文章还包括一些合成方法及其产物的应用,并对一些重要的反应机理做了分析。文章最后对该类化合物的合成做了总结并展望了未来发展方向。     

新型N-甲氧基-N-苯基氨基甲酸酯类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

为了寻找高效、低毒的新农药,采用活性结构拼接法合成了含1H-1,2,4-三氮唑基的N-甲氧基-N-{2-[1-取代苯基-2-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-1-基)-1-丙酮]}苯基氨基甲酸甲酯化合物10个。所有的化合物都经^1H NMR、红外、LC／MS进行了表征。生测活性表明,部分化合物对小麦赤霉病、稻瘟病、黄瓜灰霉病、小麦白粉病有较好的抑菌活性。     

1, 2, 3-三氮唑衍生物的合成

随着1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物在医药、农药、材料等领域的广泛应用,其合成引起了广大研究者的关注。本文阐述了1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物合成的发展历史,着重综述了近十年来1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物合成的发展情况,主要包括铜催化的有机叠氮化合物与末端炔的1,3-偶极环加成反应合成1,4-二取代-1,2,3-三氮唑、钌催化的有机叠氮化合物与末端炔反应合成1,5-二取代-1,2,3-三氮唑、有机催化剂法、金属炔化物及活化炔参与法等合成1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物的一些新成果。文章还介绍了一些合成方法在医药领域的应用,并对重要的反应机理作了分析,最后对该类化合物的合成作了总结并展望了未来发展方向。     

连氨基脲链的三氮唑并噻二唑类DOT1L抑制剂的设计、合成及活性

依据优势片段结合的药物设计方法,设计了新的连接有氨基脲链的三氮唑并噻二唑类DOT1L(类端粒沉默干扰体1)酶抑制剂.化合物的合成以芳香酸为原料,经五步反应得到了含苄基氯结构的三氮唑并噻二唑中间体13.弱碱性(DIPEA)条件下,化合物13与氨基侧链发生亲核取代反应,得到连氨基脲链的三氮唑并噻二唑类化合物15a～15k;而在强碱性(NaH)条件下,化合物13自身反应得到新的三氮唑并噻二唑连三氮唑并噻二嗪的二聚结构类似物22a～22d.测试了化合物15和22对DOT1L的酶抑制活性,结果显示所测化合物在50μmol·L^-1时表现出中等或较弱的DOT1L抑制活性,其中化合物15k和二聚类似物22a活性最好,IC₅₀值分别为25.92和10.59μmol·L^-1,但均低于阳性对照物(E)-6-(2-(呋喃-2-基)乙烯基)-3-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二唑的酶抑制活性.分子对接实验提示,氨基脲侧链体积较大,可能是所合成化合物活性较低的主要原因.     

氮氧自由基三氮唑糖苷衍生物的设计、合成、结构表征与抗缺氧活性评价

氮氧自由基HPN作为一种新型的自由基清除剂,具有良好的抗缺氧活性。为了改善HPN的溶解性和抗缺氧活性,本项目根据活性基团拼接原理,合成了一系列糖基化三氮唑HPN衍生物。首先以乙腈为溶剂、碳酸钾为碱,HPN与1-溴丙炔反应将炔丙基引入HPN分子中,然后在CuI/DIPEA催化下和乙酰叠氮糖发生1,3-偶极环加成反应合成乙酰糖基化三氮唑HPN衍生物（2a~2e）,最后在CH3ONa/CH3OH条件下脱除乙酰基得到5个糖基化三氮唑HPN衍生物（3a~3e）。化合物3a~3e产率均在80%以上,化学结构经过红外光谱（IR）、电子顺磁共振（EPR）、质谱（MS）和元素分析（EA）确证。通过常压密闭缺氧实验和急性减压耐受实验考察化合物的抗缺氧活性,结果表明：化合物3a~3e均可以延长常压密闭缺氧小鼠的生存时间,降低急性减压小鼠的死亡率。化合物3a~3e合成方法简便,反应条件温和、产率较高,其中化合物3a~3d的水溶性明显增加,同时表现出类似或者优于HPN的抗缺氧活性。     

吡唑三杂环化合物的制备表征及生物活性的研究

以1,3-二苯基-4-吡唑甲醛为原料, 合成中间体吡唑腙和吡唑基氨基硫脲, 进一步合成出一系列新颖的含有1,3,4-噁二唑, 1,2,4-三氮唑和1,3,4-噻二唑的吡唑三杂环的化合物, 通过抑菌圈法和营养肉汤法对所制备的化合物的抗菌活性进行了测试, 测试结果表明: 3-芳基-4-(1,3-二苯基-4-吡唑甲酰基)-1,2,4-三唑啉-5-硫酮对金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌活性.     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.