Linear Systems on Fano Threefolds. I

Abstract

In this note, we classify all the polarized Fano threefold (X, H) with Bs|H|¬ = ?. As corollaries we obtained that (1) the very ample part of the conjecture of Fujita holds for smooth Fano threefolds and (2) global Seshadri constants of ample divisors on Fano threefolds are bounded from below by 1 except three types of polarized Fano threefolds.     

Adjoints and pluricanonical adjoints to an algebraic hypersurface

. We develop the theory of canonical and pluricanonical adjoints, of global canonical and pluricanonical adjoints, and of adjoints and global adjoints to an irreducible, algebraic hypersurface V?? ⁿ , under certain hypotheses on the singularities of V. We subsequently apply the results of the theory to construct a non-singular threefold of general type X, desingularization of a hypersurface V of degree six in ?⁴, having the birational invariants q ₁=q ₂=p _g =0, P ₂=P ₃=5. We demonstrate that the bicanonical map ? _|2KX| is birational and finally, as a consequence of the Riemann–Roch theorem and vanishing theorems, we prove that any non-singular model Y, birationally equivalent to X, has the canonical divisors K _Y that do not (simultaneously) satisfy the two properties: (K _Y ³)>0 and K _Y numerically effective.     

Linear systems on Fano threefolds II

In this note we classify (1) a polarized smooth Fano threefold (X,H) for which |H| fails to be very ample and (2) a nef divisor N on a smooth Fano threefold with Bs|N|.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 14C20, 14J45, 14E25The author was supported in part by KOSEF Grant #R14 -2002-007-01001-0(2002).     

Generalized absolute Cesaro summability of a Fourier series

In an attempt to study the scope of a theorem due to Pati, the authors have established that φ(t) logK|t∈B _u V in (0,π)⟹ΣA _n (x) is |C, 0,β| forβ>1, at the pointt = x.     

Threefolds with big and nef anticanonical bundles II

In a follow-up to our paper [Threefolds with big and nef anticanonical bundles I, Math. Ann., 2005, 333(3), 569–631], we classify smooth complex projective threefolds Xwith −K _X big and nef but not ample, Picard number γ(X) = 2, and whose anticanonical map is small. We assume also that the Mori contraction of X and of its flop X ⁺ are not both birational.     

Basic Propositional Calculus II. Interpolation

Let ℒ and ? be propositional languages over Basic Propositional Calculus, and ℳ = ℒ∩?. Weprove two different but interrelated interpolation theorems. First, suppose that Π is a sequent theory over ℒ, and Σ∪ {C⇒C′} is a set of sequents over ?, such that Π,Σ⊢C⇒C′. Then there is a sequent theory Φ over ℳ such that Π⊢Φ and Φ, Σ⊢C⇒C′. Second, let A be a formula over ℒ, and C ₁, C ₂ be formulas over ?, such that A∧C ₁⊢C ₂. Then there exists a formula B over ℳ such that A⊢B and B∧C ₁⊢C ₂. Received: 7 January 1998 / Published online: 18 May 2001     

Bipolarized threefolds with hyperelliptic curve sections

A classification of smooth complex projective threefoldsX polarized by two very ample line bundlesL andM is given, under the assumption that two general elements of |L| and |M| intersect transversally along a smooth hyperelliptic curve.

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Sunto Si fornisce una classificazione delle terne (X,L,M), doveX è una varietà algebrica proiettiva complessa liscia di dimensione 3 edL,M sono due fibrati lineari molto ampi suX, tali che l’intersezione di due elementi generici di |L| ed |M| sia una curva iperellittica.

     

Admissible wavelets on the Siegel domain of type one

LetSp(n, R) be the sympletic group, and letK _n * be its maximal compact subgroup. ThenG=Sp(n,R)/K _n * can be realized as the Siegel domain of type one. The square-integrable representation ofG gives the admissible wavelets AW and wavelet transform. The characterization of admissibility condition in terms of the Fourier transform is given. The Bergman kernel follows from the viewpoint of coherent state. With the Laguerre polynomials, Hermite polynomials and Jacobi polynomials, two kinds of orthogonal bases for AW are given, and they then give orthogonal decompositions ofL ²-space on the Siegel domain of type one ℒ(ℋ _n , |y| *dxdy). Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19631080).     

Pluricanonical systems on irregular 3-folds of general type

In this paper we prove that if X is an irregular 3-fold with χ(ω _X ) > 0, then |mK _X | is birational for all m ≥ 5.The first author was partially supported by NSC and NCTS of Taiwan. The second author was partially supported by NSF research grant no: 0456363.     

M-structure in dual Banach spaces

A result previously known only for certain ordered Banach spaces is generalized to arbitrary real Banach spaces. Let ℒ be the Banach algebra of operators generated by theL-projections of a real Banach spaceU, and let ℳ (U ^* be the bounded operators on the dual spaceU ^* with adjoint in ℒ(U ^**. Then the adjoint operation maps ℒ (U) onto ℳ (U ^*). In particular, anyM-projection ofU ^* is weak^* continuous. Supported in part by the National Science Foundation.     

On the Exel Crossed Product of Topological Covering Maps

For dynamical systems defined by a covering map of a compact Hausdorff space and the corresponding transfer operator, the associated crossed product C ^*-algebras C(X)⋊ _α,ℒℕ introduced by Exel and Vershik are considered. An important property for homeomorphism dynamical systems is topological freeness. It can be extended in a natural way to in general non-invertible dynamical systems generated by covering maps. In this article, it is shown that the following four properties are equivalent: the dynamical system generated by a covering map is topologically free; the canonical embedding of C(X) into C(X)⋊ _α,ℒℕ is a maximal abelian C ^*-subalgebra of C(X)⋊ _α,ℒℕ; any nontrivial two sided ideal of C(X)⋊ _α,ℒℕ has non-zero intersection with the embedded copy of C(X); a certain natural representation of C(X)⋊ _α,ℒℕ is faithful. This result is a generalization to non-invertible dynamics of the corresponding results for crossed product C ^*-algebras of homeomorphism dynamical systems.     

Smooth regularization of plurisubharmonic functions

We consider the problem of approximating a given plurisubharmonic function by smooth plurisubharmonic functions. We propose a new constructive approximation method that permits one to obtain more detailed information about the approximating functions. Thus a functionu ∈ PSH(ℂ ⁿ ) having finite growth order can be approximated by smooth functionsv ∈ PSH(ℂ ⁿ ) so that the difference |v−u| has almost logarithmic growth (Theorem 2). It can also be approximated so that the difference |v−u| has a power-law growth; in this case, however, power-law estimates on |gradv| appear (Theorem 3). Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 312–320, August, 1997. Translated by I. P. Zvyagin     

Involutions on surfaces with pg?=?q?=?0 and K2?=?3

We study surfaces of general type S with p _g  = 0 and K ² = 3 having an involution i such that the bicanonical map of S is not composed with i. It is shown that, if S/i is not rational, then S/i is birational to an Enriques surface or it has Kodaira dimension 1 and the possibilities for the ramification divisor of the covering map S → S/i are described. We also show that these two cases do occur, providing an example. In this example S has a hyperelliptic fibration of genus 3 and the bicanonical map of S is of degree 2 onto a rational surface.     

On maximal actions and <Emphasis Type="Italic">w</Emphasis>-maximal actions of finite hypergroups

Sunder and Wildberger (J. Algebr. Comb. 18, 135–151, 2003) introduced the notion of actions of finite hypergroups, and studied maximal irreducible actions and *-actions. One of the main results of Sunder and Wildberger states that if a finite hypergroup K admits an irreducible action which is both a maximal action and a *-action, then K arises from an association scheme. In this paper we will first show that an irreducible maximal action must be a *-action, and hence improve Sunder and Wildberger’s result (Theorem 2.9). Another important type of actions is the so-called w-maximal actions. For a w-maximal action π:K→Aff (X), we will prove that π is faithful and |X|≥|K|, and |K| is the best possible lower bound of |X|. We will also discuss the strong connectivity of the digraphs induced by a w-maximal action.     

Chains of baire class 1 functions and various notions of special trees

Following Laczkovich we consider the partially ordered setB ₁(ℝ) of Baire class 1 functions endowed with the pointwise order, and investigate the order types of the linearly ordered subsets. Answering a question of Komjáth and Kunen we show (inZFC) that special Aronszajn lines are embeddable intoB ₁(ℝ). We also show that under Martin's Axiom a linearly ordered set ℒ with |ℒ| < 2^ω is embeddable intoB ₁(ℝ) iff ℒ does not contain a copy of ω₁ or ω _* ¹ . We present aZFC example of a linear order of size 2^ω showing that this characterisation is not valid for orders of size continuum. These results are obtained using the notion of a compact-special tree; that is, a tree that is embeddable into the class of compact subsets of the reals partially ordered under reverse inclusion. We investigate how this notion is related to the well-known notion of an ℝ-special tree and also to some other notions of specialness. Partially supported by Hungarian Scientific Foundation grant no. 37758, 49786 and F 43620. The second author's research for this paper was partially supported by NSERC of Canada.     

Sums of lengtht in Abelian groups

LetG be an Abelian group written additively,B a finite subset ofG, and lett be a positive integer. Fort≦|B|, letB _t denote the set of sums oft distinct elements overB. Furthermore, letK be a subgroup ofG and let σ denote the canonical homomorphism σ:G→G/K. WriteB _t (modB _t) forB _tσ and writeB _t (modK) forBσ. The following addition theorem in groups is proved. LetG be an Abelian group with no 2-torsion and letB a be finite subset ofG. Ift is a positive integer such thatt<|B| then |B _t (modK)|≧|B (modK)| for any finite subgroupK ofG.     

On the 2 very ampleness of the adjoint bundle

Let S be a smooth projective surface over C polarized by a 2-very ample line bundle L=O _S(L), i.e. for any 0-dimensional subscheme (Z,O _Z ) of length 3 the restriction map Γ(L)→Γ(L⊗O _Z) is a surjection. This generalization of very ampleness was recently introduced by M. Beltrametti and A.J. Sommese. The authors prove that, if L·L≥13, the adjoint line bundleK _S⊗L is 2-very ample apart from a list of well understood exceptions and up to contracting down the smooth rational curves E such that E·E=−1, L·E=2. The appendix contains an inductive argument in order to extend the result in higher dimension.     

The Probability that a Convex Body Intersects the Integer Lattice in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-dimensional Set

Let K be a convex body in ℝ ^d . It is known that there is a constant C ₀ depending only on d such that the probability that a random copy ρ(K) of K does not intersect ℤ ^d is smaller than \fracC₀|K|\frac{C_{0}}{|K|} and this is best possible. We show that for every k<d there is a constant C such that the probability that ρ(K) contains a subset of dimension k is smaller than \fracC|K|\frac{C}{|K|}. This is best possible if k=d−1. We conjecture that this is not best possible in the rest of the cases; if d=2 and k=0 then we can obtain better bounds. For d=2, we find the best possible value of C ₀ in the limit case when width(K)→0 and |K|→∞.     

Generic vanishing index and the birationality of the bicanonical map of irregular varieties

We prove that any smooth complex projective variety with generic vanishing index bigger or equal than 2 has birational bicanonical map. Therefore, if X is a smooth complex projective variety φ with maximal Albanese dimension and non-birational bicanonical map, then the Albanese image of X is fibred by subvarieties of codimension at most 1 of an abelian subvariety of Alb X.