On crystal shear,lattice rotation and constraint stress in (1 1 0) channel die compression: rate-independent and viscoplastic analyses and predictions compared

Rate-independent crystal plasticity theory and a classic viscoplastic power-law are investigated, contrasted and compared for finite deformation analysis of fcc crystals in channel die compression, including full consideration of lattice straining. Both experiment-based anisotropic and isotropic (Taylor) hardenings are evaluated in rate-independent theory; and an unlimited range of power-law exponent n is considered in viscoplasticity. The focus is on predictions of lateral constraint stress, lattice rotation and crystal shear, and their comparison with experiment. General elastic-plastic equations (for both theories) are given for the range of unstable lattice orientations in (1?1?0) compression (‘range I’) and evaluated before and after a finite rotation of the lattice about the load axis. Equations also are given and evaluated for the ‘Brass’ orientation. It is shown that the theories can be in close agreement at the onset of finite deformation in range I, but that viscoplasticity gives results (for any n) after finite rotation that are in sharp contrast to rate-independent theory. The latter’s predictions for crystal shear and lattice rotation are in good to very good agreement with finite deformation experiments on aluminium and copper. The inclusion of lattice elasticity is found to have a negligible effect in range I. In contrast, for finite deformation in the stable Brass orientation, elastic-viscoplastic theory can be made to agree very closely with rate-independent theory and with experiment.     

Indentation studies on alkaline earth fluoride crystals at elevated temperatures

Indentations have been made on the (111) planes of CaF₂, SrF₂ and BaF₂ at various temperatures up to 700°C. By etching the crystals, the indentation dislocation rosettes (IDRs) have been recorded and the relative hardness is estimated from the dimensions of the IDRs. The hardness of all these crystals falls with temperature according to the equationH=A exp(−BT). Dramatic changes are observed in the shape of the IDR at elevated temperatures indicating activation of new slip systems.     

Determination of Calcium and Iron and Measurements of Ash Content in the Brown Coal

Applying the XRF technique and the low-energy X-ray backscattering method an attempt of calcium and iron determination, as well as measurement of the ash content in the brown coal was made. A ²³⁸Pu source, an argon filled propotional counter and a three channel pulse height analyser were used. A simple theoretical model is proposed and obtained results are discussed.     

Dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission from alkali halide crystals

The present paper reports the dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission (AE) from alkali halide crystals. Equations are derived for the strain dependence of the transient AE pulse rate, peak value of the AE pulse rate and the total number of AE pulse emitted. It is found that the AE pulse rate should be maximum for a particular strain of the crystals. The peak value of the AE pulse rate should depend on the volume and strain rate of the crystals, and also on the pinning time of dislocations. Since the pinning time of dislocations decreases with increasing strain rate, the AE pulse rate should be weakly dependent on the strain rate of the crystals. The total number of AE should increase linearly with deformation and then it should attain a saturation value for the large deformation. By measuring the strain dependence of the AE pulse rate at a fixed strain rate, the time constantτ _s for surface annihilation of dislocations and the pinning timeτ _p of the dislocations can be determined. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results related to the AE from alkali halide crystals.     

Modeling light propagation in liquid crystal devices with a 3-D full-vector finite-element beam propagation method

A full-vector finite-element beam propagation method in 3-D is introduced for the simulation of light propagation in liquid crystal (LC) devices. The three electric field components are expressed in terms of mixed finite elements, providing the correct enforcement of boundary conditions. Moreover, the optical dielectric tensor of the medium can have all its nine elements nonzero, thus allowing the LC director to have an arbitrary orientation. A photonic crystal fiber with a LC infiltrated core and a homeotropic to multi-domain cell are analyzed. Comparison with other existing simulation techniques is provided, in order to validate the accuracy of the proposed method.     

Selective role of bainitic lath boundary in influencing slip systems and consequent deformation mechanisms and delamination in high-strength low-alloy steel

We elucidate here the deformation behaviour and delamination phenomenon in a high-strength low-alloy bainitic steel, in terms of microstructure, texture and stress evolution during deformation via in situ electron back-scattered diffraction and electron microscopy. Furthermore, the selective role of bainitic lath boundary on slip systems was studied in terms of dislocation pile-up and grain boundary energy models. During tensile deformation, the texture evolution was concentrated at {1 1 0}<1 1 1> and the laths were turn parallel to loading direction. The determining role of lath on the deformation behaviour is governed by length/thickness (l/t) ratio. When l/t > 28, the strain accommodates along the bainite lath rather than along the normal direction. The delamination crack initiated normal to (0 1 1) plane, and become inclined to (0 1 1) plane with continued strain along (0 1 1) plane and lath plane. This indicated that the delamination is not brittle process but plastic process. The lack of dimples at the delaminated surface is because of lack of strain normal to the direction of lath. The delaminated (0 1 1) planes were associated with cleavage along the (1 0 0) plane.     

Field emission theory of dislocation-sensitized photo-stimulated exo-electron emission from coloured alkali halide crystals

A new field emission theory of dislocation-sensitized photo-stimulated exo-electron emission (DSPEE) is proposed, which shows that the increase in the intensity of photo emission fromF-centres during plastic deformation is caused by the appearance of an electric field which draws excited electrons out of the deeper layer and, therefore, increases the number of electrons which reach the surface. The theory of DSPEE shows that the variation of DSPEE flux intensity should obey the following relation

二维非极性晶体中声学形变势表面磁极化子

本文研究磁场中二维非极性晶体通过形变势与声学声子强、弱耦合的表面极化子的性质。采用线性组合算符和拉格朗日乘子法导出表面磁极化子的基态能量。讨论了表面磁极化子的振动频率、基态能量和有效质量与磁场的关系。     

二维光子晶体能带结构温度特性研究

采用有限元法对二维光子晶体的能带特性进行了分析.当光子晶体所受的温度发生变化时,由于构成二维光子晶体介质的热光效应,引起介质的折射率变化,介质的热膨胀效应引起介质厚度发生变化,改变了光子晶体的晶格周期,使得光子晶体的能带结构发生变化.分析了温度变化对二维光子晶体的第一禁带和第二禁带结构特性的影响,各禁带的起始波长、截止...     

二维正方晶格多点缺陷声子晶体实验研究

基于超声浸水透射技术, 实验研究了有限尺寸二维正方晶格钢/水声子晶体多点缺陷模态性质. 利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立该声子晶体有限元计算方法, 求解了9×9超胞多点缺陷声子晶体能带结构, 把缺陷局域模态频率与数值仿真和实验结果进行对比, 结果表明: 实验数据和理论值能够很好符合. 进一步分析发现, 点缺陷数量影响声波局域效应、本征模态和传播特性, 为设计有限尺寸声波器件提供理论依据.关键词：声子晶体多点缺陷实验研究有限元     

有限晶体中的电子态

传统的固体物理中的电子态的理论实质上是无限晶体中的电子态的理论。但是任何真实晶体的尺寸都是有限的。文章简单介绍了作者最近提出的有限晶体中的电子态的理论的一些背景材料和主要的新结果。其中一些结果和固体物理界的传统看法很不一样。     

有限周期电磁结构的区域分解快速算法

针对有限周期电磁结构,提出一种高效率的有限元分裂与互连算法.把原求解区域划分成若干个子区域,显著地降低了问题的复杂度.根据广义变分原理,采用拉格朗日乘子在子区域之间交换信息,并建立其相应的粗问题.研究子区域系数矩阵的可逆性.通过引入基本子区域,实现可扩展并行计算,且尤其适合于分析光子晶体等有限周期结构.