A combinatorial Yamabe flow in three dimensions

A combinatorial version of Yamabe flow is presented based on Euclidean triangulations coming from sphere packings. The evolution of curvature is then derived and shown to satisfy a heat equation. The Laplacian in the heat equation is shown to be a geometric analogue of the Laplacian of Riemannian geometry, although the maximum principle need not hold. It is then shown that if the flow is nonsingular, the flow converges to a constant curvature metric.     

The classification of locally conformally flat Yamabe solitons

This paper addresses the classification of locally conformally flat gradient Yamabe solitons. In the first part it is shown that locally conformally flat gradient Yamabe solitons with positive sectional curvature are rotationally symmetric. In the second part the classification of all radially symmetric gradient Yamabe solitons is given and their correspondence to smooth self-similar solutions of the fast diffusion equation on Rⁿ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ is shown. In the last section it is shown that any eternal solution to the Yamabe flow with positive Ricci curvature and with the scalar curvature attaining an interior space–time maximum must be a steady Yamabe soliton.     

Discrete quasi-Einstein metrics and combinatorial curvature flows in 3-dimension

Motivated by the definition of combinatorial scalar curvature given by Cooper and Rivin, we introduce a new combinatorial scalar curvature. Then we define the discrete quasi-Einstein metric, which is a combinatorial analogue of the constant scalar curvature metric in smooth case. We find that discrete quasi-Einstein metric is critical point of both the combinatorial Yamabe functional and the quadratic energy functional we defined on triangulated 3-manifolds. We introduce combinatorial curvature flows, including a new type of combinatorial Yamabe flow, to study the discrete quasi-Einstein metrics and prove that the flows produce solutions converging to discrete quasi-Einstein metrics if the initial normalized quadratic energy is small enough. As a corollary, we prove that nonsingular solution of the combinatorial Yamabe flow with nonpositive initial curvatures converges to discrete quasi-Einstein metric. The proof relies on a careful analysis of the discrete dual-Laplacian, which we interpret as the Jacobian matrix of curvature map.     

Discrete Morse Flow for Yamabe Type Heat Flows

In this paper, we study the discrete Morse flow for either Yamabe type heat flow or nonlinear heat flow on a bounded regular domain in the whole space. We show that under suitable assumptions on the initial data $g$ one has a weak approximate discrete Morse flow for the Yamabe type heat flow on any time interval. This phenomenon is very different from the smooth Yamabe flow, where the finite time blow up may exist.     

Yamabe flow on manifolds with edges

Let be a compact oriented Riemannian manifold with an incomplete edge singularity. This article shows that it is possible to evolve g by the Yamabe flow within a class of singular edge metrics. As the main analytic step we establish parabolic Schauder‐type estimates for the heat operator on certain Hölder spaces adapted to the singular edge geometry. We apply these estimates to obtain local existence for a variety of quasilinear equations, including the Yamabe flow. This provides a setup for a subsequent discussion of the Yamabe problem using flow techniques in the singular setting.     

Weak and smooth solutions for a fractional Yamabe flow: The case of general compact and locally conformally flat manifolds

As a counterpart of the classical Yamabe problem, a fractional Yamabe flow has been introduced by Jin and Xiong (2014) on the sphere. Here we pursue its study in the context of general compact smooth manifolds with positive fractional curvature. First, we prove that the flow is locally well posed in the weak sense on any compact manifold. If the manifold is locally conformally flat with positive Yamabe invariant, we also prove that the flow is smooth and converges to a constant fractional curvature metric. We provide different proofs using extension properties introduced by Chang and González (2011) for the conformally covariant fractional order operators.     

CR Geometry in 3-D

CR geometry studies the boundary of pseudo-convex manifolds.By concentrating on a choice of a contact form,the local geometry bears strong resemblence to conformal geometry.This paper deals with the role conformally invariant operators such as the Paneitz operator plays in the CR geometry in dimension three.While the sign of this operator is important in the embedding problem,the kernel of this operator is also closely connected with the stability of CR structures.The positivity of the CR-mass under the natural sign conditions of the Paneitz operator and the CR Yamabe operator is discussed.The CR positive mass theorem has a consequence for the existence of minimizer of the CR Yamabe problem.The pseudo-Einstein condition studied by Lee has a natural analogue in this dimension,and it is closely connected with the pluriharmonic functions.The author discusses the introduction of new conformally covariant operator P-prime and its associated Q-prime curvature and gives another natural way to find a canonical contact form among the class of pseudo-Einstein contact forms.Finally,an isoperimetric constant determined by the Q-prime curvature integral is discussed.     

CR Geometry in 3-D(Dedicated to Professor Haim Brezis with admiration)

CR geometry studies the boundary of pseudo-convex manifolds. By concentrating on a choice of a contact form, the local geometry bears strong resemblence to conformal geometry. This paper deals with the role conformally invariant operators such as the Paneitz operator plays in the CR geometry in dimension three. While the sign of this operator is important in the embedding problem, the kernel of this operator is also closely connected with the stability of CR structures. The positivity of the CR-mass under the natural sign conditions of the Paneitz operator and the CR Yamabe operator is discussed. The CR positive mass theorem has a consequence for the existence of minimizer of the CR Yamabe problem. The pseudo-Einstein condition studied by Lee has a natural analogue in this dimension, and it is closely connected with the pluriharmonic functions.The author discusses the introduction of new conformally covariant operator P-prime and its associated Q-prime curvature and gives another natural way to find a canonical contact form among the class of pseudo-Einstein contact forms. Finally, an isoperimetric constant determined by the Q-prime curvature integral is discussed.     

Yamabe流下黎曼流形上热方程的梯度估计

研究了在Yamabe流下演化的一个完备非紧黎曼流形,对流形上热方程的正解给出了两种局部的梯度估计.作为应用,可以得到这个热方程的Harnack不等式.     

Conformal entropy rigidity through Yamabe flows

We introduce two versions of the Yamabe flow which preserve negative scalar-curvature bounds. First we show existence and smooth convergence of solutions to these flows. We then show that a metric with negative scalar curvature is controlled by the Yamabe metrics in the same conformal class with constant extremal scalar curvatures. This implies that the volume entropy of our original metric is controlled by the entropies of these Yamabe metrics. We eventually use these Yamabe flows to prove an entropy-rigidity result: when the Yamabe metric has negative sectional curvature, the entropy of a metric in the same conformal class is extremal if and only if the metric has constant extremal scalar curvature.     

A new curvature condition preserved by the Ricci flow

In this paper, we establish a new curvature condition preserved by the Ricci flow, which is named as 2-parameters nonnegative curvature condition. It relies on the first, second and third eigenvalues of the Riemannian curvature operator. Based on this, we prove the strong maximum principle for the 2-parameters nonnegativity along Ricci flow.     

Lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the Spin~c Dirac-Witten operator

In this paper,we get optimal lower bounds for the eigenvalues of the Spin c Dirac-Witten operator.These estimates are given in terms of the mean curvature and different geometric invariants as the scalar curvature,the first eigenvalue of the perturbed Yamabe operator and the spinorial energy-momentum tensor.The limiting cases are also discussed.     

On complete Finslerian Yamabe solitons

Here it is shown that any Finslerian compact Yamabe soliton with bounded above scalar curvature is of constant scalar curvature. Furthermore, this extension of Yamabe solitons is developed for inequalities and among the others, it is proved that a forward complete non-compact shrinking Yamabe soliton has finite fundamental group and its first cohomology group vanishes, providing the scalar curvature is strictly bounded above.     

Extremal Metrics for Quadratic Functional of Scalar Curvature on Closed 3-Manifolds

In this paper, we first show the global existence of the three-dimensionalCalabi flow on any closed 3-manifold with an arbitrary background metric g ₀. Second, we show the asymptotic convergence of a subsequence ofsolutions of the Calabi flow on a closed 3-manifold with Yamabe constant Q < 0 or Q = 0 and Q > 0, up to conformal transformations. With itsapplication, we prove the existence of extremal metrics for quadraticfunctional of scalar curvature on a closed 3-manifold which is served asan extension of the Yamabe problem on closed manifolds. Moreover, theexistence of extremal metrics on complete noncompact 3-manifolds willdiscuss elsewhere.     

Discrete α-Yamabe flow in 3-dimension

We generalize the discrete Yamabe flow to α order. This Yamabe flow deforms the α-order curvature to a constant. Using this new flow, we manage to find discrete α-quasi-Einstein metrics on the triangulations of S³.     

Eigenvalue Monotonicity for the Ricci-Hamilton Flow

In this short note, we discuss the monotonicity of the eigen-values of the Laplacian operator to the Ricci-Hamilton flow on a compact or a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold. We show that the eigenvalue of the Lapacian operator on a compact domain associated with the evolving Ricci flow is non-decreasing provided the scalar curvature having a non-negative lower bound and Einstein tensor being not too negative. This result will be useful in the study of blow-up models of the Ricci-Hamilton flow. Mathematics Subject Classifications (1991): 53C44 In Memory of S.S. Chern     

Lower Bounds for the Eigenvalues of the Dirac Operator: Part II. The Submanifold Dirac Operator

In this paper we generalize the results of Part I to the submanifoldDirac operator. In particular, we give optimal lower bounds for thesubmanifold Dirac operator in terms of the mean curvature and othergeometric invariants as the Yamabe number or the energy-momentum tensor.In the limiting case, we prove that the submanifold is Einstein if thenormal bundle is flat.     

Q‐Curvature on a Class of Manifolds with Dimension at Least 5

For a smooth compact Riemannian manifold with positive Yamabe invariant, positive Q‐curvature, and dimension at least 5, we prove the existence of a conformal metric with constant Q‐curvature. Our approach is based on the study of an extremal problem for a new functional involving the Paneitz operator.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Proper Submanifolds in Product Manifolds

The authors obtain various versions of the Omori-Yau's maximum principle on complete properly immersed submanifolds with controlled mean curvature in certain product manifolds,in complete Riemannian manifolds whose k-Ricci curvature has strong quadratic decay,and also obtain a maximum principle for mean curvature flow of complete manifolds with bounded mean curvature.Using the generalized maximum principle,an estimate on the mean curvature of properly immersed submanifolds with bounded projection in N1 in the product manifold N1 ×N2 is given.Other applications of the generalized maximum principle are also given.     

On robust maximum flow with polyhedral uncertainty sets

We address the problem of determining a robust maximum flow value in a network with uncertain link capacities taken in a polyhedral uncertainty set. Besides a few polynomial cases, we focus on the case where the uncertainty set is taken to be the solution set of an associated (continuous) knapsack problem. This class of problems is shown to be polynomially solvable for planar graphs, but NP-hard for graphs without special structure. The latter result provides evidence of the fact that the problem investigated here has a structure fundamentally different from the robust network flow models proposed in various other published works.