强力杀虫剂氟铃脲的分析和鉴定

报道了用质谱法和高效液相色谱法对氟铃脲的分析和鉴定。１－［３，５－二氯－４－（１，１，２，２－四氟乙氧基）苯基］－３－（２，６－二氟苯甲酰基）脲，即氟铃脲，是一种能够抑制昆虫表皮几丁质合成的强力杀虫剂。由ＥＩ源质谱仪获得氟铃脲的ＭＳ图和丰度数据，并提出它的碎裂途径和特征离子。在高效液相色谱分析方法中采用ＭｉｃｒｏｐａｋＣＮ－１０柱，甲醇－水作淋洗液，检测波长２５４ｎｍ，主峰与杂质峰完全分离，用该法可分析氟铃脲粗品和制剂。     

分析用标准样品氟铃脲的合成、纯化及表征

合成了氟铃脲农药粗品,通过活性炭吸附、重结晶进行初步纯化;然后采用柱层析分离技术,以硅胶为填料,乙酸乙酯／石油醚（30～60℃）（1：3,V／V）为展开剂（Rf≈0．5）进行提纯。用紫外光谱（UV）、红外光谱（IR）、核磁共振（^1H NMR,^13C NMR）及质谱（MS）进行了结构表征;以高效液相色谱法测得该试样纯度在99％以上。     

溶剂替换法制备氟铃脲水悬浮剂及其分散稳定性

采用溶剂替换法制备了氟铃脲水悬浮剂,通过测定颗粒的平均粒径Dav和颗粒界面的Zeta电位,研究了分散剂种类、添加量以及有机相中乙醇的加入量对水悬浮剂分散稳定性的影响。 结果表明,在相同条件下,以苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(MOTAS)作为分散剂制备的水悬浮剂的分散效果较好;当MOTAS添加质量分数为1%时,Dav最小,Zeta电位绝对值最大,体系分散稳定性最好;在有机相中添加乙醇可以显著提高氟铃脲水悬浮剂的分散稳定性,当有机相中乙醇的加入质量分数增加至31.2%时分散稳定性达到最好。     

聚合物分散剂对氟铃脲水悬浮剂流变性质的影响

采用控制应力流变仪研究了聚合物分散剂苯乙烯丙烯酸无规共聚物（MOTAS）用量、分子量及氟铃脲质量分数等对氟铃脲水悬浮剂流变性质的影响。 结果表明,以聚合物MOTAS为分散剂制备的氟铃脲水悬浮剂的流变行为符合Herschel-Bulkley模型。 在固定氟铃脲质量分数为20%时,当分散剂质量分数≤3.0%时,流动行为指数n≤1.0,悬浮体系表现为假塑性流体,当分散剂质量分数≥3.5%时,流动行为指数n≥1.0,悬浮体系具有胀塑性流体特征。 氟铃脲水悬浮剂的流变参数屈服值τH与分散剂MOTAS和氟铃脲的加入量有关。 分散剂MOTAS质量分数≤2.5%时,分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面吸附很少,裸露的氟铃脲颗粒界面间相互搭接,具有较大的屈服值τH;当分散剂加入质量分数为3.0%时,分散剂可在氟铃脲颗粒界面形成饱和吸附,若再增加分散剂用量,多余分散剂在悬浮的氟铃脲颗粒间形成搭接,使其屈服值τH增大。 在MOTAS分散剂的分子量在10 000~30 000范围内时,MOTAS分子量愈大,所制得的氟铃脲水悬浮剂的表观粘度和屈服值τH愈小,流变行为指数n虽略有增加,但均小于1,没有改变“剪切变稀”的假塑性特征。     

苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面的吸附性能

利用残余质量浓度法、ζ电位测定、红外光谱和XPS法系统地研究了苯乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(MOTAS)分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面的吸附量、吸附状态、ζ电位、吸附作用力和吸附层厚度等性能. 实验结果表明, MOTAS分散剂在氟铃脲界面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式, 其饱和吸附量和吸附平衡常数k、ζ电位和吸附层厚度均随MOTAS分散剂相对分子量增加而增大, MOTAS分散剂在氟铃脲界面呈多点吸附, 氢键是分散剂分子与氟铃脲界面结合的重要作用力. 分析实验结果发现, MOTAS分散剂在氟铃脲颗粒界面吸附后具有静电排斥和空间位阻双重作用.     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留

建立高效液相色谱测定蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留的检测方法。蔬菜样品用乙腈提取,经DisQuE分散固相萃取试剂盒净化,C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈–水(68∶32)溶液洗脱,二极管阵列(PDA)检测器检测,外标法定量。在0.02~1.0 mg/L范围内,除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲的质量浓度与对应的色谱峰面积线性相关,除虫脲和灭幼脲的检出限为0.010 mg/kg,杀铃脲的检出限为0.015 mg/kg。除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲标准溶液的色谱峰面积的日内相对标准偏差分别为1.03%,1.31%,0.82%(n=6),日间相对标准偏差分别为1.43%,1.56%,1.06%(n=6)。加标回收率为88.7%~108.0%。该方法简单、快速、准确,适合蔬菜中除虫脲、灭幼脲和杀铃脲残留的测定。     

多氟苯脲衍生物的合成研究

以三氟苯胺、对取代苯胺和固体光气为原料,基于异氰酸酯法合成了两种多氟苯脲衍生物。产品结构经IR,1H NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析表征,并对反应条件和波谱性质进行了讨论。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品中氟啶脲的残留量

建立了高效液相色谱测定食品中氟啶脲残留量的方法.样品中的氟啶脲经正己烷或乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土净化后,以乙腈-水( 85:15,v/v)混合溶液为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离,紫外检测器(260 nm)测定.结果表明:氟啶脲在0 05 ～2.0 mg/L范围内线性良好(相关系数为0 999 8),定量限(以信噪比为10计)...     

高效液相色谱法测定吡虫啉·氟酰脲悬浮剂

摘要：建立高效液相色谱仪同时检测吡虫啉、氟酰脲的分析方法。以甲醇-水为流动相,使用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)和DAD 检测器,在254 nm 波长下对18% 吡虫啉· 氟酰脲悬浮剂进行分离和定量分析。该方法检测吡虫啉、氟酰脲的线性相关系数均为0.999 7,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.66%,2.86%(n=5),平均回收率分别为103.8%,101.0%。该分析方法操作简便、快速,分离效果好,准确度和精确度高,适于吡虫啉· 氟酰脲悬浮剂中双组分的同时测定。     

快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱法测定含脂羊毛中残留的除虫脲和杀铃脲

建立了快速溶剂萃取-高效液相色谱(ASE-HPLC)测定含脂羊毛中除虫脲、杀铃脲残留量的方法。以正己烷饱和的乙腈为萃取剂,在80 ℃、10.34 MPa条件下用快速溶剂萃取仪提取样品中的目标物,提取液经冷冻除脂、浓缩及Waters Plus Silica柱净化后,采用Waters Atlants dC18色谱柱分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器于254 nm处检测。结果表明,在0.1～10.0 mg/L范围内,除虫脲、杀铃脲的峰面积与其质量浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9999,定量检出限(S/N≥10)分别为0.05,0.04 mg/kg。该方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等特点,完全能满足含脂羊毛中除虫脲、杀铃脲残留初筛检测的要求。     

Analysis of the constituents and quality control of Viola odorata aqueous preparations by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS

In the present study, a method based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionisation (ESI) interface was developed for the determination of the constituents in the aqueous preparations of Viola odorata L. flowering tops. The developed assay was fast, simple and effective and permitted the quality control of the preparations. The aim of this work was to assess the qualitative and quantitative profile of the investigated preparations, which find until today wide applications in food and cosmetic industry, and to propose a validated method for their quality control. Characteristic constituents of V. odorata flowers are considered to be the anthocyanins; however, a detailed literature research showed that data concerning their chemical content are scarce. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analyses supported by extensive preparative chromatographic investigations and 2D NMR analyses revealed the predominance of complex flavonol glycosides and permitted the complete characterisation of the content of V. odorata preparations. This is the first report of detailed analysis of the chemical composition of V. odorata flowers.     

Characterization of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Yuhuanglian by HPLC-ESI-MS

As increasing numbers of people worldwide are using traditional Chinese medicines, their characterization has become increasingly critical. This study describes the development of a facile and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography-based method to obtain the fingerprint of the traditional Chinese medicine Yuhuanglian. First, similarity analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were investigated to interpret differences in the chromatograms of samples from different groups. Seven fingerprint peaks were identified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), including magnolforine, coptisine, berberin, epiberberin, dehydroevodiamine, 12α-hydroxylimonin, and 12α-hydroxyevodol. The established fingerprint method was then applied to the analysis of Evodiae Fructus, Coptis Rhizoma, Yuhuanglian, and analogs of Yuhuanglian, which reflected their chemical constituent properties. The proposed method provides a technical platform for the characterization of Yuhuanglian, which will ensure the safe and effective use of this traditional Chinese medicine.     

Analysis of Hydrolysis Reaction of N-Phosphorylphenylalanine by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Hydrolysis procedure of N-diisopropyloxyphosphoryl phenylalanine (DIPP-Phe) has been studied by HPLCESI-MS. The hydrolysis products and intermediate were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results showed that (HO)(i-PrO)P(O)Phe was intermediate in the hydrolysis process.     

液相色谱串联质谱法用于肌酸的长期毒性研究

肌酸是一种普遍流行的能量增强剂,在生物体内代谢为甲胺,甲胺在对氨基脲敏感的胺氧化酶(semicarbazied-sensitive amine oxidases,SSAO)的催化下进一步生成甲醛、过氧化氢和氨。本文将肌酸的毒性与SSAO活性的升高和产物甲醛的积累联系起来,提出肌酸代谢的毒性假说,建立液相色谱串联离子阱质谱检测SSAO活性的新方法。结果表明,服用肌酸2个月后小鼠尿液中甲胺、甲醛含量升高,血清中SSAO活性升高,对肌酸的长期毒性给于了肯定的评价。     

Analysis of Hydrolysis Reaction of N-Phosphoryl Phenylalanine by HPLC-ESI-MS／MS

Hydrolysis procedure of N-phosphoryl phenylalanine (DIPP-Phe) was studied by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results showed that (HO)(i-PrO)P(O)Phe was the main intermediate and the hydrolysis of DIPP-Phe also occurred through a penta-coordinate transition state.     

Organotin speciation in textile and plastics by microwave-assisted extraction HPLC-ESI-MS

The HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was applied for the determination of tributyltin chloride (TBT), triphenyltin chloride (TPhT), triethyltin chloride (TET) in textile and plastic samples. The separation was performed in the isocratic mode on ion exchange SCX column with a mobile phase containing methanol-ammonium acetate (50 mmol l(-1))-acetic acid (90/9.98/0.02, v/v/v). Sensitive detection of three organotin compounds by ESI-MS was performed on the basis of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Limits of detection were 0.4, 20, 4 ng ml(-1) for TBT, TPhT, and TET, respectively. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of organotin compounds was finished in 60% (v/v) methanol aqueous solution. Under the experimental conditions used, recoveries of three organotin compounds obtained for spiked textile and plastic samples are in the range of 55-95% and the R.S.D.s are 3-9%.     

Identification and quantification of the constituents of madder root by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography

The possibilities in the identification and quantitation of the constituents of Rubia tinctorum L.'s root, called also madder root, was described and compared by gas chromatography (GC)-MS, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/photodiode array detection (DAD) and HPLC-MS: chromatographic analyses were carried out in parallel, from the same samples/extracts/hydrolyzates. Anthraquinone glycosides, anthraquinones, carboxylic acids and sugars were determined directly in the presence of the matrix and in its extracts without and subsequently to hydrolyses. Hydrolyses were performed as a function of time, with hydrochloric and trifluoroacetic acids, as well as enzymatically. Data revealed that as hydrolyzing agent trifluoroacetic acid is to be preferred. Madder root's anthraquinones (pseudopurpurin/purpurin, alizarin, lucidin, munjistin, nordamnacanthal) were identified on the basis of their absorption spectra (HPLC-DAD) and fragmentation patterns by GC-MS and HPLC-MS, equally. Reproducibility of anthraquinone's quantitation, by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS, in the concentration ranges of 4 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-2)g/g dried sample, provided an average reproducibility of 4.2% (varying between 0.9 and 9.4% relative standard deviation (RSD percentages)). Carboxylic acids (malic, citric, quinic, rosmarinic acids) and saccharides (xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, primverose) were quantified as their trimethylsilyl (oxime) ether/ester derivatives by GC-MS, in the concentration ranges of 10(-5)g to 10(-2)g/g dried sample, with an average reproducibility of 4.7% RSD.     

Quantification of phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) regulates the function and subsequent insulin signaling of this protein. Human IRS-1 has 1242 amino acid residues, including 182 serines and 60 threonines. The size, complexity, and relatively low abundance of this protein in biological samples make it difficult to map and quantify phosphorylation sites by conventional means. A mass spectrometry peak area based quantification approach has been developed and applied to assess the relative abundance of IRS-1 phosphorylation in the absence or presence of stimuli. In this method, the peak area for a phosphopeptide of interest is normalized against the average of peak areas for six selected representative IRS-1 peptides that serve as endogenous internal standards. Relative quantification of each phosphopeptide is then obtained by comparing the normalized peak area ratios for untreated and treated samples. Two non-IRS-1 peptides were added to each digest for use as HPLC retention time markers and additional standards as well as references to the relative quantity of IRS-1 in different samples. This approach does not require isotopic or chemical labeling and can be applied to various cell lines and tissues. Using this method, we assessed the relative changes in the quantities of two tryptic phosphopeptides isolated from human IRS-1 expressed in L6 cells incubated in the absence or presence of insulin or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Substantial increases of phosphorylation were observed for Thr(446) upon stimulation. In contrast, no obvious change in the level of phosphorylation was observed for Ser(1078). This mass spectrometry based strategy provides a powerful means to quantify changes in the relative phosphorylation of peptides in response to various stimuli in a complex, low-abundance protein.     

Identification of major active constituents in the fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge developed by high-speed counter-current chromatography

High-speed counter-current chromatography was applied as a method to develop fingerprinting of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a popular traditional Chinese medicine, in our previous study. Important active constituents that were directly related to the therapy effect should be identified. Each effluent fraction and standard samples (cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneI and tanshinoneIIA) were analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. It was concluded from the UV-Vis spectrograms, retention times in LC analysis and mass spectrograms, that fractions 7, 8 and 11 were respectively cryptotanshinone (Mr 296), tanshinone I (Mr 276) and tanshinone IIA (Mr 294).