微重力池沸腾传热实验研究

本文实验研究了平板加热面FC-72液体的准稳态池沸腾传热现象,利用地面常重力实验、SJ-8卫星搭载微重力实验等手段,分析了不同重力、压力及过冷度条件下平板加热面上的池沸腾传热特性.微重力条件下,相近压力或过冷度时,传热系数和CHF随过冷度或压力增大而增大.相对常重力,传热曲线明显变缓,沸腾起始时的壁面过热度降低,CHF仅为常重力的40%或更低.     

微重力池沸腾实验研究

本文利用我国第22颗返回式卫星开展了微重力条件下过冷池沸腾传热实验研究.实验中采用桥式自反馈电路控制加热面温度,加热元件为长30 mm、直径60 μm的铂丝,实验工质为0.1 MPa压力下过冷度为26℃的R113.实验发现,沸腾起始温度不受重力水平影响,而微重力核态沸腾传热略有增强,汽泡脱落行为也有着不同的特征.     

微重力准稳态池沸腾中的气泡动力学研究

本文实验研究了微重力条件下的准稳态核态池沸腾现象中的气泡动力学特征及其对传热特性的影响,发现在低过冷度沸腾中,聚合汽泡表面的强烈振荡促进了整个加热面上的核化过程与核态沸腾传热;而高过冷沸腾中,聚合气泡在表面张力作用下呈球状,难以覆盖整个加热表面,导致核态沸腾向膜态沸腾的过度过程表现为"核态沸腾+局部的干斑扩展"现象,相应的传热曲线没有明显转折.微重力条件下池沸腾临界热流随过冷度和压力的增加而升高,与地面结果定性相符.     

微重力下光滑表面上FC-72的池沸腾实验研究

本文利用小尺度光滑芯片(10 mmxl0 mmx0.5 mm),通过控制加热电流方法,在北京落塔进行了持续3.6 s有效微重力时间的过冷池沸腾实验研究.在低热流和中等热流区,微重力条件下可以观察到稳态或准稳态池沸腾现象,传热特性基本维持不变;在中等热流区域,气泡的横向合并会引起合并后的大气泡表面剧烈震荡,进而引发合并大...     

基于遗传算法的SOBER-SJ10池沸腾传热研究

基于遗传算法构建了沸腾过程中加热固壁一维瞬态导热反问题计算方法,采用具有精确解的半无限瞬态导热问题构造了一个校核算例,验证了该算法具有较高的准确度和抗干扰能力,能够准确反演计算沸腾传热瞬态热流密度。基于该算法分析了 SOBER-SJ10地面和空间实验中沸腾传热特性,结果表明微重力环境中单相传热被严重抑制,热流密度远小于地面数值;不同重力条件下核态沸腾传热曲线落在同一位置,显示出低热流密度时核态沸腾传热具有某种重力无关特征;但微重力条件下核态沸腾曲线起始于远低于地面的热流密度,同时在远比地面小的热流密度值时达到临界热流状态,并转变为过渡沸腾模式。     

微重力下微结构表面强化沸腾换热研究

为了提高航天器中电子器件的冷却效率,本文利用干式腐蚀方法形成方柱微结构,通过控制加热电流方法,在北京落塔进行了持续3.6 s有效微重力时间的过冷FC-72池沸腾强化换热实验研究。研究结果表明:相比光滑表面,方柱微结构表面利用其独立于重力水平的毛细作用力,显著地强化了微重力沸腾换热。     

微重力池沸腾现象中的汽泡行为特性

本文对准稳态加热条件下的微重力核态池沸腾中的汽泡行为特征进行了实验研究,分析了初始核化过程、汽泡数密度、汽泡尺寸及其运动速度等的变化趋势,探讨了过冷度及加热历史等因素对相关特性的影响.实验发现:微重力条件下汽泡生成后沿加热面不停地移动;原生汽泡会聚合形成大汽泡,大汽泡不断捕掠小汽泡而长大,直到大汽泡覆盖整个加热面;汽泡生长速度随过冷度增加而变慢.     

短时微重力条件下燃料电池性能实验研究

开展了不同重力情况下燃料电池性能的实验研究.利用微重力落塔,对常重力和微重力条件下燃料电池发电时其内部的两相流动开展了可视化现场观测.对重力因素对燃料电池内部传质过程的影响进行了分析和讨论.实验结果表明:当电流密度较大时,在微重力环境中燃料电池性能较常重力环境中的有较明显下降.由于微重力条件下浮升力的消失导致气体不能及时从流道中排出,进而对直接甲醇燃料电池内的传质过程产生负面影响.     

SOBER-SJ10池沸腾现象天地实验研究

SOBER-SJ10是实践十号科学实验卫星19项科学实验载荷之一,通过局部过热在固定位置预定时刻激发产生气泡,并细致观测空间微重力条件下池沸腾现象中生长气泡热动力学过程与传热特征,来揭示沸腾气泡底部细观流动以及传热特性。利用已完成的7次地面实验、1次在轨阶段空间实验以及3次留轨阶段补充实验相关数据,分析了不同过冷度下地面实验沸腾曲线,并通过对天地实验中的沸腾气泡行为及气泡底部加热面温度等结果的对比分析,探讨了微重力环境对相关过程的影响。     

超声波对池沸腾换热影响

对不同超声强度和辐射距离条件下过冷池沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究.超声波有效强化了沸腾起始段换热,对高热流密度沸腾传热也有一定的强化作用.超声辐射距离越近,强度越大,强化传热效果越好.对单相对流和沸腾起始区传热,超声波强化传热机理为空化作用;高热流密度沸腾时超声波对强化传热的主要机理是声流作用.得到了传热实验关联式.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.