聚[芳基二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯]分子间激基缔合作用的研究

合成了聚[2,6-萘二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](1)和聚[对苯二甲酸(聚四亚甲基醚二醇)酯](2);研究了它们在溶液和本体中的荧光光谱;论证了链间和链内非相邻生色团间有激基缔合作用存在。观察了聚合物1由稀到浓的氯仿溶液的激基缔合物荧光强度与单生色团荧光强度比值的变化,得到溶液中高分子线团的动态接触浓度C_s=0.26g/dL;亚浓区到浓区的转变浓度C~+=7g/dL。在聚合物1的本体中得到基态芳环层叠缔合物直接激发到激基缔合物的实验证据。     

聚甲基苯乙基硅烷的荧光光谱

本文研究了聚甲基苯乙基硅烷(PMPES)的荧光光谱。从浓度效应和猝灭规律证明了PMPES溶液中既有分子间激基缔合物又有分子内的激基缔合物。低温荧光光谱说明在基态时有部分生色团呈激基缔合物构象。     

磺甲基酚醛树脂激基缔合物的荧光光谱

本文研究了磺甲基酚醛树脂(SMP)在无盐和外加盐的水溶液中的荧光光谱.证实了生色团在主链上的聚电解质SMP分子间激基缔合物的形成.探讨用SMP分子间激基缔合物荧光作为研究SMP分子形态变化探针的可能性.     

疏水作用对光化学和光物理过程的影响 Ⅳ.不良溶剂中双-β-萘甲酸多亚甲基二醇酯分子的构象及分子内激基缔合物

本文研究了双-β-萘甲酸多亚甲基二醇酯(B_n)在二甲基亚砜-水(DMSO-H_2O)和乙二醇-水(EG-H_2O)两种混合溶剂中的稳态和时间分辨荧光光谱以及温度、溶剂组成对荧光光谱的影响.发现疏水作用使B_3、B_4、B_5和B_(10)的两个发色团在基态时相互重叠,因此被激发时,很容易形成分子内激基缔合物.B_2的激基缔合物中,两个亚甲基为顺叠式构象,在基态时两个发色团只能相互靠近.以减小排斥能.受激后,两个发色团需稍作运动,才能形成激基缔合物,测定了B_2激基缔合物形成的动力学和热力学参数,并和β-萘甲酸酯发色团形成分子间激基缔合物的参数进行了比较.     

用分子间激基缔合物荧光研究聚苯乙烯良溶剂溶液——从稀区到亚浓区和浓区的转变

本文以分子间的激基缔合物荧光为探针,研究了线型聚苯乙烯-二氯乙烷溶液由稀溶液区到亚浓溶液区和浓溶液区的转交。由六个M_w=9.5·10~3-6.09·10~6单分散试样的激基缔合物荧光与单生色团荧光强度比值的浓度依赖性得到C_s∝M_W~(-0.10)和C~ 无分子量依赖性的结果。C_s是溶液中高分子线团尺寸由于邻近线团的存在而开始收缩的浓度,C~ 是溶液中高分子链段空间密度分布达到连续而大致均匀时的浓度。提出动态接触浓度C_s作为稀溶液与亚浓溶液的界限,C~ 作为亚浓溶液与浓溶液的界限。测定了聚苯乙烯-二氯乙烷溶液的[η]-M关系:[η]_(DCE)~(25℃)=1.545·10~(-2)M~(0.685)毫升/克。     

疏水作用对光化学和光物理过程的影响 IV: 不良溶剂中双-β-萘甲酸多亚甲基二醇酯分子的构象及分子内激基缔合物

本文研究了双-β-萘甲酸多亚甲基二醇酯(Bn)在二甲基亚砜-水(DMSO-H2O)和乙二醇-水(EG-H2O)两种混合溶剂中的稳态和时间辨荧光光谱以及温度、溶剂组成对荧光光谱的影响. 发现疏水作用使B3、B4、B5和B10的两个发色团在基态时相互重叠, 因此被激发时, 很容易形成分子内激基缔合物. B2的激基缔合物中, 两个亚甲基为顺叠式构象, 在基态时两个发色团只能相互靠近. 以减小排斥能. 受激后, 两个发色团需稍作运动, 才能形成激基缔合物, 测定了B2激基缔合物形成的动力学和热力学参数, 并和β-萘甲酸酯发色团形成分子间激基缔合物的参数进行了比较.     

时间分辨荧光光谱研究聚2-乙烯基萘与对苯二甲酸二甲酯形成的三分子激基复合物

本文研究了在稀溶液中,聚2-乙烯基萘分子内不同生色团之间相互作用后先形成分子内激基缔合物,然后与受体分子相互作用后再生成三分子激基复合物的机理。测定了聚2-乙烯基萘分子内激基缔合物的荧光寿命的r_2=18.83ns;形成三分子激基复合物的速度常数k_7=4.18×10~9(mol/L)~(-1)S~(-1),受扩散速度反应控制。首次提出了激基缔合物或激基复合物可能是形成三分子激基复合物的中间体,并提出了由激基缔合物再形成三分子激基复合物的光物理过程的理论模型。     

用激基缔合物荧光研究聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物在溶液中的分子构型

聚苯乙烯在溶液中的激基缔合物荧光被发现以来一直引起人们的兴趣^{[ 1, 2]}. 聚苯乙烯激基缔合作用主要与处于基态的苯环层叠对的形成有密切关系. 其形成方式主要有(1)符合n= 3规则的相邻苯环间的相互作用.(2)主链上非相邻苯环间由于链段的卷曲而相互作用.(3)分属于不同主链上的苯环相互贯穿时的相互作用. 由于激基缔合作用是近程作用, 因此利用它研究聚合物线团在稀溶液的变化及由稀溶液到浓溶液的变化是十分有效的^{[ 3]}. 嵌段聚合物在形成胶束时, 一种聚合物分子链段形成核, 在核内大分子链段相互缠结, 相互贯穿. 而另一种聚合物分子链段形成壳, 其链段较为舒展. 因此利用激基缔合物荧光技术研究分子链段在核内的变化也应是十分有效的. 本文研究聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物体系。     

新型三嗪桥连的双1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物的合成及其光物理行为

以1,8-萘酰亚胺和三聚氯氰为主要原料, 合成了两种由三嗪环桥连的双1,8-萘酰亚胺化合物3 和5. 采用紫外-可见光谱和荧光光谱等手段考察了两种化合物在不同溶剂中的光物理行为. 与参比化合物N-丁基-1,8-萘酰亚胺相比, 在二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和甲醇等极性溶剂中, 化合物3和5除了在短波区(λ<400 nm)存在1,8-萘酰亚胺的特征荧光发射峰外, 在长波区(>450 nm)均产生一个较强的新荧光发射峰, 表现出分子内激基缔合物的光物理行为. 与化合物5相比, 由于化合物3特殊的构象异构, 其荧光强度发生严重的猝灭. 在非极性溶剂甲基环己烷中, 化合物5 由于存在较强的分子间氢键作用而聚集, 受激后形成了较稳定的分子间激基缔合物, 但未观察到明显的分子内激基缔合物的形成. 在甲苯溶剂中, 化合物3和5与甲苯分子形成了激基复合物, 并未形成分子内激基缔合物. 进一步研究3和5的固态激发态性质, 发现化合物3和5的固体薄膜受激后分别在465和469 nm处出现激基缔合物的特征荧光发射峰.     

疏水作用对光化学和光物理过程的影响 Ⅰ.不良溶剂中长链β-萘甲酸烷基酯的簇集和激基缔合物的形成

本文研究了不同链长的β-萘甲酸烷基酯(A_n)在乙二醇-水(EG-H_2O)和二甲基砜-水(DMSO-H_2O)混合溶剂中的荧光光谱,以及添加物(无机盐、长链饱和烷烃、糖淀粉)对A_n荧光的影响.长链A_n在混合溶剂中很容易形成激基缔合物,表明疏水作用促使长链分子相互簇集.测定了不同链长的分子发生簇集的临界浓度和临界溶剂组成.分别添加长链烷烃和糖淀粉都能引起激基缔合物的荧光强度减弱和单体荧光强度的增强,表明A_n和长链烷烃共簇集,与糖淀粉形成包结物.研究了在簇集体中A_n形成激基缔合物的动力学和热力学,测定了激基缔合物形成和解离速率常数、活化能和热焓的变化.证明在簇集体中基态发色基团之间并不具有激基缔合物的构型.在一定温度下,簇集体会发生相变.     

Photophysical properties of poly[2-(9-carbazolyl)ethyl methacrylate] films: Energy migration and carrier generation in films having no excimer-forming site

Photophysical properties of poly[2-(9-carbazolyl)ethyl methacrylate] film have been studied. This polymer shows a clear monomer fluorescence spectrum from carbazole chromophores and has no detectable excimer emission, even in the solid state. Highly efficient sensitized photoconductivity by electron acceptor doping shows effective electronic excitation energy migration through carbazole chromophores.     

Self-assembly of a hydrophobically modified naphthalene-labeled poly(acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte in water: organic solvent mixtures followed by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence

The solution properties of two water-soluble polymers, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), covalently labeled with the fluorescent hydrophobic dye naphthalene (Np), have been investigated in water:organic solvent mixtures. The naphthalene chromophores have been randomly attached, onto the polymer, with two different degrees of labeling. Fluorescence measurements (steady-state and time-resolved) have been used to follow the photophysical behavior of the polymers and consequently report on the self-association of the polymers in the mixed organic (methanol or dioxane):aqueous solutions. The emission spectra of the high-labeled Np PAA reveal the presence of monomer and excimer bands whereas with the low-labeled polymer only monomer emission is observed. The excitation spectra collected at the monomer and excimer emission bands show significant differences, depending on the water content of the mixture, which indicate the simultaneous presence of preformed and dynamic dimers as routes to excimer formation. The time-resolved data decay profiles of the high-labeled polymer in the mixtures were always triple exponential whereas in pure methanol and dioxane they follow biexponential laws. The data in the mixtures are consistent with two types of monomers and one excimer. Both monomers are able to give rise to excimer in the excited state, one type involving the movement of long distant Np chromophores and the other involving a local reorientation of adjacent Np chromophores. These correspond to different decay times: (1) a long which corresponds to the long distant approach of non-neighboring Np chromophores forming an excimer and (2) a short corresponding to the fast adjustment of two neighboring Np chromophores in order to have the adequate parallel geometry. An additional decay time corresponding to the excimer decay was found to be present at all wavelengths. All the decay times were dependent on the water content of the mixture. An estimation of the two excimer forming rate constants values is made for the mixed media considered in this work. On the whole, using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence parameters, and by comparing data for a polymer with a small number of hydrophobes with a more highly modified one, it is possible in great detail to demonstrate how association is controlled by solvent quality for the hydrophobes and by the distance between hydrophobes.     

Absorption and fluorescence of a nonionic detergent in aqueous solution

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of a detergent, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, were measured in water at different concentrations. The absorption spectra had a peak at 275 mμ and a shoulder at 281 mμ. The spectra were independent of concentration below the critical micelle concentration, but the molar extinction coefficients of the peak and the shoulder increased with concentration above the critical micelle concentration. The critical micelle concentration value derived from the absorption data was in good agreement with those obtained by other methods. The fluorescence spectra of the detergent in water were independent of concentration in dilute solutions, if the intensities of the spectra were normalized at the peak at 302 mμ. At higher concentrations, a weak excimer band appeared at 345 mμ, whose intensity increased with concentration. The excimer band manifested itself at a concentration slightly lower than the critical micelle concentration. The main band decreased and the excimer band increased, as the temperature was raised. An excimer band was observed in the same region of the spectra for the pure detergent, either in the solid or liquid state. The equilibrium solid spectra exhibited a very strong excimer emission. It was concluded that the excimers were formed within micelles in the case of aqueous solutions.     

Intramolecular excimer formation in macromolecules—V. Head-to-head polystyrene,block copolymers of styrene and butadiene and regular condensation polymers of α-methylstyrene

Studies of the photophysical properties of head-to-head polystyrene, block copolymers poly(butadiene-b-styrene) and polystyrenes of various sequence length of styrene chromophore and regular copolymers of α-methylstyrene indicate that interactions between phenyl chromophores located distantly upon the macromolecule are not of major significance in determination of excimer formation in styrene polymers. It is concluded that intramolecular excimer formation in polystyrenes occurs primarily as a consequence of interactions between nearest neighbour chromophores in the polymer chain. The influence of polymer coil dimensions upon intramolecular excimer formation is demonstrated. The photophysical behaviour of poly(butadiene-b-styrene) block copolymers shows the importance of intramolecular energy migration in population of potential excimer sites.     

Photobehaviour of benzyl containing itaconate polymers

The emission spectra of benzyl containing itaconate polymers were investigated in dilute tetrahydrofuran solutions. The polymers studied were poly(dibenzyl itaconate), poly(monobenzyl itaconate) and a (dibenzyl itaconate-co-dicyclohexylmethyl itaconate) copolymer. The photobehaviour of small compounds bearing the same chromophores was also investigated. The results obtained allow a discussion of the effect introduced by the polymer backbone upon the process of excimer formation.     

Intermolecular excimer formation in poly(2-naphthyl methacrylate) solutions

Efficient intermolecular excimer emission is observed for solutions of poly(2-naphthyl methacrylate) and copolymers of 2-naphthyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, only above a critical concentration. From analysis of the dependence of this concentration upon the polymer molecular weight and the thermodynamic character of the solvent, it is concluded that the results cannot be explained only in terms of an excluded volume effect, and that the different behaviour for dilute and concentrated regions is mainly a consequence of a change in the factors which control the rate of intermolecular excimer formation. The efficient excimer formation in the concentrated solutions is attributed to the contribution of migration of the excited energy to the formation of the excimeric pair.     

A case for using randomly labeled polymers to study long-range polymer chain dynamics by fluorescence

The process of excimer formation was studied for a series of pyrene end-labeled polystyrenes (PS(X)-Py 2 where X is the polymer molecular weight equal to 3, 4.5, 8, 12.7, and 14.6 K) and two series of polystyrenes randomly labeled with pyrene (CoE-PS and CoA-PS) in seven different solvents. The solvent viscosities ranged from 0.41 to 1.92 mPa x s, while the solvent quality ranged from good to poor solvents for polystyrene, as determined by intrinsic viscosity measurements. Steady-state fluorescence spectra of the pyrene-labeled polymers were acquired, and the excimer to monomer ratios showed that excimer formation increased strongly with a decrease in solvent viscosity. The monomer and excimer time-resolved fluorescence decays were also acquired and fitted globally to either the Birks' scheme or the fluorescence blob model (FBM) for the end- or randomly labeled polymers, respectively. All parameters reporting on the long-range polymer chain dynamics (LRPCD) obtained from the analysis of the fluorescence data acquired with the PS(X)-Py 2, CoE-PS, and CoA-PS series yielded virtually identical trends, demonstrating that these fluorescence experiments yield results that are internally consistent with one another. Considering the substantial advantages associated with the preparation and study of randomly labeled polymers, this report presents an appealing case for the use of randomly labeled polymers in the study of LRPCD.     

"标记"芘的激基缔合物荧光在水溶性高分子研究中的应用

首先介绍了芘的荧光发射光谱的特点及其激基缔合物荧光、然后给出了用芘标记高分子的各种方式和方法,讨论了水溶性高分子的”标记”芘形成激基缔合物的原理,评述了芘标记高分子箕缔合物荧光在水溶性分子疏水相互作用,静电相互作用、氢键、络合等研究中的应用,也介绍了芘标记激基缔的荧光在高分子凝胶体积相变、分子链运动等领域的研究进展。     

Influence of aggregates and solvent aromaticity on the emission of conjugated polymers

The influence of aggregates and solvent aromaticity on the photophysics and fluorescence dynamics of two conjugated polymers is studied. The two polymers are derivatives of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) containing different kinked moieties along the main chain. The polymers contain 2,6-diphenylpyridine and m-terphenyl kinked moieties and they are abbreviated as PN and PC, respectively. The insertion of kinked segments along the main chain shifts the emission spectrum from the yellow-orange spectral region, common to PPV derivatives, to the blue-green spectral region. The results show that in dilute solutions the polymers decay monoexponentially, while in concentrated ones the fluorescence decays biexponentially, indicating fluorescence quenching. This is attributed to an energy transfer process from polymer chains to aggregates that occurs within a few tens of picoseconds. By comparing the photophysics and fluorescence dynamics of polymer PN in a nonaromatic and an aromatic solvent, we conclude that the polymer conformation adopted in the aromatic solvent leads to a higher fluorescence quantum yield and a longer fluorescence lifetime. Furthermore, the fluorescence quenching of PN because of aggregates is faster and more efficient in the aromatic than in the nonaromatic solvent. These results can be explained through a more extended chain conformation of PN in the aromatic solvent.