概率论与数理统计专业研究生教学改革

本文通过对概率论与数理统计专业研究生教育中存在问题的分析,提出了概率i＇e-~数理统计专业研究生教学改革的几点建议．     

概率统计教学的几点建议

概率统计是大学数学的基础课程之一,我们通过具体的例子分析了概率统计课程教学应该重视的几个问题,并提出了解决问题的建议．这对概率统计课程的教学有一定的借鉴意义．     

Learning trajectories in teacher education: Supporting teachers’ understandings of students’ mathematical thinking

Recent work by researchers has focused on synthesizing and elaborating knowledge of students’ thinking on particular concepts as core progressions called learning trajectories. Although useful at the level of curriculum development, assessment design, and the articulation of standards, evidence is only beginning to emerge to suggest how learning trajectories can be utilized in teacher education. Our paper reports on two studies investigating practicing and prospective elementary teachers’ uses of a learning trajectory to make sense of students’ thinking about a foundational idea of rational number reasoning. Findings suggest that a mathematics learning trajectory supports teachers in creating models of students’ thinking and in restructuring teachers’ own understandings of mathematics and students’ reasoning.     

完善数学建模课程体系，提高学生自主创新能力

随着大学生数学建模竞赛的快速发展,全国大部分高校越来越认识到数学建模教学在大学生创新意识和实践能力培养中的重要作用,如何提高数学建模活动的成效成为普遍关注的问题。从数学建模课程的本质出发,尝试构建了较为完善的数学建模教学体系,达到数学建模教学贯穿大学生培养的全过程的教学理念。同时讨论了拓宽数学建模活动形式的途径和尚存在亟待解决的几个问题。     

Engaging students in roles of proof

de Villiers (1990) suggested five roles of proof important in the professional mathematics community that may also serve to meaningfully engage students in learning proof: verification, explanation, systematization, discovery, and communication. We investigate written reflections on an end-of-semester assignment from undergraduates in an inquiry-based transition to proof course, where students reflected on instances during the semester when they engaged in the five roles of proof. We present the types of activities students recalled as influential to their engagement in the roles of proof (presenting, discussing, conjecturing, working on problem sets, and critiquing) and describe how students perceived these activities as influential to their engagement in the roles of proof. We provide student quotations highlighting these activities and offer implications for both research and practice.     

模糊统计分析方法在停车管理评价中的应用

随着城市的快速发展,城市停车问题十分突出.结合中关村科技园区的停车需求特点,进行城市商务区的停车资源利用和服务水平调查分析,在大量数据整理中,运用统计频率分析方法给出停车管理指标的相关系数和权重值,以及管理水平综合评价.     

Eliciting and Developing Teachers' Conceptions of Random Processes in a Probability and Statistics Course

The purpose of this study is to examine prospective mathematics specialists' engagement in an instructional sequence designed to elicit and develop their understandings of random processes. The study was conducted with two different sections of a probability and statistics course for K-8 teachers. Thirty-two teachers participated. Video analyses within a collaborative course design were used to support a teaching experiment about teachers' conceptions of random processes. In particular, teachers were asked whether the outcomes of Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) are generated randomly or not, were presented with a definition for random selection, and were asked to come to a conclusion about RPS. Teachers struggled to reconcile the equality of winning outcomes for each player with the potential for human interference in the process of generating outcomes. Ultimately, teachers concluded the outcomes were not generated randomly, but encountered a variety of unexpected obstacles along the way.     

运用心理规律增强“概率统计”教学的实效性

学生在学习"概率统计"课时,常常会产生一些困惑,感到难学,尤其是对概念的理解以及知识间的联系、深化更让部分学生感到抽象、甚至模糊不清.教学中科学运用学生心理发展规律,可以及时有效地消除学生学习中的困惑,澄清模糊认识,提高学习效率,增强教学的实效性.     

《概率论与数理统计》课程教学的探索与实践

结合多年的《概率论与数理统计》课程的教学实际,对该课程的优化教学过程,分层次教学和完善课程的考核评价等方面进行了一些探索与实践,以激发学生的学习兴趣与热情,培养学生应用概率统计方法解决问题的能力.     

Statistics of extremes for IID data and breakthroughs in the estimation of the extreme value index: Laurens de Haan leading contributions

In the last decades there has been a shift from the parametric statistics of extremes for IID random variables, based on the probabilistic asymptotic results in extreme value theory, towards a semi-parametric approach, where the estimation of the right tail-weight, under a quite general framework, is of major importance. After a brief presentation of classical Gumbel’s block methodology and of later improvements in the parametric framework (multivariate and multi-dimensional extreme value models for largest observations and peaks over threshold approaches), we present a coordinated overview, over the last three decades, of the developments on the estimation of the extreme value index under a semiparametric framework. Laurens de Haan has been one of the leading scientists in the field, (co-)author of many seminal ideas, that he generously shared with dozens (literally) of colleagues and students, thus achieving one of the main goals in a scientist’s life: he gathered around him a bunch of colleagues united in the endeavour of building knowledge. The last section is a personal tribute to Laurens, who fully lives his ideal that co-operation is the heart of Science. To Laurens de Haan, a token of friendship.     

数学建模在多元统计分析教学中的应用

本利用数学建模的思想对多元统计分析特别是主成分分析方法的教学进行改革，通过使用统计软件SPSS进行计算和分析，使学生对十分抽象的统计概念和深奥的多元统计理论有直现的认识和理解，为掌握多元统计分析方法提供了较好的手段。     

《计算统计学基础》简介及简评

A brief introduction and review of new book about the Elements of Computational Statistics is given.     

Investigation of factors mediating the effectiveness of authentic projects in the teaching of elementary statistics

Four instructors used authentic research projects and related curriculum materials when teaching elementary statistics in secondary and undergraduate settings. Projects were authentic in that students selected their own variables, defined their own research questions, and collected and analyzed their own data. Classes using these projects were considered treatment groups in the study. Student outcomes measured were content knowledge, perceived usefulness of statistics, and statistics self-efficacy. These outcomes were compared with those of students taught by the same instructors in prior terms without authentic projects (the control groups). Although all three outcomes increased for the treatment group in both settings, simple t-tests indicated that these gains were not statistically significant. Variables were identified as potential factors mediating the effects of treatment, and multivariate and univariate models were then used to examine treatment, setting, instructor effects, and student achievement level as variables jointly contributing to these three outcomes. Follow-up analyses suggested that some treatment effects were significant in more restricted contexts (e.g., in certain settings for certain types of students). The models also suggest multiple significant interactions among treatment, setting, individual instructor, and student achievement level, particularly on affective outcomes.     

Modeling and simulation of pollutants transport in rivers

This paper is devoted to mathematical modeling and computer simulation of diffusion and transport of chemicals in rivers. We present one-, two-, and three-dimensional models in terms of time-dependent convection–diffusion–reaction differential equations, further we give the finite difference approximation and appropriate numerical algorithms for these models, and finally we discuss briefly the computer implementation of this methodology in a user friendly software package. To verify the model and the computer code we have used it to study the diffusion and transport of chemicals, in this case NO₃ and PO₄, in two rivers in Western Georgia flowing into the Black Sea. Namely, we considered the river Khobistskali subject to pollution sources Ochkhomuri and Chanistskali river Choga polluted with NO₃.     

我国教育统计与教育统计指标体系

建立中国教育统计指标体系具有重要的现实意义，本文提出了第一类教育统计与第二类教育统计，分析了第二类教育统计的现状，指出了它的弊端，其目的是为了更好实现对基层教育的改革．     

Conceptions of Turkish mathematics teachers about the effectiveness of classroom teaching

This study investigated how Turkish mathematics teachers evaluate the effectiveness of classroom teaching in terms of improving students’ mathematical proficiency. To this purpose, teachers were asked to evaluate a mathematics lesson as presented them in a vignette. By means of cluster analysis, the participants’ evaluations of the lesson were described in five thematic dimensions, which could be further assembled into two overriding categories: students’ understanding of the subject, and teachers’ classroom practices. The overall aim of the current paper is to propose a preliminary model of the framework that Turkish mathematics teachers use to evaluate a mathematics lesson.     

Notions of equivalence through ratios: Students with and without learning disabilities

Students with learning disabilities (LD) specific to mathematics historically underperform in foundational content such as rational number equivalence. This study examined the strategy usage and multiplicative thinking of three third grade children (i.e., Bill, a child identified as having a learning disability specific to mathematics, Carl, a child labeled as low achieving in mathematics, and Albert, a child labeled as typically achieving) before, during, and after participating in tutoring sessions consisting of student-centered pedagogy and equivalence tasks presented through an underutilized interpretation of rational number: namely, the ratio interpretation. Constant comparison analysis of the children's work during the tutoring sessions as well as responses to tasks during two clinical interviews seemed to indicate that all three children increased their use of viable strategies, with notable differences in the sophistication of the strategies as well as the level of multiplicative thinking utilized before and after the ratio-based tutoring sessions. Yet, Bill's continued use of rudimentary strategies reflects a need for continued research to investigate why the use of such strategies persists and how supporting the development of more sophisticated strategies (especially among children with LD) can be achieved.     

以数学建模竞赛为切入点,强化学生创新能力培养

通过介绍天津商业大学"稳基础、抓重点,推动数学建模竞赛工作上水平"的具体措施,分析了如何以数学建模竞赛为切入点,促进大学数学教学改革与学风建设,培养学生自我探索、自我思考、自我研究和自我实践的素养,提高学生的综合创新能力。