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Zusammenfassung Das Verteilungsverhalten der Halogenide und Halogenometallate von Gallium, Indium und Thallium mit den drei Solventien (S) Tributylphosphat (TBP), Cyclohexanon (Cyclo) und Isobutylmethylketon (IBMK) wurde untersucht. Die extrahierten Verbindungen wurden nach der Geradenmethode nach Asmus, der logarithmischen Methode nach McKay, der Methode der kontinuierlichen Variation, durch Analyse der beiden Phasen und durch konduktometrische Extraktionstitration nachgewiesen. Identifiziert wurden folgende Verbindungen: [GaCl4]·2 S, Ga-(SCN) 3·3 TBP, [Ga(SCN)4]·2 TBP, [InCl4]·2 TBP, [InBr4]·2TBP, [InBr4x Cyclo, [InBr4]·x IBMK, [InJ4]·2 S, In(SCN)3·3 TBP, [In(SCN)4]·2 TBP, TlCl3·1 TBP, [TlCl4]·2 S, TlBr3·1 TBP, [Tl-Br4] ·2 S, TlJ3·x TBP und [TlJ4]·xS. Wegen der nicht eindeutig definierten Oxydationsstufe von Thalliumjodiden ergaben sich bei den Versuchen experimentelle Schwierigkeiten. Daher wurde in diesem System zusätzlich das radioaktive Isotop 204Thallium verwendet.
Extracted compounds of gallium, indium and thallium in distribution systems with tributyl phosphate, cyclohexanone and isobutylmethylketone
The behaviour of distribution of the halides and halogenometallates of gallium, indium and thallium with the three solvents (S) tributylphosphate (TBP), cyclohexanone (Cyclo) and isobutylmethylketone (IBMK) are investigated. The extracted compounds are detected with the straight-line method of Asmus, the logarithmic method of McKay, the method of continuous variation, by analysis of the two phases, and with the conductometric extraction-titration. The following compounds were identified: [GaCl4]·2S, Ga(SCN)3·3TBP, [Ga(SCN)4]·2TBP, [InCl4]·2TBP, [InBr4]·2TBP, [InBr4x Cyclo, [InBr4]·x IBMK, [InJ4] ·2S, In(SCN)3·3TBP, [In(SCN)4]·2TBP, TlCl3·1TBP, [TlCl4]·2S, TlBr3 ·1TBP, [TlBr4]·2S, TlJ3·x TBP and [TlJ4]·x S. The not unequivocally defined stage of oxidation of thallium iodides resulted in experimental difficulties. Thus, in this system the radioactive isotope 204thallium was additionally used.


Herrn Professor Dr. E. Asmus zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.

Wie danken Herrn Priv.-Doz. Dr. H. Nickel für die freundliche Unterstützung bei den in der KFA Jülich durchgeführten radioaktiven Messungen.  相似文献   

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Zusammenfassung Die Empfindlichkeit der flammenphotometrischen Bestimmung von Gallium, Indium und Thallium wird durch Zusatz organischer, mit Wasser mischbarer Lösungsmittel zur wäßrigen Analysenlösung beträchtlich gesteigert. Es wird vorgeschlagen, 80 Vol-% Aceton enthaltende Lösungen zu verwenden. Beim Arbeiten mit dem Spektralphotometer PMQ II mit Flammenzusatz der Fa. Zeiss erzielt man eine 40 bis 50fache Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit. Der Einfluß der Konzentration verschiedener Säuren und der Anwesenheit von Fremdmetallen in der Analysenlösung wird geprüft. Die Zahl der Störungen ist gering. Bei extraktiver Anreicherung der genannten Elemente sind so gut wie keine Störungen zu erwarten. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens auf die Bestimmung von Gallium in verschiedenen Materialien wird beschrieben.Unsere Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und den Verband der chemischen Industrie — Fonds der Chemie — gefördert, wofür auch an dieser Stelle gedankt sei.  相似文献   

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New Hypersilanides of the Earth Metals Aluminium, Gallium, and Indium The dialkylaluminiumchlorides R2AlCl (with R = Me, Et; Me = CH3, Et = C2H5) react with base‐free lithium‐tris(trimethylsilyl)silanide (Li–Hsi; Hsi = –Si(SiMe3)3), forming the pyrophoric dialkyl aluminiumhypersilanides R2Al–Hsi. The methyl compound is dimeric in solid state (triclinic space group P1, Z = 1 dimer), as in Al2Me6 the association takes place by two Al–Me–Al bridges, forming a centrosymmetric molecule of approximately C2h point‐symmetry. Contrary to this (Me2GaCl)2 and Li–Hsi form a mixture of (MeGa(Hsi)Cl)2 and [Me3Ga–Hsi]Li. The monochloride again is a centrosymmetric, chlorine‐bridged dimer (monoclinic space group P21/n, Z = 2 dimers). The extremely air sensitive gallate can be prepared from GaMe3 and Li–Hsi (1 : 1 ratio), as well as the homologous [Me3Ga–Hsi]Na and [Me3Ga–Hsi]K from GaMe3 and the corresponding alkalimetal hypersilanides. The 1 : 1 toluene‐solvat of the sodium salt crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (Z = 8) with polymeric zig‐zag‐chains, in which the toluene‐capped Na‐ions act as GaMe…Na…Me2Ga‐bridges between [Me3Ga–Hsi] anions. The reaction of InCl3 with Li–Hsi (1 : 3 ratio) mainly gives LiCl, metallic In and the “dihypersilyl” Hsi–Hsi. Ruby‐red (Hsi)2In–In(Hsi)2 could also be obtained in low yield and characterized by X‐ray structure elucidation (space group P21/c, Z = 4). The 1H, 13C, 29Si and 7Li NMR‐ and the vibrational spectra of the hypersilanides have been measured and discussed.  相似文献   

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Summary Alkali and alkaline earth ions in rain water can be determined by ion chromatography (IC) without preconcentration. The detection limits for alkali ions are between about 0.05 and 0.15 mol/l and those for alkaline earth ions between about 0.2 and 0.6 mol/l. The main advantages of IC are: very small sample volumes are sufficient; the simultaneous determination of the alkali ions or the alkaline earth ions requires less than 30 min; NH 4 + ions can also be determined. The results are compared with those obtained by flame AAS and AES-ICP.  相似文献   

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Arene complexes of main-group metals were, until recently, rare species—in contrast to the now classical, analogous complexes of transition metals. In systematic investigations, it has been possible to prepare and structurally characterize arene complexes of the univalent elements gallium, indium, and thallium, which directly follow the d-block elements in the periodic table. This new type of compound is characterized by centric (η6) coordination of the metal to the arene; both mono- and bis(arene) complexes are known. The interaction can be explained by the perfect agreement between the HOMO/LUMO symmetry of the arene and of the low-valent metal. The electronic states of the nd10(n + 1)s2 configuration, which are partially modified by relativistic effects, play a particularly important role. The relationship to the few known complexes of the neighboring elements (SnII, PbII) becomes plausible via the isoelectronic principle. The arene/GaI, InI, TlI systems are of potential significance as homogeneous reducing agents and as agents for the activation of aromatic compounds, the purification of metals, and the separation of metals from nonaqueous media.  相似文献   

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Studies on Dialkyl Metal Phosphoric and Phosphinic Acid Derivatives of the Elements Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium. II. The Vibrational Spectra of the Difluorophosphates and Dichlorophosphates. The vibrational spectra (IR and Raman) of the dimethylmetal difluorophosphates and dichlorphosphates ((CH3)2MOOPX2 with M = Al, Ga, In, Tl and X = F, Cl) are assigned and discussed. The trimer aluminium compounds consist of twelve-membered puckered ring skeletons (symmetry D3), the dimer gallium and indium compounds (liquid or molten) have also puckered ring skeletons, which belong to the point group D2.  相似文献   

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