热处理温度对碳掺杂MgB_2/Nb/Cu超导线材性能的影响

采用Nb/Cu复合管作为外包套材料,通过原位法粉末装管工艺(PIT)制备了C掺杂MgB2/Nb/Cu线材.在高纯流动氩气保护条件下、650～950℃温度区间内烧结2h.微观结构分析显示,通过该工艺制备的MgB2/NbZr/Cu线材具有良好的晶粒连结性和较高的致密度.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明在750℃左右可以生成纯度较高的MgB2相,在低温和高温下烧结后均有杂相峰出现,并且高温烧结后所生成的相结构较为复杂.采用四引线法超导临界电流的测试结果表明,低温烧结后的线材具有超导电流传输性能,而当热处理温度超过750℃时,样品中的电流传输状态表现为正常电阻态.实验结果证实采用Nb作为原位法MgB2超导线材的包套阻隔层时,成相热处理一般应该在低于750℃的温度下进行.     

热处理温度对MgB2超导材料的超导电性及微观结构的影响

采用粉末烧结方法在不同温度(650℃,700℃,750℃,800℃,850℃,900℃)制备了MgB2超导块材.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了热处理温度对MgB2超导材料的成相及微结构的影响.采用磁化法测定不同温度制备MgB2超导材料的超导电性.结果显示热处理温度对MgB2超导材料的晶粒尺寸、形状和超导电性有明显影响,700℃制备的MgB2超导体具有最高的临界电流密度和最好的磁通钉扎特性,细小的晶粒尺寸是样品磁通钉扎特性改善的原因.     

实用化MgB2超导材料研究进展

本文综述了实用化MgB2超导材料的最新研究进展.最新的理论和实验结果表明通过元素替代和掺杂,有希望进一步提高MgB2超导线带材的临界电流密度和磁通钉扎特性,完全可以达到实用化要求.目前MgB2超导磁体的制备技术研究已经开始,极有可能开发出采用闭路循环制冷机制冷的核磁共振成像仪(MRI)取代现在医学上使用的基于低温超导的核磁共振成像系统.     

MgB_2超导体块材的高压合成

利用高压烧结的方法成功地合成出块状MgB2 超导体。所获得的样品具有良好的单相性。低温磁性测量实验和电阻测量实验均表明样品具有高于 39K的超导转变温度。实验结果表明 ,高压合成是制备和研究MgB2 新型金属间化合物超导体的一种非常有效的手段     

原位法MgB2-B4C复相超导体的成相与特性

以B4C粉末与Mg粉为原料,采用真空同相反应法成功制备了复相MgB2超导块材,研究了不同制备工艺下MgB2的成相,测量分析了材料的X射线衍射谱、扫描电镜图像、低温电输运特性等.结果显示,合成的复相超导材料含MgB2超导相、B4C绝缘相和少量MgB2C2杂相,MgB2超导相含量与B4C粒径、合成温度、反应时间等有关,并在...     

SiC掺杂MgB_2的烧结过程及其动力学分析

SiC掺杂MgB2体系由于其优异的超导性能而受到普遍关注并成为超导领域中一大研究热点,但是目前的研究大多集中在SiC对MgB2超导性能的影响上,对SiC的加入对MgB2烧结过程的影响研究很少.本文结合差热分析和物相鉴定,系统研究了SiC掺杂MgB2体系的烧结过程,并在此基础上探究了其反应动力学机理.结果表明,在烧结过程中Mg先和B发生反应,随着温度的升高在Mg和B还没有反应完全的时候SiC和Mg继而开始反应.反应动力学分析表明该体系的固相反应阶段为相界面控制反应过程,其表观活化能为547.5KJ/mol,指前因子为5.76×1015min-1.     

热处理温度对MgB2超导材料的超导电性及微观结构的影响

采用粉末烧结方法在不同温度（650℃，700℃，750℃，800℃，850℃，900℃）制备了MgB2超导块材．采用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）研究了热处理温度对MgB2超导材料的成相及微结构的影响．采用磁化法测定不同温度制备MgB2超导材料的超导电性．结果显示热处理温度对MgB2超导材料的晶粒尺寸、形状和超导电性有明显影响，700℃制备的MgB2超导体具有最高的临界电流密度和最好的磁通钉扎特性，细小的晶粒尺寸是样品磁通钉扎特性改善的原因．     

MgB2超导体块材的高压合成

利用高压烧结的方法成功地合成出块MgB2超导体。所获得的样品具有良好的单相性,低温磁场测量实验和电阻测量实验均表明样品具有高于39K的超导转变温度。实验结果表明,高压合成是制备和研究MgB2新型金属间化合物超导体的一种非常有效的手段。     

实用化MgB2超导材料研究进展

本文综述了实用化MgB2超导材料的最新研究进展．最新的理论和实验结果表明通过元素替代和掺杂，有希望进一步提高MgB2超导线带材的临界电流密度和磁通钉扎特性，完全可以达到实用化要求．目前MgB2超导磁体的制备技术研究已经开始，极有可能开发出采用闭路循环制冷机制冷的核磁共振成像仪（MRI）取代现在医学上使用的基于低温超导的核磁共振成像系统．     

不同反应温度对Hg掺杂MgB2样品的影响

利用固相反应法分别在700℃和850℃制备了Mg1.05-x(Hg)xB2多晶样品,其中x=0,1%,2.5%,5%,7.5%,10%.X射线衍射结果显示,随着掺入量的增加,700℃制得的样品杂相较多,且MgB2的量随x的增大而减少.而在850℃下制备的样品只出现了少量的氧化镁和高硼相.与Ag和Pb掺杂样品不同,晶格常数随掺杂量的增大而增大.Hg掺杂导致MgB2晶格常数变大的同时,也使得MgB2的超导转变温度下降,从而使得其超导临界电流密度下降.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.