钯掺杂聚精氨酸修饰电极同时测定5-羟基色氨酸和多巴胺

制备了钯掺杂聚L-精氨酸修饰玻碳电极(Pd-PA/GCE),研究了5-羟基色氨酸(5-HTP)和多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了同时测定5-HTP和DA的电化学新方法。在pH=2.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为160mV/s时,DA在该电极上产生一对氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为0.515V和0.464V;5-HTP在该电极上产生一个氧化峰,峰电位为0.643V,两者的氧化峰电位差达128mV。在最优条件下,同时测定5-HTP和DA的线性范围分别为:9.00×10-7~1.00×10-5 mol/L、1.00×10-5~4.00×10-5 mol/L(5-HTP);7.00×10-7~1.00×10-5 mol/L、1.00×10-5~4.00×10-5 mol/L(DA)。检出限分别为7.0×10-7 mol/L和5.0×10-7 mol/L。方法可用于药剂中5-HTP和DA的测定。     

芦丁修饰电极研究多巴胺的电化学响应

通过循环伏安法(CV)制备了芦丁修饰电极,研究多巴胺(DA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,芦丁修饰膜对DA的氧化有明显的催化作用,并且可以消除抗坏血酸(AA)对DA测定的干扰.DA的浓度在1.0×10-7～9.5×10-6 mol/L范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.将该修饰电极用于注射液样品中DA的测定,结果表明该修饰电极可用于实际样品分析.     

聚伊文思蓝修饰电极对多巴胺和抗坏血酸的电分离及同时测定

研究多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在聚伊文思蓝(Evans Blue)修饰电极上的伏安行为,建立差示脉冲伏安测定法.在pH4.5磷酸盐缓冲液中,聚伊文思蓝修饰电极对DA和AA有显著的增敏和电分离作用.DA和AA氧化峰电流与浓度分别在1.0×10-6~3.0×10-5mol/L和5.0×10-6~1.05×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限分别为2.5×10-7mol/L和3.0×10-7mol/L.当DA与AA共存时,由该修饰电极检测的二者氧化峰电位差达184 mV,故可同时测定DA和AA,并有效消除其它组分对DA测定的干扰,已用于实际样品中DA和AA含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管修饰电极对多巴胺的测定

制备了聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管(PPy/MWNT)复合膜修饰电极。研究了神经递质多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验表明,PPy/MWNT复合膜修饰电极对DA的电催化作用优于PPy修饰电极。在pH=4.10的0.2mol/L醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,DA在该修饰电极上的CV曲线于0.31V和0.28V处出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位差△Ep比裸玻碳电极降低58mV,比PPy修饰电极降低28mV,峰电流显著增加。氧化峰电流ipa与DA浓度在1.0×10-4~7.8×10-8mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.2512 1.2300C(×10-5mol/L),相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为3.9×10-8mol/L。常见物质对DA的检测无干扰,DA注射液样品检测回收率为94%~104%。     

纳米NiO-还原石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极的制备及电催化检测多巴胺

制备了纳米NiO-还原石墨烯复合修饰电极(NiO-rGO/GCE),并用于多巴胺(DA)的检测。用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了DA在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,该修饰电极对DA有良好的催化作用。DA浓度在5.0×10-7~3.2×10-5 mol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.8×10-8 mol/L。用该修饰电极直接测定了血清中DA含量,回收率在97.8%~101.1%之间。     

镍纳米粒子-离子液体修饰碳糊电极的制备及其对多巴胺的测定

制备了镍纳米粒子-离子液体修饰电极,在0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)中研究了多巴胺(DA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为.与裸电极相比,DA在该修饰电极上的氧化还原电位明显降低,氧化还原反应的峰电流明显增大,DA的峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10~(-8) ～1.0×10~(-4) mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.5×10~(-9) mol/L.该修饰电极对抗坏血酸具有明显的抗干扰能力.     

金掺杂聚L-半光氨酸修饰电极测定多巴胺

利用电化学聚合法将金和L-半胱氨酸修饰于玻碳电极表面,制成了金掺杂聚L-半胱氨酸修饰电极,研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在p H 5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,多巴胺在修饰电极上产生一对明显的氧化还原峰,且氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6~3.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为2.08×10-7mol/L。该修饰电极用于实际样品中DA的测定,回收率达98.4%。     

阴离子表面活性剂-PEG-Fe3O4纳米磁性电极对多巴胺的电催化氧化研究

采用共沉淀法制备了PEG修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子,用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)水溶液将其分散后修饰在装有磁铁的碳糊电极表面,制成SDBS-PEG-Fe3O4磁性电极。循环伏安(CV)测定结果表明,该修饰电极对多巴胺(DA)有良好的电催化作用,DA的氧化峰电流相当于裸电极的5倍,氧化峰和还原峰的电位差从0.221 V减小到0.044 V,可逆性得到了提高。采用方波伏安法测定DA,其氧化峰电流与浓度分别在5.0×10-7～2.0×10-5mol/L和2.0×10-5～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,r2分别为0.996 2和0.976 2;检出限(S/N=3)达1.4×10-7mol/L。该修饰电极可基本消除抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)等共存物质对DA测定的干扰,用于盐酸多巴胺注射液样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

电还原柠嗪酸修饰电极对多巴胺和尿酸的电化学性质研究

采用循环伏安法制备了电还原柠嗪酸膜修饰碳糊电极(ECA/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,ECA/CPE对DA具有明显的电催化作用,且DA呈现出一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与DA浓度在3.7×10-7~8.2×10-5mol/L和1.04×10-4~9.34×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。使用微分脉冲伏安法,DA和尿酸(UA)在ECA/CPE上的氧化峰能完全分离,且峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系。该电极可用于盐酸多巴胺针剂中DA的测定以及人体尿液中UA的检测。     

多巴胺在电沉积石墨烯修饰碳分子线电极上的电化学测定

以分子线二苯乙炔为修饰剂和粘合剂制备了一种新型的碳糊电极-碳分子线电极(CMWE),并以其为基底电极采用电化学还原法将石墨烯(GR)沉积到CMWE表面得到电沉积石墨烯修饰碳分子线电极(GR/CMWE)。考察了多巴胺(DA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果显示DA在GR/CMWE上出现了1对峰形良好的氧化还原峰,与裸电极相比,该氧化还原峰的电流增大,峰电位差减小,表明修饰电极对DA的电化学反应有催化作用。在最佳实验条件下峰电流与DA浓度在8.0×10-7~2.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为2.55×10-7mol/L。将该电极用于多巴胺注射液样品的检测,结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.