Supersymmetric QCD and Noncommutative Geometry

We derive supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics from a noncommutative manifold, using the spectral action principle of Chamseddine and Connes. After a review of the Einstein?CYang?CMills system in noncommutative geometry, we establish in full detail that it possesses supersymmetry. This noncommutative model is then extended to give a theory of quarks, squarks, gluons and gluinos by constructing a suitable noncommutative spin manifold (i.e. a spectral triple). The particles are found at their natural place in a spectral triple: the quarks and gluinos as fermions in the Hilbert space, the gluons and squarks as the (bosonic) inner fluctuations of a (generalized) Dirac operator by the algebra of matrix-valued functions on a manifold. The spectral action principle applied to this spectral triple gives the Lagrangian of supersymmetric QCD, including supersymmetry breaking (negative) mass terms for the squarks. We find that these results are in good agreement with the physics literature.     

Noncommutative Circle Bundles and New Dirac Operators

We study spectral triples over noncommutative principal U(1) bundles. Basing on the classical situation and the abstract algebraic approach, we propose an operatorial definition for a connection and compatibility between the connection and the Dirac operator on the total space and on the base space of the bundle. We analyze in details the example of the noncommutative three-torus viewed as a U(1) bundle over the noncommutative two-torus and find all connections compatible with an admissible Dirac operator. Conversely, we find a family of new Dirac operators on the noncommutative tori, which arise from the base-space Dirac operator and a suitable connection.     

On noncommutative and pseudo-Riemannian geometry

We introduce the notion of a pseudo-Riemannian spectral triple which generalizes the notion of spectral triple and allows for a treatment of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds within a noncommutative setting. It turns out that the relevant spaces in noncommutative pseudo-Riemannian geometry are not Hilbert spaces any more but Krein spaces, and Dirac operators are Krein-selfadjoint. We show that the noncommutative tori can be endowed with a pseudo-Riemannian structure in this way. For the noncommutative tori as well as for pseudo-Riemannian spin manifolds the dimension, the signature of the metric, and the integral of a function can be recovered from the spectral data.     

Quantum gravity boundary terms from the spectral action of noncommutative space

We study the boundary terms of the spectral action of the noncommutative space, defined by the spectral triple dictated by the physical spectrum of the standard model, unifying gravity with all other fundamental interactions. We prove that the spectral action predicts uniquely the gravitational boundary term required for consistency of quantum gravity with the correct sign and coefficient. This is a remarkable result given the lack of freedom in the spectral action to tune this term.     

Quantum Group of Isometries in Classical and Noncommutative Geometry

We formulate a quantum generalization of the notion of the group of Riemannian isometries for a compact Riemannian manifold, by introducing a natural notion of smooth and isometric action by a compact quantum group on a classical or noncommutative manifold described by spectral triples, and then proving the existence of a universal object (called the quantum isometry group) in the category of compact quantum groups acting smoothly and isometrically on a given (possibly noncommutative) manifold satisfying certain regularity assumptions. The idea of ‘quantum families’ (due to Woronowicz and Soltan) are relevant to our construction. A number of explicit examples are given and possible applications of our results to the problem of constructing quantum group equivariant spectral triples are discussed. Supported in part by the Indian National Academy of Sciences.     

Levi-Civita connections for a class of spectral triples

Letters in Mathematical Physics - We give a new definition of Levi-Civita connection for a noncommutative pseudo-Riemannian metric on a noncommutative manifold given by a spectral triple. We prove...     

A New Spectral Triple over a Space of Connections

A new construction of a semifinite spectral triple on an algebra of holonomy loops is presented. The construction is canonically associated to quantum gravity and is an alternative version of the spectral triple presented in [1].     

Connes distance of 2D harmonic oscillators in quantum phase space

We study the Connes distance of quantum states of two-dimensional (2D) harmonic oscillators in phase space. Using the Hilbert-Schmidt operatorial formulation, we construct a boson Fock space and a quantum Hilbert space, and obtain the Dirac operator and a spectral triple corresponding to a four-dimensional (4D) quantum phase space. Based on the ball condition, we obtain some constraint relations about the optimal elements. We construct the corresponding optimal elements and then derive the Connes distance between two arbitrary Fock states of 2D quantum harmonic oscillators. We prove that these two-dimensional distances satisfy the Pythagoras theorem. These results are significant for the study of geometric structures of noncommutative spaces, and it can also help us to study the physical properties of quantum systems in some kinds of noncommutative spaces.     

The Casimir operator of a metric connection with skew-symmetric torsion

For any triple (Mⁿ,g,) consisting of a Riemannian manifold and a metric connection with skew-symmetric torsion we introduce an elliptic, second-order operator Ω acting on spinor fields. In case of a naturally reductive space and its canonical connection, our construction yields the Casimir operator of the isometry group. Several non-homogeneous geometries (Sasakian, nearly Kähler, cocalibrated G₂-structures) admit unique connections with skew-symmetric torsion. We study the corresponding Casimir operator and compare its kernel with the space of -parallel spinors.     

Quantum Tori, Mirror Symmetry and Deformation Theory

We suggest to compactify the universal covering of the moduli space of complex structures by noncommutative spaces. The latter are described by certain categories of sheaves with connections which are flat along foliations. In the case of Abelian varieties, this approach gives quantum tori as a noncommutative boundary of the moduli space. Relations to mirror symmetry, modular forms and deformation theory are discussed.     

Noncommutative geometric spaces with boundary: Spectral action

We study spectral action for Riemannian manifolds with boundary, and then generalize this to noncommutative spaces which are products of a Riemannian manifold times a finite space. We determine the boundary conditions consistent with the hermiticity of the Dirac operator. We then define spectral triples of noncommutative spaces with boundary. In particular we evaluate the spectral action corresponding to the noncommutative space of the standard model and show that the Einstein–Hilbert action gets modified by the addition of the extrinsic curvature terms with the right sign and coefficient necessary for consistency of the Hamiltonian. We also include effects due to the addition of a dilaton field.     

Quantum Isometries of the Finite Noncommutative Geometry of the Standard Model

We compute the quantum isometry group of the finite noncommutative geometry F describing the internal degrees of freedom in the Standard Model of particle physics. We show that this provides genuine quantum symmetries of the spectral triple corresponding to M × F, where M is a compact spin manifold. We also prove that the bosonic and fermionic part of the spectral action are preserved by these symmetries.     

Pluricomplex Geometry and Hyperbolic Monopoles

In an attempt to combine non-commutative geometry and quantum gravity, Aastrup-Grimstrup-Nest construct a semi-finite spectral triple, modeling the space of G-connections for G = U(1) or SU (2). AGN show that the interaction between the algebra of holonomy loops ${\mathcal{B}}$ and the Dirac type operator ${\mathcal{D}}$ quantizes the Poisson structure of General Relativity in Ashtekar’s loop variables. This article generalizes AGN’s construction to any connected compact Lie group G. A construction of AGN’s semi-finite spectral triple in terms of an inductive limit of spectral triples is formulated. The refined construction permits the semi-finite spectral triple to be even when G is even dimensional. The Dirac-type operator ${\mathcal{D}}$ in AGN’s semi-finite spectral triple is a weighted sum of a basic Dirac operator on G. The weight assignment is a diverging sequence that governs the “volume” associated to each copy of G. The JLO cocycle of AGN’s triple is examined in terms of the weight assignment. An explicit condition on the weight assignment perturbations is given, so that the associated JLO class remains invariant. Such a condition leads to a functoriality property of AGN’s construction.     

Effect of triple junctions of nanotubes on strengthening and fracture toughness of ceramic nanocomposites

A theoretical model has been proposed for describing the influence of triple junctions of nanotubes on the strengthening of a nanocomposite. It has been assumed that the slip of nanotubes along the boundary with the matrix takes place via the nucleation and glide of prismatic dislocation loops enveloping the nanotubes. These loops are retarded by the triple junctions of nanotubes, which leads to a strengthening and increase in the fracture toughness (crack resistance) of the nanocomposite. It has been shown that, in order for the dislocation loop to overcome the triple junction, the shear stress acting on the loop should exceed a certain critical level. This critical stress increases as the radius and wall thickness of the nanotube decrease. The inference has been made that the triple junctions of thinnest nanotubes, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, should lead to the greatest strengthening and to an increase in the crack resistance of these nanocomposites.     

The Spectral Action Principle

We propose a new action principle to be associated with a noncommutative space . The universal formula for the spectral action is where is a spinor on the Hilbert space, is a scale and a positive function. When this principle is applied to the noncommutative space defined by the spectrum of the standard model one obtains the standard model action coupled to Einstein plus Weyl gravity. There are relations between the gauge coupling constants identical to those of SU(5) as well as the Higgs self-coupling, to be taken at a fixed high energy scale. Received: 1 October 1996 / Accepted: 15 November 1996     

On certain regularities of the response of a medium upon generation of the triple frequency of a few-period laser pulse in the case of its passage through an optically thin nonlinear layer

The response of a medium at the triple frequency under the action of few-period laser pulses is considered within the framework of the thin-optical-layer approximation for the case where the triple frequency is close to the natural frequency of the linear oscillator. It is shown that a bistable dependence of the polarization amplitudes on the external action amplitude simultaneously appears at both the natural frequency and the frequency of the external action. This allows one, in particular, to reveal the presence of bistability of the regime of third harmonic generation in a physical experiment by using the transmitted radiation of the acting pulse. A decrease in the duration of the pulse incident on the medium leads to an increase in the hysteresis loops. The effect of the absolute phase of a short pulse on the spectral composition of the response of the medium is studied. For pulses of medium duration, in addition to the resonant response of the medium, the presence of the dynamic response of the medium at the triple frequency was revealed, despite a detuning of the latter from the resonance. The presence of this frequency in the spectrum of the response of the medium results in the dependence of the resonant response of the medium on the absolute phase even for a sufficiently long pulse containing tens oscillations of the electric field strength under the pulse envelope. To obtain the dynamics of the spectral lines from the results of computer simulation, the Fourier-Gabor method is used, the applicability of which is demonstrated by the comparison of the results obtained on its basis with the corresponding analytical dependences.     

Zeta functions that hear the shape of a Riemann surface

To a compact hyperbolic Riemann surface, we associate a finitely summable spectral triple whose underlying topological space is the limit set of a corresponding Schottky group, and whose “Riemannian” aspect (Hilbert space and Dirac operator) encode the boundary action through its Patterson–Sullivan measure. We prove that the ergodic rigidity theorem for this boundary action implies that the zeta functions of the spectral triple suffice to characterize the (anti-)complex isomorphism class of the corresponding Riemann surface. Thus, you can hear the complex analytic shape of a Riemann surface, by listening to a suitable spectral triple.     

Positive linear maps on operator algebras

Given a family of completely positive maps, indexed by a group, from aC*-algebra into itself, we are concerned with its dilation to a group of *-automorphisms on a larger algebra. A Schwarz-type inequality forn-positive *-linear mappings from an involutive algebra into the bounded linear operators on a hilbert space is obtained. Strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups and groups onC*-algebras, which have certain positivity properties, are studied.     

Canonical quantization and the spectral action; a nice example

We study the canonical quantization of the theory given by Chamseddine–Connes spectral action on a particular finite spectral triple with algebra _M2(C)⊕C$M_2\left(\mathbb{C}\right)\oplus \mathbb{C}$. We define a quantization of the natural distance associated with this noncommutative space and show that the quantum distance operator has a discrete spectrum. We also show that it would be the same for any other geometric quantity. Finally we propose a physical Hilbert space for the quantum theory. This spectral triple had been previously considered by Rovelli as a toy model, but with a different action which was not gauge invariant. The results are similar in the two cases, but the gauge invariance of the spectral action manifests itself by the presence of a non-trivial degeneracy structure for our distance operator.