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《Analytical letters》2012,45(9):1789-1804
Abstract A procedure based on two chromatographic methods with different selectivities (HPLC and GC) was developed for the quality control assay of free bile acids in raw materials from animals and bulk products utilized in the pharmaceutical industry. HPLC was carried out without preliminary derivatization using an Ultrasphere ODS column with UV detection at 210 nm and methanol-acetonitrile-acetate buffer as the mobile phase. For GC, bile acids were converted into their trifluoroacetyl-hexafluoroisopropyl derivatives and analysed on a SE-52 capillary column with flame-ionization detection. Bile acid levels in hydrolysed ox bile, in bulk cholic and deoxycholic acid determined by HPLC correlated with results obtained by GC, with the exception of the analytes present in low concentrations (less than 3% w/w) detectable only by GC. HPLC-UV is the more suitable technique for routine analyses of free bile acids in pharmaceutical matrices owing to its simplicity and rapidity. However, because of the low sensitivity and specificity of the UV detection, the accuracy of the HPLC assay should be verified by comparison with GC. 相似文献
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发展高选择性固定相是实现气相色谱(GC)高效分离样品组分及其分析测定的关键。近年,材料科学的快速发展促进了新型色谱固定相的研究和应用。该文综述了近5年有关多孔材料、石墨烯及类似物、三聚茚类材料和蝶烯类材料等作为GC固定相的研究进展,并对GC固定相研究进行了总结和展望。 相似文献
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Kishore Kumar Nair Weqar A. Siddiqi Rajesh Kumar Ram Niwas Robin Gogoi Chitra Srivastava Madhuban Gopal 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(9-10):1126-1133
In order to identify the most suitable method for the estimation of nanosulfur for studying its residue dynamics, the present work was taken up. HPLC and GC methods were explored for its analysis. A comparative study of the existing analytical methods for the quality control of nanosulfur was undertaken. UV spectrophotometry and HPLC methods were superior with lower LOD when compared to GC–MS, which was not satisfactory due to breakage of catenated S20 into S6 and S8. The method has been validated by analyzing various nanosulfur formulations of known concentrations. The recovery of the UV and HPLC methods ranged from 80.71 to 109.51% and 82.31 to 109.84%, respectively. The LOD of UV, GC–MS, and HPLC is 4, 20, and 1 ppm, respectively. The retention time of sulfur was 13.77 (HPLC), 2.89 (ultra high performance liquid chromatography), and 12.715 + 21.524 min (GC–MS). The method was successfully utilized for estimating sulfur in natural samples such as water from a sulfur hot spring and wastewater. The method has been validated by following the method recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials. The HPLC method emerged as the best analytical method for the estimation of elemental sulfur. 相似文献
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A fully automated on-line HPLC-HRGC instrument is described. Samples are loaded into an HPLC autosampler. Pre-separation is carried out, automatically transferring the previously determined HPLC fraction to GC. Total HPLC fractions are introduced into GC, using the on-column or the loop-type interface, depending on the solvent evaporation technique applied. The HPLC column is automatically backflushed with a suitable solvent during GC analysis. The instrument was used for analyzing heroin metabolites, particularly morphine, in urine samples. Raw urine extracts were injected into HPLC and analyzed by GC using FID. 相似文献
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G. Dietzel 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2003,257(1):187-189
Radioactive nuclides emitting b+-radiation are used for labeling in PET diagnostic. Before the radioactive labeled agent can be used, the radiochemical purity has to be determined by means of two separate radio-chromatography methods. For HPLC, TLC, GC and CE special radioactivity detectors sensitive for b+-radiation are required, which fulfil the regulations of various international and national authorities. All conventional chromatography detectors in applications of HPLC, TLC, GC and CE like UV-absorption, fluorescence, reflective index, conductivity, amperometry etc. have an analog signal output 0-1 V. Therefore all signal recording and peak integration systems for chromatography have analog inputs of 0-1 V. 相似文献
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Cryptophycins are macrolides investigated as potential anticancer agents. These large cyclic molecules are generated via a convergent process, utilizing the coupling of several smaller fragments synthesized individually. During early synthetic development of the beta-amino acid fragment C, analytical methods are necessary for the characterization of products resulting from the various routes being studied. One route being evaluated produces (RR) and (RS) diastereomers of beta-(alpha-methylbenzyl) amino isobutyric acid as intermediates. To measure diastereomeric excess (%de), assay conditions using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary gas chromatographic (GC) techniques are explored. Derivatization methods using trifluoroacetyl- and silyl-derivatives are investigated for use with capillary GC. The results of the GC investigations are found to be only partially successful. Ion-pair HPLC is determined to be the optimal technique, utilizing pentanesulfonic acid as the counter ion to the amine group of beta-(alpha-methylbenzyl) amino isobutyric acid. 相似文献
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Reference materials certified for purity are essential to ensure harmonization of analytical measurements. LGC is currently certifying these materials using an indirect multi-method approach quantifying impurities: Related substances using high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), differential scanning calorimetry; Residual solvents using headspace GC coupled to mass spectrometry; Inorganic content using ashing, acid digest ion couple plasma mass spectrometry or thermogravimetric analysis; Water using oven coulometric Karl Fischer/direct addition coulometric Karl Fischer. Related substances are not straightforward to quantify without an appropriate standard due to possible difference in response factor for the impurity relative to the main compound. In this article, existing LGC RMs certified for purity were purified further using semi-preparative HPLC. These ultra-purified organic substances were virtually free of related substances making their purity assessment faster and more straightforward, i.e., no need to identify impurities and subsequently quantify them. After characterization, these ultra-purified standards were used as calibrants to determine directly the mass fraction of the analyte in the original CRM using exact matching single-point HPLC calibration. This new approach opens the possibility of certifying the purity of low purity substances with a relative small uncertainty without the need of identifying the impurities present in the sample. 相似文献
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Colin G. Chappell Colin S. Creaser Martin J. Shepherd 《Journal of separation science》1993,16(8):479-482
The combination of high performance liquid chromatography interfaced on-line with multidimensional gas chromatography (HPLC–GC–GC) is described. The HPLC column was interfaced to the GC via an on column interface, with automated pneumatic control of solvent evaporation and GC column switching. Cryogenic cold trapping was used for analyte focusing at the head of the first, non-polar GC capillary column and optionally at the head of the second, polar column. The determination of stilbene hormones in corned beef as their methylated derivatives by flame ionization detection is described. 相似文献
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B. Pacciarelli E. Müller R. Schneider K. Grob W. Steiner D. Frhlich 《Journal of separation science》1988,11(1):135-139
Introduction of solutions of up to several milliliters by on-column injection of large volumes or by coupled HPLC-GC may cause problems with GC detectors (FID, AFID, MS). For instance, dichloromethane forms large amounts of hydrochloric acid and carbon black in FIDs. A column effluent splitter was developed for keeping the major portion of the solvent vapors away from the detector; approximately 99% of the vapor is vented while the remaining 1% of vapor is used for detecting the widths of the solvent peaks. During analysis, the split ratio is reversed by a strong increase of the resistance to the gas flow through the split exit line. The system was used for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) in triglyceride matrices of various foods. Direct determination by HPLC is not sufficiently sensitive, whereas direct analysis by GC is hindered by the triglycerides. Solutions of fats or oils were pre-separated on a silica column using dichloro-methanelcyclohexane 1:l with addition of 0.05 % acetonitrile as eluent. The HPLC fraction containing the DEHP was transferred to GC through a loop-type interface using concurrent solvent evaporation. Detection limits were around 0.1 ppm. 相似文献
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HPLC fractions involving eluents of low to intermediate polarity can be introduced into capillary GC using the retention gap technique. Partial or complete solvent evaporation during sample introduction reduces the length of, or almost eliminates, the zone in the column inlet (retention gap) flooded by the introduced liquid, allowing introduction of larger HPLC fractions and/or use of shorter retention gaps. The corresponding techniques are reviewed. The retention gap technique is poorly suited for water-containing HPLC eluents (reversed phase HPLC) and fails completely if HPLC eluents contain, e.g., buffer salts. Various techniques for extracting such HPLC eluents are considered, preference being given to extraction into GC stationary phases from where solutes are thermally desorbed into the GC separation column. Limiting factors are diffusion of solutes within the liquid phase to be extracted and retention power of the extraction tubes. 相似文献
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Midazolam concentrations in patients' plasma was determined after extraction with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). GC was selected for routine plasma assays in terms of selectivity, simplicity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity (0.02 microgram/mL); HPLC analysis was less sensitive (0.1 microgram/mL) than GC; GC/MS was used for analysis validation. Plasma protein binding of midazolam was determined by GC in patients' plasma after in vitro incubation with midazolam, ultrafiltration and extraction; 5% of the drug was unbound to plasma proteins. Midazolam distribution in lipoprotein fractions separated by ultracentrifugation of plasma obtained from patients on prolonged midazolam treatment was also assayed by GC. 相似文献
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Gerhard Schomburg Alfred Deege Heike Hinrichs Eduard Hübinger Heribert Husmann 《Journal of separation science》1992,15(9):579-584
Methods of alkylation of α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins have been optimized with regard to the parameters of reaction, degree of alkylation and yields. The analysis of the reaction mixtures and of the isolated single species has been performed by high temperature GC and HPLC. The phase systems of the preferably applied HPLC have been carefully adjusted by variation of both the stationary and mobile phases to the very different hydrophobicities of the various alkylated CD species which have been synthesized. Several partially or fully alkylated CD species were isolated from preparative scale HPLC separations in high purity. 相似文献
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Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLN) has recently been shown to have a more strong cytotoxic effect on various human tumor cell lines than CLA. In CLN, all the three double bonds are conjugated, whereas they are methylene-interrupted in LN. Some seed oil, such as tung oil and pomegranate seed oil, principally consist of CLN, accounting for 76.5% and 75.5%, respectively.CLN can be characterized using the combination of gas chromatography (GC), highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV /VIS spectrophotomea-ic analysis. GC can separate the CLN from other fatty acids and HPLC can separate the individual CLN isomers.The conjugated triene formation has a maximum absorbency at 268 nm and the conjugated diene formation has an absorbency at 235 nm in UV spectrum.CLN was prepared from linseed oil by isomerization reaction in our present study. By treating at was isomerized and the product was purified by recrystallizing in the methanol. The GC and UV /VIS spectrophotometric analysis were used to characterize the obtained products. It was found that the a-LN in the linseed oil was converted to the corresponding conjugated diene acids and CLN. The GC analysis also showed that there formed about 20% CLN when reacting for 10h with 40% KOH/ethylene glycol. 相似文献
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T M de Kok P J Levels A van Faassen M Hazen F ten Hoor J C Kleinjans 《Journal of chromatography. A》1992,580(1-2):135-159
Modern chromatographic techniques and their application in the determination of toxic compounds in faeces are reviewed. Faecal analysis may be of importance in toxicokinetic studies of xenobiotics in order to determine factors such as metabolism, body burden and major routes of elimination. Compounds of interest include various food constituents, drugs and occupational or environmental factors. Further, various mutagenic or carcinogenic compounds which are excreted by faeces have been indicated to represent risk factors for colorectal cancer. In this context, the chromatographic determination of the endogenously generated fecapentaenes and bile acids, both postulated etiological factors in colorectal carcinogenesis, is reviewed. For fecapentaene determination, several high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods are available; however, the applicability of some of these methods is limited owing to insufficient separation of various isomeric forms or discrimination between fecapentaenes and their precursors. For the determination of bile acids in faeces, many chromatographic procedures have been reported, and the characteristics of the most relevant methods are compared and discussed. It is concluded that separation by gas chromatography (GC) in combination with mass spectrometry provides the highest selectivity and sensitivity. A relatively rapid alternative analysis for the determination of total and aqueous faecal bile acids is proposed. Further, methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reviewed. Although the use of radiolabelled PAHs in animal studies has many advantages, it cannot be applied for human biological monitoring and HPLC and GC provide sensitive alternatives. An HPLC method for the determination of non-metabolized PAHs in faeces is described. 相似文献
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Z. Hussain 《Chromatographia》2006,63(7-8):327-330
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation of geometric and positional isomers is described.
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the detection and evaluation of various isomers is described. The
developed method was able to separate the isomers in the purity range of 97.96% to 99.3% (GC analysis).
Revised: 16 November 2005 and 9 March 2006 相似文献