离子色谱法测定啤酒中6种无机阴离子的含量

取啤酒样品(10.0mL)超声脱气30min,用经活化的固相萃取小柱净化。收集净化液2.0mL,用水稀释至20.0mL。所得样品溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤后,直接进样进行离子色谱分析。采用阴离子交换柱IonPac AS11作为分离柱,用氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器产生的不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作梯度淋洗,流量为1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温为35℃。6种无机阴离子(Cl~-、NO_2~-、Br~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、PO_4~(3-))在一定质量浓度范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)在0.005~0.028mg·L~(-1)之间。对同一个啤酒样品进行精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~3.0%之间。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在89.0%~105%之间。     

离子色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的含量

采用离子色谱法测定水果和蔬菜中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的含量。水果或蔬菜样品10.0g经0.2mol·L-1硫酸溶液10.0 mL提取后,用二氯甲烷10.0 mL萃取,二氯甲烷层再用35mmol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液5.00mL反萃取,取水相,经AG-19保护柱及AS-19阴离子分离柱分离,以35mmol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液淋洗色谱柱,所得淋出液采用抑制电导检测器检测。2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的质量浓度在5.0mg·L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.05 mg·L-1。加标回收率在93.6%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~5.5%之间。     

离子色谱法测定碳酸锂中氯离子和硫酸根离子的含量

取碳酸锂样品0.500g,加适量水溶解,用水定容至100mL。分取试液10.00mL在不去除碳酸根基体的前提下直接进行离子色谱分析。采用阴离子交换柱Dionex IonPac AS11作为分离柱,用氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器产生的15mmol·L~(-1) KOH溶液为流动相,流量为1.0mL·min~(-1),柱温为30℃进行色谱分离和测定。氯离子和硫酸根离子的线性范围分别在16.0mg·L~(-1)和3.2mg·L~(-1)以内,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.004,0.01mg·L~(-1)。对同一个样品进行精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于2.7%。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在93.8%~106%之间。分析结果表明,样品测定结果与电化学法和在线去除基体离子色谱法的测定结果相符。     

离子色谱法测定固体生物质燃料中氟的含量

选取7种不同的植物类样品,按GB/T 28730-2012所述方法制备分析样品。经试验提出其最佳样品前处理及色谱分析条件:取样品0.500 0g,于镍坩埚中用(1.0±0.1)g氢氧化钾,先后在250℃和550℃熔融30min和30min。取出坩埚,冷却至室温。用水10mL浸取熔块,溶液定容至100 mL。用Metrosep A16-150色谱柱作为分离柱,淋洗液为7.5 mmol·L~(-1)碳酸钠-0.75mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钠溶液,用抑制型电导检测器测定。氟的线性范围在0.02~1.0mg·L~(-1)内,检出限为7.6μg·L~(-1)。在实样的基础上用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在96.2%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.0%。     

氧弹燃烧-离子色谱法测定原油中氯和溴

采用氧弹燃烧法对原油样品进行燃烧,然后用碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠溶液作为吸收液进行吸收,并提出了离子色谱法分离测定原油中氯和溴的含量的方法。以Dionex IonPac AS23型分离柱为离子交换柱,以4.8mmol·L-1碳酸钠-1.0mmol·L-1碳酸氢钠溶液为淋洗液等度洗脱。氯和溴的质量浓度均在0.01～1mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.3mg·kg-1与0.7 mg·kg-1。方法用于原油样品分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.5%～4.2%之间,回收率在91.8%～109%之间。     

离子色谱法测定汽车尾气净化催化剂中Cl~-和NO_3~-的含量

汽车尾气净化催化剂样品(0.5g),用3%(体积分数)氨水溶液(30mL)超声提取。所得提取液中的Cl-和NO_3~-用IonPac AS11-HC(4mm×250mm)作为分离柱,以17mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液进行色谱分离,用抑制型电导检测器测定。Cl-和NO_3~-的质量浓度均在0.1~10.0 mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰高呈线性关系,Cl~-和NO_3~-的检出限依次为0.004,0.019mg·L~(-1)。方法用于实际样品分析,并进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在98.8%~116%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)不大于2.0%。     

氧瓶燃烧-离子色谱法测定卤化丁基橡胶和胶塞中氯和溴的含量

将样品剪成约1mm~3的小块,称取样品10.0mg用无灰滤纸包裹好。在氧瓶中加入10mL水,以2L·min~(-1)的流量向氧瓶通氧气1min,点燃包裹样品的滤纸,迅速放入氧瓶中,用瓶塞密封,静置15min,振摇后取水溶液供离子色谱分析。采用Dionex AS19阴离子分析柱(4mm×250mm,5.0μm)进行分离,柱温为30℃,以20mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液进行洗脱,流量为1.0mL·min~(-1)。Cl~-和Br~-的质量浓度分别在0.5~10,1.0~20mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的色谱峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.003,0.025mg·L~(-1)。加标回收率分别为96.9%~106%,90.4%~108%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3.0%。该方法适用于卤化丁基橡胶和胶塞中卤素的鉴别和含量测定。     

离子色谱法测定富锂锰基正极材料中的硫酸根

本文建立了离子色谱等度测定富锂锰基正极材料中硫酸根离子的方法。样品经浓盐酸溶解后,经氢柱过滤后进样,色谱柱采用SH-AP-1分离柱,流动相15 mmol·L~(-1)氢氧化钾溶液,流速0.6 mL·min~(-1)。结果表明:在0.02～10 mg·L~(-1)范围内,硫酸根离子浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系(R~2=0.9999),检出限为10 mg·kg~(-1),平均加标回收率为92.39～107.53%,相对标准偏差为0.84～4.11%(n=7)。该方法准确、简便、灵敏、重复性好,且成本低,可用于富锂锰基中硫酸根离子的实际检测。     

串联电导及紫外检测器-离子色谱法测定土壤中6种有机酸根和无机阴离子

应用离子色谱法测定土壤样品中正丁酸根、草酸根、溴离子、碘离子、氯离子及硫酸根等6种有机酸根和无机阴离子的含量。样品(10.00g)用50mmol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液50mL超声提取60min,离心分离。取上清液,经0.22μm滤膜过滤和OnGuardⅡP柱净化。流出液稀释5倍后通过IonPac AG18柱分离,用不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液进行梯度淋洗,用串联的电导检测器和紫外检测器(236nm)进行检测。前者用于除碘离子外的5种阴离子的测定,后者用于碘离子的测定。上述6种阴离子的峰面积分别在一定范围与其质量浓度呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)在0.013~0.095μg·g-1之间。加标回收率在92.0%~112%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~7.2%之间。     

离子色谱法测定硫酸氧钒中的Cl~-和C_2O_4~(2-)

采用离子色谱法测定硫酸氧钒中的Cl-和C2O42-。以水合肼沉淀除去硫酸氧钒溶液中的钒离子,上清液经OnguardⅡH柱过滤后,采用IonPac AS19阴离子分离柱和IonPac AG19阴离子保护柱,以氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液进行梯度淋洗,电导检测器进行检测。Cl-和C2O42-的线性范围分别为0.01~0.50,0.10~50.0mg·L-1,测定下限分别为0.597,0.594mg·kg-1。加标回收率分别在96.9%~104%和88.2%~92.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5.0%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.