高效液相色谱法测定吡虫啉杀虫剂中4种关键杂质残留量

提出了高效液相色谱法同时测定吡虫啉杀虫剂中4种关键杂质硝酸胍、硝基胍、咪唑烷和2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶的残留量的方法。样品2.000 g经20%(体积分数)甲醇溶液溶解后定容至100 mL。以Agilent Eclipse XDB C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm)为固定相,以不同体积比的含有10 mmol·L~(-1)七氟丁酸的20 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果表明:4种关键杂质的质量浓度均在0.4～40 mg·L~(-1)内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.13～0.15 mg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为95.4%～103%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.0%。     

保健酒中氨基酸的HPLC法测定

保健酒去乙醇处理后用盐酸溶液将其中的蛋白质和肽类化合物水解成游离态氨基酸,以避免酸水解过程中产生的不溶性气体导致水解管爆裂问题.采用柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定游离氨基酸含量.在10 ～250 μmol·L-1浓度范围内,16种氨基酸的峰面积和浓度之间的线性相关系数为0.982 ～0.999,16种氨基酸的定量下限 (S/N=10)为0.5 mg·L-1,加标回收率为94% ～101%,除蛋氨酸外,其它氨基酸的RSD均小于3.0%.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定花椒的3种黄酮苷元的含量

提出了反相高效液相色谱法测定花椒的3种水解黄酮苷元槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素的含量。采用Zorlbax Eclipse C_(18)色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.4%(体积分数)磷酸溶液(1+1)混合溶液为流动相,在360nm波长处进行测定。槲皮素的质量浓度在2.19～109.6mg·L~(-1),山柰酚的质量浓度在2.28～114.0mg·L~(-1),异鼠李素的质量浓度在2.80～140.0mg·L~(-1)时分别与其峰面积呈线性关系。槲皮素、山柰酚和异鼠李素的加标回收率分别为95.6%,104.4%,103.8%,相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为2.98%,3.97%,4.30%。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定陶瓷饰品中六价铬的溶出量

提出了柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定陶瓷饰品中六价铬溶出量的方法。采用人工汗液萃取陶瓷饰品,用1,5-二苯卡巴肼与萃取液中的六价铬在酸性条件下进行衍生反应,衍生物在Waters SunFire ODS C18色谱柱上分离,以pH 2.5的10mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液和丙酮为流动相进行梯度洗脱,于波长540nm处进行测定。六价铬的质量浓度在5.0~200.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数为0.999 1,检出限(3S/N)为0.037μg·L-1。空白(实际样品)的加标回收率在97%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在1.9%~3.2%之间。     

离子色谱法直接测定聚合级乙二醇中痕量氯离子

分别采用KOH和Na_2CO_3/NaHCO_3淋洗液体系,建立了离子色谱直接测定聚合级乙二醇中痕量氯离子含量的两种方法。采用抽真空手动进样方式,分别以IonPac AS19(4 mm×250mm)为分析柱,IonPac AG19(4mm×50mm)为保护柱,5mmol·L~(-1) KOH溶液为淋洗液;以IonPac AS23(4mm×250mm)为分析柱,IonPac AG23(4mm×50mm)为保护柱,4.5mmol·L~(-1)Na_2CO_3-0.8mmol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3混合溶液为淋洗液进行分离,以电导检测器检测。两种方法中,氯离子的质量比在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(10S/N)分别为0.002,0.006mg·kg~(-1),加标回收率分别为94.7%~100%,92.3%~99.8%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=3)小于5.0%。两种方法测定聚合级乙二醇中痕量氯离子的结果具有一致性。     

柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定人参中人参二醇

采用苯甲酰氯为柱前衍生化试剂,固定相为Hypersil ODS2(4.60 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(40+60)混合溶液,以230 nm作为检测波长,采用峰面积外标法定量,提出了测定人参中人参二醇的柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱方法。在0.01~0.10 g.L-1范围内,人参二醇衍生物的色谱峰面积与其质量浓度呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.07 mg.L-1,取0.06 g.L-1人参二醇衍生化标准溶液重复进样6次,做精密度试验,得相对标准偏差为1.61%。     

高效液相色谱法测定营养品中的虫草素

采用高效液相色谱法测定营养品中的虫草素。样品10.00g加水至50.00g溶解后,取溶液2.50g,加水30mL混匀后,加入30.0g·L~(-1)偏磷酸溶液1.0mL沉淀干扰物质,上清液在Phenomenex Gemini C_(18)色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)上分离,以乙腈和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测波长为260nm。虫草素的质量浓度在0.05~1.00mg·L~(-1)内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为5.0mg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在100%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于5.0%。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分离分析甲酚异构体

提出了柱前衍生高效液相色谱法同时分离测定邻甲酚、间甲酚和对甲酚的方法。含甲酚异构体的样品与衍生化试剂按1比8(质量比)混合,加热回流衍生2 h。3种异构体的转化率依次为98.1%,99.0%,98.5%。选用Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱作为反相色谱柱,以甲醇和水以体积比为35比65的混合溶液为流动相,在260nm波长处进行测定,乙酸邻甲酚酯、乙酸间甲酚酯的峰面积与其浓度在(0.05～3.75)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,而乙酸对甲酚酯在(0.03～2.25)×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为1.88×10~(-5),1.88×10~(-5),1.13×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。此方法应用于实际样品的测定,回收率分别为104%,95%,100%,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为0.22%,2.34%,0.90%。     

铋铁铅和铜—CyDTA螯合物的反相离子对色谱分离和测定

报道了以1,2-环己二胺四乙酸(CyDTA)为衍生试剂,在ODS柱上,以甲醇:水=33:67,含0.1mmol·L~(-1)十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,1.5mmol·L~(-1)CyDTA和10mmol·L~(-1)乙酸缓冲溶液(pH 5.0)作流动相,反相离子对色谱分离和测定Bi~(3 )、Fe~(3 )、Pb~(2 )和Cu~(2 )。对柱前衍生和直接注入法做了对比,直接注入法优于柱前衍生法。Bi~(3 )、Fe~(3 )、Pb~(2 )、Cu~(2 )的检出限分别为2.55×10~(-7)、8.76×10~(-7)、1.90×10~(-6)、2.17×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)。方法可用于黄铁矿渣中铜、铁含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定水中的二价汞、甲基汞与乙基汞

水样经过滤后,直接采用高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法(HPLC-ICPMS)进行分析。液相色谱分析中用Allmatia C18反相色谱柱作固定相,用调节至pH 7.5的1.2g·L~(-1) L-半胱氨酸-5 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液和甲醇的混合液(98+2)作流动相淋洗,可使二价汞(Hg2+)、甲基汞和乙基汞在4.5min内很好分离。用电感耦合等离子体质谱法分别测定各形态汞的含量。各形态汞的质量浓度在0.1~5.0μg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系。上述3种形态汞的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.027,0.012,0.013μg·L~(-1),其相对标准偏差(n=11)分别为2.1%,1.7%,1.8%。以实际水样为基体对3种形态汞进行回收试验,测得回收率在91.7%~107%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.