共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 29 毫秒
1.
If A∈T(m, N), the real-valued N-linear functions on Em, and σ∈SN, the symmetric group on {…,N}, then we define the permutation operator Pσ: T(m, N) → T(m, N) such that Pσ(A)(x1,x2,…,xN = A(xσ(1),xσ(2),…, xσ(N)). Suppose Σqi=1ni = N, where the ni are positive integers. In this paper we present a condition on σ that is sufficient to guarantee that 〈Pσ(A1?A2???Aq),A1?A2?? ? Aq〉 ? 0 for Ai∈S(m, ni), where S(m, ni) denotes the subspace of T(m, ni) consisting of all the fully symmetric members of T(m, ni). Also we present a broad generalization of the Neuberger identity which is sometimes useful in answering questions of the type described below. Suppose G and H are subgroups of SN. We let TG(m, N) denote all A∈T(m, N) such that Pσ(A) = A for all σ∈G. We define the symmetrizer G: T(m, N)→TG(m,N) such that . Suppose H is a subgroup of G and A∈TH(m, N). Clearly We are interested in the reverse type of comparison. In particular, if D is a suitably chosen subset of TH(m,N), then can we explicitly present a constant C>0 such that for all A∈D? 相似文献
2.
Alan Saleski 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》1977,60(1):58-66
The relationship between sequence entropy and mixing is examined. Let T be an automorphism of a Lebesgue space X, 0 denote the set of all partitions of X possessing finite entropy, and denote the set of all increasing sequences of positive integers. It is shown that: (1) T is mixing /a2 supA ? BhA(T, α) = H(α) for all B∈I and α∈Z0. (2) T is weakly mixing /a2 supAhA(T, α) = H(α) for all α∈Z0. (3) If T is partially mixing with constant , then supA ? BhA(T, α) > cH(α) for all B∈I and nontrivial α∈Z0. (4) If supA ? BhA(T, α) > 0 for all B∈I and nontrivial α∈Z0, then T is weakly mixing. 相似文献
3.
For finite graphs F and G, let NF(G) denote the number of occurrences of F in G, i.e., the number of subgraphs of G which are isomorphic to F. If and are families of graphs, it is natural to ask then whether or not the quantities NF(G), F∈, are linearly independent when G is restricted to . For example, if = {K1, K2} (where Kn denotes the complete graph on n vertices) and is the family of all (finite) trees, then of course NK1(T) ? NK2(T) = 1 for all T∈. Slightly less trivially, if = {Sn: n = 1, 2, 3,…} (where Sn denotes the star on n edges) and again is the family of all trees, then Σn=1∞(?1)n+1NSn(T)=1 for all T∈. It is proved that such a linear dependence can never occur if is finite, no F∈ has an isolated point, and contains all trees. This result has important applications in recent work of L. Lovász and one of the authors (Graham and Lovász, to appear). 相似文献
4.
Given a polynomial , we calculate a subspace Gp of the linear space 〈X〉 generated by the indeterminates which is minimal with respect to the property (the algebra generated by Gp, and prove its uniqueness. Furthermore, we use this result to characterize the pairs (P,Q) of polynomials P(X1,…,Xn) and Q(X1,…,Xn) for which there exists an isomorphism T:〈X〉 →〈X〉 that “separates P from Q,” i.e., such that for some k(1<k<n) we can write P and Q as and respectively, where . 相似文献
5.
Let X(ω) be a random element taking values in a linear space endowed with the partial order ≤; let 0 be the class of nonnegative order-preserving functions on such that, for each g∈0, E[g(X)] is defined; and let 1?0 be the subclass of concave functions. A version of Markov's inequality for such spaces in P(X ≥ x) ≤ inf0E[g(X)]/g(x). Moreover, if E(X) = ξ is defined and if Jensen's inequality applies, we have a further inequality P(X≥x) ≤ inf1E[g(X)]/g(x) ≤ inf1g(ξ)/g(x). Applications are given using a variety or orderings of interest in statistics and applied probability. 相似文献
6.
Christopher Bingham 《Journal of multivariate analysis》1974,4(2):210-223
Define coefficients (κλ) by Cλ(Ip + Z)/Cλ(Ip) = Σk=0l Σ?∈k (?λ) Cκ(Z)/Cκ(Ip), where the Cλ's are zonal polynomials in p by p matrices. It is shown that C?(Z) etr(Z)/k! = Σl=k∞ Σλ∈l (?λ) Cλ(Z)/l!. This identity is extended to analogous identities involving generalized Laguerre, Hermite, and other polynomials. Explicit expressions are given for all (?λ), ? ∈ k, k ≤ 3. Several identities involving the (?λ)'s are derived. These are used to derive explicit expressions for coefficients of in expansions of P(Z), for all monomials P(Z) in sj = tr Zj of degree k ≤ 5. 相似文献
7.
Pierrette Cassou-Noguès 《Journal of Number Theory》1982,14(1):32-64
In this paper, we are studying Dirichlet series Z(P,ξ,s) = Σn?1rP(n)?s ξn, where P ∈ + [X1,…,Xr] and ξn = ξ1n1 … ξrnr, with ξi ∈ , such that |ξi| = 1 and ξi ≠ 1, 1 ≦ i ≦ r. We show that Z(P, ξ,·) can be continued holomorphically to the whole complex plane, and that the values Z(P, ξ, ?k) for all non negative integers, belong to the field generated over by the ξi and the coefficients of P. If, there exists a number field K, containing the ξi, 1 ≦ i ≦ r, and the coefficients of P, then we study the denominators of Z(P, ξ, ?k) and we define a -adic function Z(P, ξ,·) which is equal, on class of negative integers, to Z(P, ξ, ?k). 相似文献
8.
Let G be a finite group having a faithful irreducible character χ for which χ(1) is prime to ¦G¦/χ(1). Let n=[(χ):]χ(1), and assume that the factors are not both even. Then G can be embedded in GLn() in such a way that its normalizer therein splits over its centralizer. 相似文献
9.
Robert Chen 《Journal of multivariate analysis》1978,8(2):328-333
Let {Xn}n≥1 be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables. For each integer n ≥ 1 and positive constants r, t, and ?, let Sn = Σj=1nXj and . In this paper, we prove that (1) lim?→0+?α(r?1)E{N∞(r, t, ?)} = K(r, t) if E(X1) = 0, Var(X1) = 1, and E(| X1 |t) < ∞, where 2 ≤ t < 2r ≤ 2t, , and ; (2) if 2 < t < 4, E(X1) = 0, Var(X1) > 0, and E(|X1|t) < ∞, where G(t, ?) = E{N∞(t, t, ?)} = Σn=1∞nt?2P{| Sn | > ?n} → ∞ as ? → 0+ and , i.e., H(t, ?) goes to infinity much faster than G(t, ?) as ? → 0+ if 2 < t < 4, E(X1) = 0, Var(X1) > 0, and E(| X1 |t) < ∞. Our results provide us with a much better and deeper understanding of the tail probability of a distribution. 相似文献
10.
Laurence Boxer 《Topology and its Applications》1980,11(1):17-29
Let X be a finite-dimensional compactum. Let (X) and (X) be the spaces of retractions and non-deformation retractions of X, respectively, with the compact-open (=sup-metric) topology. Let 2Xh be the space of non-empty compact ANR subsets of X with topology induced by the homotopy metric. Let RXh be the subspace of 2Xh consisting of the ANR's in X that are retracts of X.We show that (Sm) is simply-connected for m > 1. We show that if X is an ANR and A0?RXh, then limi→∞Ai=A0 in 2Xh if and only if for every retraction r0 of X onto A0 there are, for almost all i, retractions ri of X onto Ai such that limi→∞ri=ro in (X). We show that if X is an ANR, then the local connectedness of (X) implies that of RXh. We prove that (M) is locally connected if M is a closed surface. We give examples to show how some of our results weaken when X is not assumed to be an ANR. 相似文献
11.
Hansjörg Kielhöfer 《Journal of Functional Analysis》1980,38(3):416-441
Let X and Y be Banach spaces, Y ?X, and let V be a neighborhood of zero in Y. We consider the equation G(λ, u) ≡ A(λ)u + F(λ, u) = 0, where G: [?d1, d1] × V → X, G(λ, 0) = 0, and A(λ) is the Fréchet derivative of G with respect to u at (λ, 0). Furthermore, we assume that G is analytic with respect to λ and u. Bifurcation at a simple eigenvalue means that zero is a simple eigenvalue of A (0). Let μ(λ) be the simple eigenvalue of the perturbed operator A(λ) for λ near zero. Let . Under the nondegeneracy condition m = 1 the existence of a unique curve of solutions intersecting the trivial solution (λ, 0) at (0, 0) is well known. Furthermore the “Principle of Exchange of Stability” was established in this case. We show that in the degenerate case (m > 1) up to m bifurcating curves of solutions can exist and that at least one nontrivial curve exists if m is odd. Our approach supplies all curves of solutions near (0, 0) together with their direction of bifurcation and their linearized stability. The decisive fact is that Am is also the leading term of the bifurcation equation. A consequence is a “Generalized Principle of Exchange of Stability”, which means that adjacent solutions for the same λ have opposite stability properties in a weakened sense. For practical use we give a criterion for asymptotic stability or instability which follows from the construction of the curves of solutions themselves. 相似文献
12.
Let (Ω, , μ) be a measure space, a separable Banach space, and 1 the space of all bounded conjugate linear functionals on . Let f be a weak1 summable positive B(1)-valued function defined on Ω. The existence of a separable Hilbert space , a weakly measurable B()-valued function Q satisfying the relation is proved. This result is used to define the Hilbert space L2,f of square integrable operator-valued functions with respect to f. It is shown that for B+(1)-valued measures, the concepts of weak1, weak, and strong countable additivity are all the same. Connections with stochastic processes are explained. 相似文献
13.
《Topology and its Applications》1987,25(2):203-223
If Λ is a ring and A is a Λ-module, then a terminal completion of Ext1Λ(A, ) is shown to exist if, and only if, ExtjΛ(A, P)=0 for all projective Λ-modules P and all sufficiently large j. Such a terminal completion exists for every A if, and only if, the supremum of the injective lengths of all projective Λ-modules, silp Λ, is finite. Analogous results hold for Ext1Λ(,A) and involve spli Λ, the supremum of the projective lengths of the injective Λ-modules. When Λ is an integral group ring G, spliG is finite implies silp G is finite. Also the finiteness of spli is preserved under group extensions. If G is a countable soluble group, the spli G is finite if, and only if, the Hirsch number of G is finite. 相似文献
14.
Let Ωm be the set of partitions, ω, of a finite m-element set; induce a uniform probability distribution on Ωm, and define Xms(ω) as the number of s-element subsets in ω. We alow the existence of an integer-valued function n=n(m)(t), t?[0, 1], and centering constants bms, 0?s? m, such that converges to the ‘Brownian Bridge’ process in terms of its finite-dimensional distributions. 相似文献
15.
Let R = (r1,…, rm) and S = (s1,…, sn) be nonnegative integral vectors, and let (R, S) denote the class of all m × n matrices of 0's and 1's having row sum vector R and column sum vector S. An invariant position of (R, S) is a position whose entry is the same for all matrices in (R, S). The interchange graph G(R, S) is the graph where the vertices are the matrices in (R, S) and where two matrices are joined by an edge provided they differ by an interchange. We prove that when 1 ≤ ri ≤ n ? 1 (i = 1,…, m) and 1 ≤ sj ≤ m ? 1 (j = 1,…, n), G(R, S) is prime if and only if (R, S) has no invariant positions. 相似文献
16.
James L Hafner 《Journal of Number Theory》1983,17(2):183-190
Let K/ be an algebraic number field and ζK(s) be the associated Dedekind ζ function. A quantitative estimate is proved which shows that the average order of the coefficients of ζkm(s) (for m ∈ +) arises from infrequent occurrences of very large values of these coefficients. This leads to new Ω-estimates for the associated error terms, improving results of Szegö and Walfisz. 相似文献
17.
Let N be a regular chain-group on E (see W. T. Tutte, Canad. J. Math.8 (1956), 13–28); for instance, N may be the group of integer flows or tensions of a directed graph with edge-set E). It is known that the number of proper Zλ-chains of N (λ ∈ Z, λ ≥ 2) is given by a polynomial in λ, P(N, λ) (when N is the chain-group of integer tensions of the connected graph G, λP(N, λ) is the usual chromatic polynomial of G). We prove the formula: P(N, λ) = Σ[E′]∈O(N)+/~Q(R[E′](N), λ), where O(N)+ is the set of orientations of N with a proper positive chain, ~ is a simple equivalence relation on O(N)+ (sequence of reversals of positive primitive chains), and Q(R[E′](N), λ) is the number of chains with values in [1, λ ? 1] in any reorientation of N associated to an element of [E′]. Moreover, each term Q(R[E′](N), λ) is a polynomial in λ. As applications we obtain: P(N, 0) = (?1)r(N)∥O(N)+/~∥; P(N, ?1) = (?1)r(N)∥O(N)+∥ (a result first proved by Brylawski and Lucas); P(N, λ + 1) ≥ P(N, λ) for λ ≥ 2, λ ∈ Z. Our result can also be considered as a refinement of the following known fact: A regular chain-group N has a proper Zλ-chain iff it has a proper chain in [?λ + 1, λ ? 1]. 相似文献
18.
Let Z = {Z0, Z1, Z2,…} be a martingale, with difference sequence X0 = Z0, Xi = Zi ? Zi ? 1, i ≥ 1. The principal purpose of this paper is to prove that the best constant in the inequality λP(supi |Xi| ≥ λ) ≤ C supiE |Zi|, for λ > 0, is C = (log 2)?1. If Z is finite of length n, it is proved that the best constant is . The analogous best constant Cn(z) when Z0 ≡ z is also determined. For these finite cases, examples of martingales attaining equality are constructed. The results follow from an explicit determination of the quantity Gn(z, E) = supzP(maxi=1,…,n |Xi| ≥ 1), the supremum being taken over all martingales Z with Z0 ≡ z and E|Zn| = E. The expression for Gn(z,E) is derived by induction, using methods from the theory of moments. 相似文献
19.
Gerhard Ramharter 《Journal of Number Theory》1982,14(2):269-279
For irrational numbers θ define α(θ) = lim sup{1/(q(p ? qθ))|p ∈ , q ∈ , p ? qθ > 0} and α(θ) = 0 for rationals. Put . Then = α(β) is an asymmetric analogue to the Lagrange spectrum . Our results concerning partly contrast the known properties of . In fact, is a perfect set, each element of which is a condensation point of the spectrum and has continuously many preimages. is the closure of its rational elements and of its elements of the form p√m (p ∈ ), as well. The arbitrarily well approximable numbers form a Gδ-set of 2. category. One has, roughly speaking, for α → 1. Finally, the well-known Markov sequence which constitutes the lower Lagrange and Markov spectrum is proved to be a (small) subset of ?[√5,3). 相似文献
20.
Let Fn(x) be the empirical distribution function based on n independent random variables X1,…,Xn from a common distribution function F(x), and let be the sample mean. We derive the rate of convergence of to normality (for the regular as well as nonregular cases), a law of iterated logarithm, and an invariance principle for . 相似文献