爆炸膨胀环实验技术初步研究

为避免对碰爆轰波加载时的应力不均匀性,初步建立了爆炸丝线起爆方式的爆炸膨胀环实验技术。长度为200mm、直径为0．175mm的铜丝爆炸同步性小于0．2μs,基本实现了同步起爆粉末泰安炸药,通过膨胀环实验初步获得无氧铜试样环的膨胀速度历史,为进一步利用爆炸膨胀环实验研究材料的高应变率拉伸加载时的本构关系奠定了基础。     

爆炸膨胀环一维应力假定的分析与讨论

对爆炸膨胀环的运动过程和应力状态进行了理论分析,指出膨胀环在径向变形过程中其厚度减小 将引起内外壁的速度差,对膨胀环内外壁的速度差进行了分析。由于膨胀环内外壁速度差的存在必然造成复 杂应力状态,无法满足一维应力假定,由此推断出实验中利用外壁速度计算出的应力要略大于膨胀环内的平 均应力。利用LS-DYNA三维动力学有限元程序验证了理论分析结果,利用膨胀环外壁速度计算出的应力比 数值模拟给出的膨胀环内平均应力大1%左右。     

电磁膨胀环实验设计的关键因素

为了更好地研究电磁膨胀环实验加载技术,利用带有电磁模块的LS DYNA三维动力学有限元程序对电磁膨胀环加载过程进行三维数值模拟。分析了螺线圈绕法、加载电流波形、膨胀环截面尺寸和轴向位移对电磁膨胀环实验结果的影响。计算结果表明,连接带缺口螺线圈的圆圈绕线方法优于均匀过渡绕法,加载电流峰值与膨胀环径向速度峰值近似成线性关系,适当增加膨胀环截面轴向的宽度可提高膨胀环运动稳定性,双螺线圈模型可有效减小膨胀环轴向位移。     

实现材料高应变率拉伸加载的爆炸膨胀环技术

设计了新型的爆炸膨胀环实验加载装置,加载装置中采用爆炸丝线起爆方式,避免了传统装置中对碰爆轰波加载时的应力不均匀性。利用新型的爆炸膨胀环实验技术研究了无氧铜材料的动态性能,利用激光位移干涉仪测量了试样环的径向速度历史,处理数据获得了无氧铜材料的流动应力-塑性应变-应变率的关系,为进一步利用爆炸膨胀环实验技术研究材料在高应变率拉伸加载时的本构关系奠定了基础。     

爆炸膨胀环实验数据处理方法讨论

采用线性关系式及多项式对爆炸膨胀环速度曲线上不同长度的数据窗口进行拟合,获得了应力应 变关系,结果表明数据窗口的选取是膨胀环实验数据处理的基础;同时发现当拟合关系式高于2次时,获得的 应力应变关系从形式上偏离了物理规律。对数据进行高阶光滑后采用差分方法直接处理,可以更好地反映膨 胀环速度历史与瞬时应力之间的关系,澄清了2次以上关系式拟合处理得到的应力应变关系偏离物理规律并 不是由数据处理方法造成的,而是由速度点测试的不确定性造成的。     

黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸辐射弹性波的对比研究

研究地下爆炸弹性区的震动特性,关键是获得场地介质与爆炸能量耦合作用下辐射弹性波的实验参数。对于不易加工成大尺寸模型的砂土岩,为研究其填实爆炸下辐射弹性波的特征,采用0.125 g TNT微型炸药球作为爆炸源,以塑性区可置换的?1 370 mm×1 200 mm黄土样品作为提供应力波传播路径的载体,用波阻抗近似相等的重塑黄土和砂土岩样品分别作为源区介质,对比分析了两种介质中微药量填实爆炸辐射的弹性波传播特征。实验结果表明:在测试范围内,两种介质中填实爆炸激发的弹性应力波粒子速度(位移)峰值的衰减规律、波形的主频变化规律一致;砂土岩中爆炸辐射的弹性波粒子速度(位移)峰值整体高于黄土、粒子速度波形的半高宽和主频低于黄土;砂土岩中爆炸耦合的向外传播的弹性波能量比黄土大。实测结果反映,黄土和砂土岩中填实爆炸弹性波能量耦合强度的差别。     

玻纤增强复合材料高应变率拉伸实验研究

利用爆炸膨胀环实验技术,对玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRC)进行了高应变率(104s-1)下力学性能研究。实验中使用铜丝汽化引爆装药的方法对驱动环进行能量加载,并采用激光速度干涉仪(VISAR)测量试样环自由膨胀的质点速度,实现了玻璃纤维增强复合材料在104应变率下的一维拉伸破坏,并获取了该材料的速度时间曲线。经过计算得到了材料的应力应变关系,最后与该材料在准静态下、中高应变率下实验得到的数据进行了比较。     

N2双流体细水雾抑制管道瓦斯爆炸实验研究

为了在较低压力下获得较小粒径的细水雾,降低喷雾抑爆系统的运行成本,提高系统的适用性和抑爆效率,自行搭建了尺寸为120 mm×120 mm×840 mm的透明有机玻璃瓦斯爆炸管道实验平台。采用双流体喷嘴将N₂和细水雾送入试验管道,通过调节喷雾压力和喷雾时间开展了双流体细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸实验研究,从火焰速度、瓦斯爆炸超压2个方面探讨双流体细水雾的抑爆有效性。实验结果表明:N₂双流体细水雾抑爆效果明显,可以减小瓦斯爆炸强度;随着喷雾时间的延长,爆炸火焰的速度峰值逐渐下降,爆炸超压峰值逐渐下降,平均升压速率逐渐降低;当N₂压力为0.4 MPa、喷雾时间为3 s时,速度峰值比不喷雾时下降60.39%,爆炸超压峰值下降37.76%。     

液压膨胀环恒应变率加载技术

膨胀环实验技术主要包括爆炸膨胀环实验技术和电磁膨胀环实验技术,实验过程中膨胀环的加载应变率在达到峰值后会随着圆环的膨胀而迅速降低,给研究应变率敏感材料的拉伸碎裂带来极大的不便。在前期提出的液压膨胀环实验技术的基础上,发展了一种恒应变率加载技术。首先,从理论上获得了实现金属圆环恒应变率膨胀所需的液压加载曲线的近似表达式;然后,采用有限元流固耦合数值模拟了液压膨胀环装置中1060-O铝环的膨胀碎裂过程,在给定液压加载曲线下,膨胀环的环向应变率在应变率稳定阶段上下波动范围最大不超过20%;并进一步研究了加载曲线对碎裂过程中应变率的影响规律。在液压膨胀环实验装置上对1060-O铝环开展了膨胀环实验,验证了恒应变率加载技术的可行性。     

膨胀环实验平台及其在材料动力学行为研究中的应用

分析了目前膨胀环实验技术的研究现状,介绍了本课题组搭建的电磁膨胀环和爆炸膨胀环实验平台,着重介绍了其原理和主要性能参数。爆炸膨胀环实验中提出了一种新的爆炸丝起爆方式,电磁膨胀环平台中使用了一种先进的三电极开关实现电流截断。膨胀环的传统研究方向为材料的断裂行为、破片的统计规律、材料的动态拉伸本构等,本课题组将其拓展到材料在冲击拉伸加载下的损伤演化规律、裂纹的扩展速度等研究领域。本文对膨胀环平台的主要应用研究进行了一个较全面系统的总结概括,并指出今后膨胀环平台应用研究的主要方向。     

TNT空爆载荷下WELDOX 700E钢变形行为研究

以WELDOX 700E钢为研究对象,研究了8 mm钢在6 kg球形TNT空爆载荷、12 mm钢在10 kg球形TNT空爆载荷下的抗爆轰变形行为,结合ABAQUS模拟计算软件建立了WELDOX 700E钢抗爆轰变形模拟计算模型。结果表明:材料强度是影响WELDOX 700E钢抗爆轰变形行为的关键因素之一,高强度WELDOX 700E钢在球形TNT空爆载荷条件下呈现均匀的拱形变形。在6 kg球形TNT空爆载荷下,8 mm WELDOX 700E钢板中点的最大动态位移为144 mm,永久挠度为124 mm,回弹为21 mm;在10 kg球形TNT空爆载荷下,12 mm WELDOX 700E钢板中点的最大动态位移为166 mm,永久挠度为143 mm,回弹为23 mm。在不考虑实验工装整体偏移的条件下,球形TNT空爆载荷下钢的抗爆轰变形模拟计算结果可准确反映WELDOX 700E钢的抗爆轰变形行为。WELDOX 700E钢在抗爆轰形变过程中存在显著的厚度减薄现象并伴随一定的应变硬化行为,应变硬化行为主要为WELDOX 700E钢马氏体晶粒内部位错増殖的表现,8 mm和12 mm WELDO...     

On the effects of a periodic, spanwise variation of suction upon asymptotic suction flow

Summary The effects of superposing streamwise vorticity, periodic in the lateral direction, upon two-dimensional asymptotic suction flow are analyzed. Such vorticity, generated by prescribing a spanwise variation in the suction velocity, is known to play an important role in unstable and turbulent boundary layers. The flow induced by the variation has been obtained for a freestream velocity which (i) is steady, (ii) oscillates periodically in time, (iii) changes impulsively from rest. For the oscillatory case it is shown that a frequency can exist which maximizes the induced, unsteady wall shear stress for a given spanwise period. For steady flow the heat transfer to, or from a wall at constant temperature has also been computed.Nomenclature (x, y, z) spatial coordinates - (u, v, w) corresponding components of velocity - (, , ) corresponding components of vorticity - t time - stream function for v and w - v _w mean wall suction velocity - nondimensional amplitude of variation in wall suction velocity - characteristic wavenumber for variation in direction of z - T temperature - P pressure - density - coefficient of kinematic viscosity - coefficient of thermal diffusivity - (/v _w)² - frequency of oscillation of freestream velocity - nondimensional amplitude of freestream oscillation - /v _w ² - z z - y –v _w y/ - v _w ² t/4 - /v _w - U ₀ characteristic freestream velocity - u/U ₀ - coefficient of viscosity - _w wall shear stress - Prandtl number (/) - q heat transfer to wall - T _w wall temperature - T (T _w–T)/(T _w–)     

高能量爆磁压缩电流发生器理论分析与实验研究

根据多分支爆磁压缩电流发生器的电路方程,建立了多分支爆磁压缩电流发生器的等效电路模型,并利用该模型优化设计了一种长600mm、直径120mm、总质量10kg且具有高能量输出的爆磁压缩装置8 7A。实验结果表明,8 7A型装置能在360nH电感性负载上产生峰值为512kA的脉冲电流,储能45.8kJ,能量放大90倍。     

Evaporation flow pattern and heat transfer of R-22 and R-134a in small diameter tubes

The flow patterns and heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-134a during evaporation in small diameter tubes were investigated experimentally. The evaporation flow patterns of R-22 and R-134a were observed in Pyrex sight glass tubes with 2 and 8 mm diameter tube, and heat transfer coefficients were measured in smooth and horizontal copper tubes with 1.77, 3.36 and 5.35 mm diameter tube, respectively. In the flow patterns during evaporation process, the annular flows in 2 mm glass tube occurred at a relatively lower vapor quality compared to 8 mm glass tube. The flow patterns in 2 mm glass tube did not agree with the Mandhane’s flow pattern maps. The evaporation heat transfer coefficients in the small diameter tubes (d _i  < 6 mm) were observed to be strongly affected by tube diameters, and to differ from those in the large diameter tubes. The heat transfer coefficients of 1.77 mm tube were higher than those of 3.36 mm and 5.35 mm tube. Most of the existing correlations failed to predict the evaporation heat transfer coefficient in small diameter tubes. Therefore, based on the experimental data, the new correlation is proposed to predict the evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-134a in small diameter tubes.     

航空导管弯曲试验的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命

飞行器液压导管受接头和卡箍等约束,在使用的振动环境中,会因弯曲应力而导致破裂,影响到飞行安全.本文对飞行器液压系统通用的不锈钢导管的裂纹萌生寿命进行了试验研究.首先在对8 mm、12 mm无缺陷导管和含U型缺口8 mm导管的疲劳试验和有限元分析的基础上,得到了导管的最大拉应变-裂纹萌生寿命数据.然后采用基于强度极限和弹性模量估算法的Manson-Coffin公式来预测导管裂纹萌生寿命.最后引入加载类型修正系数、表面质量修正系数、试样尺寸修正系数、应力集中敏感系数和有效应力集中系数,使修正后的公式对三种类型的导管均有较好的裂纹萌生寿命预测精度.     

巷道支护对瓦斯爆炸火焰传播速度影响的实验研究

通过对实验室中几何尺寸为80&#215;80mm钢制管道内部加装高度分别为4mm、8mm、12mm、16mm的四种螺旋环,模拟巷道支护结构对瓦斯爆炸火焰传播速度的影响。采用高精度动态数据采集分析系统,测量爆炸过程中的火焰传播速度,研究了不同高度的螺旋环对火焰传播速度的影响。结果表明：在螺旋环其他条件相同的情况下,管内瓦斯爆炸火焰传播速度随螺旋环高度、圈数增加而增加。并从理论上进行了分析,其主要原因为螺旋环高度越大、圈数越多,产生湍流度的程度亦愈大,对瓦斯爆炸火焰加速亦愈明显。试验结果对巷道支护的选择有指导意义。     

Electro-chemo-mechanical analysis of the effect of bending deformation on the interface of flexible solid-state battery

Flexible solid-state battery has several unique characteristics including high flexibility, easy portability, and high safety, which may have broad application prospects in new technology products such as rollup displays, power implantable medical devices, and wearable equipments. The interfacial mechanical and electrochemical problems caused by bending deformation, resulting in the battery damage and failure, are particularly interesting. Herein, a fully coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model i...     

Heat Transfer and Pressure loss of a very shallow fluidized-bed heat exchanger Part 1. Experiment with a single row of tubes

A novel gas fluidized-bed heat exchanger with a very small static bed height has been developed for a heat-exchanging system using a low-pressure fan. This fluidized bed is composed of a multislit distributor, a single row of 8 mm diameter tubes, and glass beads 48–195 μm in diameter. The measured performance of heat transfer is excellent and that of fluidization is satisfactory, in spite of the static bed height being as small as 13 mm. In the best case, the test fluidized bed exhibited a heat transfer performance comparable to that of a conventional fluidized bed with a perforated plate distributor and a static bed height of 150 mm, and showed one-fourteenth the pressure loss.     

用组合式电磁粒子速度计研究JOB-9003炸药的冲击起爆过程

用组合式电磁粒子速度计研究了JOB-9003炸药在不同冲击压力下的起爆过程。粒子速度计所测波形较好地反映出了炸药中冲击波向爆轰波的转变过程。对冲击波跟踪器所测波形的分析表明,冲击压力为4.9 GPa时,JOB-9003炸药冲击转爆轰的距离和时间分别为xD=6.06 mm和tD=1.13 s,当冲击压力增加到 5.8 GPa时,转爆轰的距离和时间减小为xD=5.66 mm和tD=1.01 s。     

Effect of axial loads on concrete-mortar sandwich composites

Experimental investigations were conducted to examine the behavior of concrete sandwich composites under compressive and tensile loads. The sandwich cores were composed of nonpermeated, expanded aluminum honeycomb and the facings consisted of concrete mortar. Appropriate theories that predict the behavior of such composites were presented and compared with experimental data. All specimens had facing thicknesses of 1 in. (25.4 mm), core thicknesses of 1, 2 and 3 in. (25.4, 50.8 and 76.2 mm); core-cell size of 1/8 and 3/8 in. (3.2 and 9.5 mm); while four different core foil gages were considered for each size. The facings were either plain concrete mortar or reinforced with steel wires. The large-core-cell-size specimen displayed better bond characteristics and produced more consistent experimental data. The ultimate strengths of both compressive and tensile specimens were not affected by the core-cell size, core thickness, or core density. Axial compressive loads were carried by the facing area while tensile loads were by the reinforcements in the facings. The buckling waves were developed due to the wrinkling of the facings. The buckling waves in the two facings were independent of each other and the overall wave pattern was antisymmetrical.