羟基自由基双光子激发解离动力学（英文）

本文利用高里德堡态氢原子飞行时间探测技术,研究了羟基自由基的双光子激发解离动力学.H(~2S)+O(~1D)和H(~2S)+O(~1S)解离通道是山于羟基在经山A~2∑~+(v'=2,J'=0.5-2.5)中间态通过双光子激发最终到排斥性的激发态势能曲线2~2Π和B~2∑~+上产生.这两种解离通道产物都具有各向异性的角向分布,其中H(~2S)+O(~1D)产物角分布异向因子β为-0.97,H(~2S)+O(~1S)产物角分布异向因子β为1.97.各向异性的角向分布与OH自由基在排斥性的激发态势能曲线上直接解离机理相吻合.此实验观测到羟基自山基的解离能为35580±15cm~(-1).     

OCS经由F 31Π里德堡态生成CO(X1Σ+)+S(1D2)产物的波长相关性光解离

本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术在134∽140 nm波段研究了OCS分子经由F 3¹Π里德堡态的真空紫外光解离动力学. 在选取的5个分别对应OCS(F 3¹Π, v₁=0∽4)的伸缩振动激发的光解波长,实验测得了来自CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物通道的SS(¹D₂))实验影像,并获得了总平动能谱和CO(X¹Σ⁺, v)共生产物的振动布居及角分布. 结果分析表明OCS分子解离生成CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物的过程经历了上态F 3¹Π 与C_?v和C_s构型的下电子态间非绝热耦合过程. 实验结果显示了很强的波长相关性：OCS (F 3¹Π, v₁)的较低转动激发态(v₁=0∽2)和较高转动激发态(v₁=3, 4)的CO(X¹Σ⁺)产物的振动布居和角分布具有显著差异,表明该解离过程中具有不同的解离机理. 本结果提供了振动耦合可能对真空紫外光解离动力学产生关键作用的相关证据.     

OCS分子在128 nm附近的光解动力学研究：S(3PJ=2,1,0)、S(1D2)以及S(1S0)产物通道

本文利用时间切片离子成像技术对OCS分子进行了真空紫外波段的光解动力学研究. 在四个光解光波长(从129.32到126.08 nm)下测量了硫原子解离产物S(³P_J=2,1,0)、S(¹D₂)、S(¹S₀)的速度影像,并从中清晰地发现了四个主要的解离产物通道：S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CO(X¹Σ⁺),S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CO(A³π),S(¹D₂)+CO(X¹Σ⁺)和S(¹S₀)+CO(X¹Σ⁺). 在实验影像中,产物CO分子的部分振动态结构能够得到分辨. 实验还获取解离产物总平动能谱,产物分支比和角分布. 对实验结果进行分析显示除绝热解离通道S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CO(A³π)之外,在其他三个产物通道中非绝热效应都起到非常重要的作用.     

Br2+分子离子[1+1]双光子解离动力学

本文利用最近研制的低温离子阱-离子速度成像谱仪在冷离子束中研究了同位素质量分辨的⁷⁹Br₂⁺分子离子的[1+1]双光子激光解离动力学. 借助其1⁴Σ^-_u,3/2态为中间态使⁷⁹Br₂⁺共振吸收两个光子至4∽5 eV区域的高激发态并发生解离. 利用离子速度成像技术获得了光解产物⁷⁹Br⁺的二维速度分布和平动能释放谱. 通过平动能释放谱确定了不同解离能量处量子态分辨的解离产物通道分支比. 光碎片产物的角分布表明⁷⁹Br₂⁺分子离子的双光子解离是1⁴Σ^-_u,3/2态的ΔΩ=0平行跃迁至一个Ω=3/2高解离态发生的. 由于分子激发态中的强自旋-轨道耦合作用,高激发的四重态很可能参与到实验观测的光解过程.     

在193 nm关于Si2分子的离子解离动力学的成像研究

在193 nm的单色激光实验中,本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术,研究了经193 nm双光子电离得到的Si₂⁺的解离反应动力学过程. 根据实验得到的Si⁺离子的速度成像,观测到了两种离子直接解离通道：Si(³P_g)+Si⁺(²P_u)和Si(¹D₂)+Si⁺(²P_u). 电子基态的Si₂分子处于v=0∽5的振动态上,其经过双光子电离后激发到Si₂⁺离子的多个电子激发态势能面,生成主要通道Si(³P_g)+Si⁺(²P_u),其中v=1的解离信号最强. 此外,由于势能曲线2²Π_g与3²Π_g相同对称性引起的避免性势能面交叉,生成次要反应通道Si(¹D₂)+Si⁺(²P_u). 通道Si(¹D₂)+Si⁺(²P_u)的产物亦可以由生成的基态Si₂⁺(X⁴Σ_g^-)吸收一个193 nm光子后解离得到,其对应产物则具有更大的动能.     

二硫化碳分子在204 nm附近的光解离动力学研究：S(3PJ)+CS(X1Σ+)产物通道

本文用时间切片离子速度影像技术研究CS₂分子在204 nm附近的光解离动力学. 在201.36、203.10、204.85和206.61 nm这四个解离波长下,实验清楚地观测到S(³P_J)+CS(X¹Σ⁺)产物通道. 在实验获得的S(³P_J=2,1,0)影像中,对应的CS(X¹Σ⁺)产物的振动态结构得到了部分的分辨. 通过对影像的分析,还获得了解离的总平动能谱以及产物的各项异性参数. 实验观察到的相对小的各项异性参数表明产物更倾向于经历了间接的光解离过程. 这一通道的自旋－轨道禁阻特征也说明了非绝热效应在二硫化碳紫外光解离生成S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CS(X¹Σ⁺)的过程中发挥了重要作用.     

CS分子在207 nm的光解动力学研究：S(1D2)+CO(X1Σ+)产物通道

利用直流时间切片离子成像技术对OCS分子在紫外波段207 nm的光解产物S(¹D₂)进行了偏振实验研究. 通过在两种不同的共振增强多光子电离中间态,¹F₃和¹P₁, 以及四种不同的泵浦-探测激光偏振几何构型下探测了光碎片S(¹D₂)的角动量极化特性. 使用分子坐标系极化模型和实验室坐标系各向异性模型提取和分析出对应产物CO(X¹Σ⁺)的角分布.观测到的总平动能释放谱表明解离过程存在三种解离通道,分别对应于低、中、高平动能解离通道. 低、中平动能通道的来源与光解波长在较长波长下得到的双峰分布来源一致. 高平动能通道是一种新的解离通道,它来自于单重排斥态A(2¹A'')的直接解离.     

交叉分子束实验研究F+D2(v=1, j=0)反应

本文使用交叉分子束方法研究了氟原子和振动激发态氘分子D₂(v=1, j=0)的反应. 使用受激拉曼抽运的方法制备了振动激发的D₂分子. 实验中未观测到来自于旋轨耦合激发态氟原子F^*(²P_1/2)与振动激发态D₂分子的贡献. 观测到来自于旋轨耦合基态氟原子F(²P_3/2)和振动激发态D₂的反应信号,相应的产物DF分子布居于v''=2,3,4,5振动态上. 与振动基态反应F+D₂(v=1,j=0)相比,振动激发态反应F+D₂(v=1,j=0)生成的DF产物转动分布更“热”. 获得了振动激发反应的四个碰撞能在0.32至2.62 kcal/mol范围内的微分反应截面. 在最低的碰撞能0.32 kcal/mol下,所有振动态的DF产物都以后向散射为主. 随着碰撞能的增加,DF产物的角分布逐渐从后向转移到侧向. 测量了DF(v''=5)产物的前向微分散射截面随碰撞能变化的曲线. 前向散射的DF(v''=5)信号出现于1.0 kcal/mol. 在2.62 kcal/mol碰撞能下DF(v''=5)主要为前向散射.     

OCS分子在里德堡F态的真空紫外光解动力学：S(3PJ=2,1,0)产物通道

本文利用可调谐真空紫外光源和时间切片离子速度成像技术研究了OCS分子的真空紫外光解动力学. 在对应OCS里德堡F态的五个光解波长下(133.26 nm∽139.96 nm)实验采集了S(³P_J=2,1,0)产物的离子影像,从中发现了两个解离通道：S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CO(X¹Σ⁺)和S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CO(A³π),其中前者为主要通道. 离子影像中CO产物的振动结构可部分分辨. 从离子影像中提取出了S(³P_J=2,1,0)+CO(X¹Σ⁺)通道的产物总平动能分布、各向异性参数和CO振动态分支比等信息. 发现了对应OCS在F态的几个低振动态下光解的产物各向异性参数取负值,而对应F态的几个高振动态下光解产物的各向异性参数为正值. 另外,同一光解波长下三种S产物S(³P₂)、S(³P₁)和S(³P₀)的各向异性参数也不相同. 经分析,这些现象可能来源于激发区域的其它不同对称性的电子态的贡献,从而导致解离过程中同时存在平行解离和垂直解离. 本工作有利于进一步理解OCS真空紫外光解中的非绝热耦合作用.     

二个强飞秒延时激光脉冲的相对相位对Na2+光解离的影响

报道了Na₂⁺离子的三个低激发态1Σu、2Σg、2Σu在二个光脉冲作用下的解离动量谱,激光波长为680nm,各脉冲功率为1×10¹²W/cm²,脉宽50fs,从研究结果可见,其单光子、双光子、三光子激发的对应的解离峰及峰值随相对相位而变,并且这种影响随延时增大而减小.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.