CO oxidation over Co3O4/SiO2 catalysts: Effects of porous structure of silica and catalyst calcination temperature

The catalytic performances of Co3O4/SiO2 catalysts prepared by incipient wetness impregnation for CO oxidation were investigated using three kinds of silica as carriers with different pore sizes of 7.7, 14.0 and 27.0 nm. The effects of calcination temperature on the catalyst surface and micro structure properties as well as catalytic performance for the oxidation of carbon monoxide were also studied. All catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, FTIR, H2-TPR and O2-TPD. It was found that the properties and crystal size of cobalt-containing species strongly depended on the pore size of silica carrier. While the silica pore size increased from 7.7 to 27.0 nm, the Co3O4 crystal size increased from 8.5 to 13.5 nm. Moreover, it was demonstrated that if the spinel crystal structure of Co3O4 was obtained at a calcination temperature as low as 150 ℃, the catalyst sample would have a high Co3O4 surface dispersion and a increase of surface active species, and thus exhibit a high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide.     

氮气气氛下焙烧的CeO_2载体负载Ni基催化剂的顺酐加氢性能研究

在氮气气氛中合成了具有较高氧缺陷浓度的CeO_2载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni含量为10%的Ni/CeO_2-N催化剂,考察了其顺酐液相加氢性能,并与氧气气氛中制得的CeO_2载体负载Ni催化剂作了对比.N_2低温物理吸脱附,X-射线衍射,拉曼光谱,H_2程序升温还原等表征手段表明,在氮气气氛中合成的CeO_2具有较高浓度的氧缺陷位,在催化剂还原过程中可促进NiO物种的还原,同时在催化剂表面生成更多的氧缺陷位.该氧缺陷位可与活性金属Ni物种协同作用,显著提高催化剂的C=C及C=O加氢活性.     

Chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarenes and deoxygenation of pyridine N-oxides with H2 catalyzed by MoO2Cl2

A chemoselective and highly efficient hydrogenation of nitroarenes and deoxygenation of pyridine N-oxides using a cheap and environmentally friendly H₂/MoO₂Cl₂ system has been developed     

Hydrogenation of coumarin to octahydrocoumarin over a Ru/C catalyst

The production of octahydrocoumarin, which can serve as a replacement for toxic coumarin, was investigated using 5% Ru on active carbon (Ru/C) as the catalyst for the hydrogenation of couma-rin. The hydrogenation was studied by optimizing the reaction conditions (pressure, solvent and coumarin concentration). The activity and selectivity of the Ru/C catalyst were compared for dif-ferent solvents. The mechanism of coumarin hydrogenation was deduced. The formation of side products was explained. The optimal hydrogenation reaction conditions were: 130 °C, 10 MPa, 60 wt% coumarin in methanol, and 0.5 wt% (based on coumarin) of Ru/C catalyst. At the complete conversion of coumarin, the selectivity to the desired product was 90%.     

Hydrogenation of nitrate in water over bimetallic Pd-Ag/Al2O3 catalysts

Hydrogenation of nitrate (NO₃ ⁻) in water was studied with 0.8 ×10⁻³–3.2 ×10⁻³ mol/dm³ of reactant in the temperature range of 293–313 K over palladium promoted Ag catalysts. Pd-Ag catalysts with a low ratio of Ag/Pd were characterized by high efficiency in the reduction of nitrates. The degradation of nitrates followed approximately first order decay and the estimated apparent activation energy was about 4 kJ/mol.     

Unique selectivity for the dimerization of propene on RhSn/SiO2 catalysts: implications on the mechanism of C---C bond formation and cleavage on bimetallic catalysts

A series of bimetallic catalysts RhSn_x/SiO₂ (x = 0.4, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.4) were synthesized by the reaction of the monometallic catalyst Rh/SiO₂ with Sn(n-butyl)₄ under hydrogen. Various chemical and spectroscopic methods indicated that the metals present were fully reduced, and that tin atoms rest on the surface, very slightly increasing particle size and producing isolated rhodium sites. The catalytic reactions of propylene/hydrogen mixtures in the presence of these bimetallic catalysts are compared with those of the monometallic Rh/SiO₂ catalysts. The mechanistically interesting reactions observed are those of carbon-carbon bond formation and cleavage. For the monometallic catalyst, olefin homologation and hydrogenolysis were observed, reactions which invoked the transfer of C₁ fragments from one olefin to another. For the bimetallic catalysts, a marked increase in the selectivity for C₆ products was observed. The presence of hydrogen is necessary to this reaction but selectivity for C₆ is enhanced when hydrogen is in deficit with respect to propylene. Selectivity for C₆ increases with the surface rhodium to tin, Rh^s/Sn, ratio to a maximum at 0.9. Low temperature favors the formation of C₆ and C₂ products.     

Selective catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts

A series of Ce-doped MnOx/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used for catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2. The sample with the Ce doping concentration of Ce/Mn=1/3 and calcined at 300°C shows a superior activity for NO oxidation to NO2. On Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti catalyst, 58% NO conversion was obtained at 200°C and 85% NO conversion at 250°C with a GHSV of 41000 h-1, which was much higher than that over MnOx/TiO2 catalyst (48% at 250°C). Characterization results implied that the higher activity of Ce(1)Mn(3)Ti could be attributed to the enrichment of well-dispersed MnOx on the surface and the abundance of Mn3+ and Ti3+ species. The addition of Ce into MnOx/TiO2 could improve oxygen storage capacity and facilitate oxygen mobility of the catalyst as shown by PL and ESR, so that its activity for NO oxidation could be enhanced. The effect of H2O and SO2 on the catalyst activity was also investigated.     

Ru/ZrO2·xH2O催化喹啉加氢反应

制备了负载型催化剂Ru/ZrO2·xH2O, 并用XRD、XPS和TEM对催化剂进行了表征, 所制得的催化剂金属钌的平均粒径约为3.8 nm. 在2 MPa和40 ℃的温和条件下, 以水为溶剂时, Ru/ZrO2·xH2O催化喹啉加氢生成1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的选择性达98.0%, 而且表现出较强的抗氮中毒能力, 催化剂循环使用性能稳定. 对喹啉加氢反应中的催化反应机理进行了探讨.     

Supported bimetallic catalyst Pt-Pb/SiO2 for selective conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in pressurized CO2/H2O system

Various supported Pt-Pb bimetallic catalysts were prepared and applied for the catalytic conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in the environmentally benign pressurized CO_2/H_2O system.Among the bimetallic catalysts prepared,Pt-Pb/SiO_2 is the best and nitrobenzene could be converted to paminophenol with a selectivity as high as 82% when the reaction was carried out using this catalyst at110 ℃ under 5 MPa CO_2 and 0.2 MPa H_2.     

Co3O4/CeO2 CO氧化的原位红外光谱研究

采用沉淀氧化法制备了Co₃O₄/CeO₂催化剂。分别在干、湿条件下进行了一氧化碳氧化反应研究。运用FT-IR表征手段,在钴铈复合氧化物上进行了CO吸附及CO/O₂共吸附研究。结果表明,与纯的Co₃O₄样品相比,Co₃O₄/CeO₂具有明显的抗湿气能力。Co₃O₄/CeO₂催化剂在进行CO氧化时,表面形成了类碳酸盐物种。当环境温度低于453 K时,催化剂上类碳酸盐的生成与形成类碳酸盐物种后受热分解存在着动态平衡。当环境温度高于493 K,催化剂上生成的类碳酸盐物全部受热分解。氧化铈的加入提高了催化剂的抗湿气性能。较小粒径的Co₃O₄与CeO₂产生的强相互作用可使CeO₂向Co₃O₄提供氧,因而间接提供了CO氧化需要的氧。     

ZrO4/SiO2-Al2O3催化肉桂醛MPV转移加氢性能

以九水合硝酸铝（Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O）与正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱盐,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同Al₂O₃含量的SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并通过浸渍硝酸氧锆引入ZrO₂,制备ZrO₂/SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物催化剂,考察催化剂在肉桂醛（CAL）MPV转移加氢中的催化性能,并结合N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、NH₃-程度升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、Py-原位红外（Py-IR）等技术,研究催化剂结构、织构以及表面性质与其催化性能间的构效关系.研究表明,所制备的催化剂均以L酸为主,并含有少量B酸中心,这使得加氢产物以肉桂醇（COL）为主,并含有少量1-苯丙烯-2-丙基醚（CPE）.Al₂O₃含量不仅影响催化剂表面的酸中心数量,而且对催化剂的织构参数有较大影响.随Al₂O₃含量的增加,催化剂表面L酸与B酸中心均有所增加,而孔径则持续变小,这使得催化反应呈现CAL转化率先增加后减少、目标产物COL选择性先稍有减小后有所增加的趋势.在Si/Al比为2时,催化剂具有最优的催化性能,优化反应条件下,CAL转化率达96%,目标产物COL选择性达90%.     

Effect of Transition Metals on Selective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde over Pt／ZrO2 Catalysts

The effect of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) on the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde over Pt/ZrO2 catalysts was studied in ethanol at 343K under 2.0MPa H2 pressure. PtCo/ZrO2 and PtFe/ZrO2 catalysts exhibit high selectivity and activity of hydrogenation for C=O (93.8% at 87.3% conversion and 83.6% at 88.6% conversion, respectively), and PtNi/ZrO2 exhibits high selectivity of hydrogenation for C=C (64.3% at 70.6% conversion). In the presence of trace H2O and NaOH, over the PtNi/ZrO2 (0.4wt%Ni) catalyst the selectivity to hydrocinnamalde hydereaches 90.6% and the conversion of cinnamaldehyde is 90.5%.     

Preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 over CeO2/CuO catalyst:Effect of calcination temperature

Different from the classical configuration CuO/CeO2 catalyst,the inverse configuration CeO2 /CuO catalyst (atomic ratio of Ce/Cu=10/100) was prepared by impregnation method.Five calcination temperatures were selected to investigate the interaction between CeO2 and CuO support.It is found that as calcination temperature increased from 500 to 900 C,sintering of CeO2 particles on the support occurred together with the diffusion of a portion of Ce 4+ ions into CuO crystals,forming solid solution.Formation of interface complex Ce-O-Cu was suggested by TPR measurements.The catalyst calcined at 700 C gives the highest activity for preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 stream.     

Effects of reduction temperature and content of Pd loading on the performance Pd/CeO2 catalyst for CO oxidation

Palladium nanoparticles were prepared by thermally assisted reduction using glutathione as reduction agent. The Pd loading on CeO₂ for CO oxidation was optimized to 1.5 wt%. The catalysts reduced at 350 C show the highest activity for CO oxidation, which achieve 100% CO conversion at 70℃.     

The effect of Li and La on NiO/Al2O3 catalyst for CH4/O2 to syngas reaction

The thermal stability and an 80 h life test over nickel-based catalysts for CH₄/O₂ to syngas reaction were investigated by flow-reactor, XPS, XRD and AAS analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of Li and La not only stabilized the support γ-Al₂O₃ phase, but also suppressed the sintering and loss of nickel, and in addition, enhanced the ability to suppress the carbon-deposition over NiO/Al₂O₃ during the high-temperature reaction.     

Factors influencing decomposition of H2O2 over supported Pd catalyst in aqueous medium

Since H₂O₂ decomposition can result in selectivity/yield loss in the direct H₂O₂ synthesis process from H₂ and O₂ over supported Pd catalysts, it is important to have an enhanced understanding about the factors affecting the H₂O₂ decomposition reaction. Herein, detailed studies have been undertaken to investigate the influence of different factors, such as (a) nature and concentration of acid in reaction medium, (b) nature and concentration of halide in presence and absence of acid in reaction medium, (c) pretreatment procedures and (d) catalyst modification by incorporation of different halides, on the H₂O₂ decomposition reaction over a 5% Pd/C catalyst in aqueous medium at 25 °C. This study has shown that the H₂O₂ decomposition activity is profoundly influenced by all the above factors. The effectiveness of the acids in suppressing the H₂O₂ decomposition activity decreased in the following order: hydroiodic acid > hydrobromic acid > hydrochloric acid  acetic acid > phosphoric acid > sulfuric acid > perchloric acid. The ability of the acid to decrease the H₂O₂ decomposition activity was found to very strongly depend on the nature of its associated anion. Halides, such as iodide, bromide and chloride were particularly effective in suppressing the H₂O₂ decomposition activity. Oxidation pretreatment of the catalyst was found to strongly suppress its H₂O₂ decomposition activity, while a reduction treatment was found to promote its activity. A gradual decrease in the H₂O₂ decomposition activity of the catalyst was observed with each successive usage due to in situ sub-surface oxidation of Pd by H₂O₂. Halide incorporation either via the reaction medium or prior catalyst modification had a similar qualitative effect on the H₂O₂ decomposition activity.     

CeO2负载NiCo双金属催化苯酚液相加氢

采用湿化学浸渍法制备了CeO2纳米棒负载的CoNi双金属催化剂，并研究了其在150 ℃，3 MPa H2下对苯酚加氢成环己醇反应的催化活性，发现具有合适NiCo质量比的NiCo/r-CeO2催化剂显示出比单金属催化剂高的催化活性。通过TEM和XRD证明了NiCo合金的形成和高分散性，H2-TPR和CO2-TPD揭示了合金中钴和镍之间的电子相互作用导致金属与载体之间的相互作用力发生变化， XPS也表明NiCo合金中Ni和Co的电子态也发生了变化。结合表征结果和双金属催化剂催化苯酚加氢反应的活性，表明添加Co可以调节活性部位的表面性能，进而影响NiCo双金属催化剂在苯酚加氢反应中的催化活性。     

Oxidation of lean formaldehyde in air over an Au/CeO2 catalyst and its kinetics

The oxidation of low concentration formaldehyde in air over Au/CeO₂, prepared by co-precipitation, was investigated. Power-law kinetic models were proposed and the parameters were estimated, which are r = −0.46 × e ^{−14612 / RT}C_HCHO(303 K < T < 363 K) and r = −295.78 × e ^{−34178 / RT} C_HCHO (363 K < T < 413 K). The mechanism of the reaction at low temperatures might be different from that at high temperatures.     

Effect of ceria loading on the carbon formation during low temperature methane steam reforming over a Ni/CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst

The characterization and catalytic activity of a Ni/CeO₂/ZrO₂ catalyst for methane steam reforming at 600°C were investigated. The addition of ceria increased the surface area and basicity of the catalysts. The redox reaction capability of the ceria increased the hydrogen yield and carbon monoxide selectivity, and inhibited carbon formation.     

焙烧气氛对二甲醚低温选择氧化MoO3-SnO2催化剂结构及性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Mo/Sn物质的量比为1：3的MoO₃-SnO₂催化剂,考察了焙烧气氛（O₂、air、N₂和H₂）对催化剂结构及二甲醚（DME）低温氧化制甲酸甲酯（MF）性能的影响。结果表明,在O₂中焙烧的催化剂上DME转化率高达25.10%,MF选择性为72.21%,催化剂具有较高的反应活性。而在H₂中焙烧催化剂上DME转化率仅为7.01%,MF选择性为75.82%。不同气氛焙烧催化剂上DME转化率由大到小的顺序：O₂> air> N₂> H₂。采用XRD、Raman、XPS及ESR等对催化剂进行深入表征。结果表明,共沉淀制备Mo1Sn3催化剂中钼物种以高分散MoO_x形式存在。O₂中焙烧催化剂表面Mo=O及存在于Mo-Sn界面处五配位钼氧化物中Mo⁵⁺含量均高于其他三种催化剂,即低聚态MoO_<em>x末端Mo=O可能是反应活性位点之一,五配位钼氧化物中Mo⁵⁺的存在有利于催化剂活性的提高,也有助于MF的生成。结合in suit DRIFTS证实了吸附于Mo⁵⁺上的CH₃O,在催化剂表面Mo=O作用下氧化为HCHO后与另一分子CH₃O耦合为MF。