绝缘栅双极晶体管串联应用中暂态均压特性

采用金属球隙放电的方式模拟了负载短路时的暂态过程。通过引线自感公式计算法和电路状态分析法估算脉冲放电回路的杂散电感数值,并采用传统RCD均压网络的绝缘栅双极晶体管串联链进行各元件参数差异下的蒙特卡罗仿真分析,发现影响串联链暂态均压特性的关键元件是栅极稳压二极管和动态均压电容。因此为了提高这类拓扑结构的串联链的可靠性,在筛选元件时要尤其注意栅极稳压二极管的限幅保持一致。     

绝缘栅型双极晶体管串联匀压并联匀流模拟分析

绝缘栅型双极晶体管(IGBT)采用串联和并联方法构成大功率开关组件能够有效提高工作电压和电流,是实现开关重频高功率应用的主要技术途径,同时也存在着动、静态的匀压、匀流问题。从电路层面详细分析了IGBT串并联运行时导致电压、电流不均衡的主要原因及其表现,研究了动静态不均衡的发展过程及其影响因素,针对性地提出了电阻/电容/二极管（RCD）缓冲网络及电流平衡变压器等匀压、匀流措施,解析推导出了IGBT串、并联模块的设计判据,建立了相应的等效电路模型,对所提出的解决方案进行了仿真验证。仿真模拟结果表明,所提出的方法是可行可靠的。     

10kV绝缘栅双极型晶体管固体开关的研制

采用8只IXLF19N250A绝缘栅双极型晶体管串联研制成功了10kV固体开关。试验表明:该固体开关最高输出电压为14kV，最高输出脉冲电流为20A、输出脉冲宽度可在2~112μs之间以1μs步长变化，脉冲重复频率范围为1Hz~4kHz，短时间可以工作到8.6kHz。     

10kV绝缘栅双极型晶体管固体开关的研制

 采用8只IXLF19N250A绝缘栅双极型晶体管串联研制成功了10kV固体开关。试验表明：该固体开关最高输出电压为14kV，最高输出脉冲电流为20A、输出脉冲宽度可在2~112μs之间以1μs步长变化，脉冲重复频率范围为1Hz~4kHz，短时间可以工作到8.6kHz。     

高频电容器充电电源绝缘栅双极晶体管吸收电路

高频化是提升电源功率密度的有效方法。为了保护高频电容器充电电源中的开关器件,以串联谐振式电容器充电电源为基础,研究了绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)尖峰电压的产生机理及影响因素。介绍了几种抑制尖峰电压的方法,着重分析了IGBT吸收电路的基本原理,并进行了参数设计。结合仿真软件,对吸收电路的参数进行了优化,将仿真结果和40 kW,50 kHz电容器充电电源样机的实验结果进行对比,验证了提出方案的可行性。     

高频电容器充电电源绝缘栅双极晶体管吸收电路

 高频化是提升电源功率密度的有效方法。为了保护高频电容器充电电源中的开关器件,以串联谐振式电容器充电电源为基础,研究了绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)尖峰电压的产生机理及影响因素。介绍了几种抑制尖峰电压的方法,着重分析了IGBT吸收电路的基本原理,并进行了参数设计。结合仿真软件,对吸收电路的参数进行了优化,将仿真结果和40 kW,50 kHz电容器充电电源样机的实验结果进行对比,验证了提出方案的可行性。     

绝缘栅双极晶体管串联关键技术

为实现绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）的多级串联,以电阻/电容/二极管（RCD）缓冲电路为动态均压电路,通过数学分析及PSpice仿真验证,建立了RCD缓冲电路参数选择模型;设计了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）控制、光纤隔离传输,以M57962L为IGBT驱动器的驱动电路及故障反馈电路,能驱动32只串联IGBT并对其进行过流和短路保护,32只IGBT的最大导通时间不超过90 ns,短路保护响应时间约为6 s;设计了8路独立输出的50 kV隔离的高压隔离电源,实现IGBT串联电路各部分的供电及电隔离。基于以上IGBT串联方法,实现了32只1200 V IGBT的串联,串联电路可稳定工作在20 kV电压下。     

绝缘栅双极晶体管串联关键技术

为实现绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）的多级串联,以电阻/电容/二极管（RCD）缓冲电路为动态均压电路,通过数学分析及PSpice仿真验证,建立了RCD缓冲电路参数选择模型;设计了基于数字信号处理器（DSP）控制、光纤隔离传输,以M57962L为IGBT驱动器的驱动电路及故障反馈电路,能驱动32只串联IGBT并对其进行过流和短路保护,32只IGBT的最大导通时间不超过90 ns,短路保护响应时间约为6 s;设计了8路独立输出的50 kV隔离的高压隔离电源,实现IGBT串联电路各部分的供电及电隔离。基于以上IGBT串联方法,实现了32只1200 V IGBT的串联,串联电路可稳定工作在20 kV电压下。     

栅控横向PNP双极晶体管辐照感生电荷的定量分离

设计并制作了一种栅控横向PNP双极晶体管测试结构,在常规横向PNP双极晶体管基区表面氧化层上制作了一栅电极,利用栅扫描法,通过扫描栅极所加电压,获得了基极电流随栅极电压的变化特性.理论推导和数学计算获得了氧化物陷阱电荷和界面陷阱电荷的定量变化,分离出栅控横向PNP双极晶体管在辐照及其室温退火过程中感生的缺陷.对设计的晶体管测试结构和采用的测试方法做了具体介绍.     

大功率固态调制器的仿真研究

设计了大功率固态调制器的新型固态脉冲开关模块。通过分析电力电子仿真软件Saber中绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)物理模型的概念和等效电路,结合实验数据建立了IXDH20N120型IGBT的模型,研究了Saber环境下,不同参数条件和拓扑结构对调制器电路输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明：动态均压网络在有效地保护开关的同时,可以减少IGBT的开关损耗;电路中器件离散性与系统分布参数会造成调制器输出波形质量下降,效率降低。并对调制器在负载打火情况下,因严重不均流而损坏器件故障的机理作了分析,实验证明仿真结果和分析与实际相符。     

Transient yielding of CO2 over oxidized ruthenium surfaces: Monte Carlo simulations

We develop Monte Carlo simulations to study the catalytic oxidation of CO over a surface of ruthenium. The catalyst is exposed to a continuous flux of CO molecules and its surface is pre-covered with an amount of oxygen atoms. Recent experiments performed on this system [R. Blume, W. Christen, H. Niehus, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 13912] have shown that three different reaction mechanisms can account for the experimental results. Two of them are based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, where CO molecules are adsorbed at oxygen-free defect sites before reactions take place. The third one proceeds via the Eley-Rideal mechanism, which is almost time independent, and reactions occur at non-defect sites. In our model, we consider a semi-infinite cubic lattice to mimic the surface of the catalyst and oxygen atoms are incorporated into the layers below the surface. A fraction of defects is created at the topmost layer and at the first subsurface layer. Oxygen atoms can diffuse over the surface as well as between adjacent layers of the system. We also assumed a temperature dependent reaction rate that is related to the residence time of CO at the surface. Comparisons are made between the CO₂ yielding at defect-rich and smooth surfaces as a function of temperature.     

一种废束站束窗结构设计与优化

废束站束窗是废束站的重要部件。利用束流的束斑尺寸及功率确定束窗能量的高斯分布方式;通过蒙特卡罗方法计算束窗的沉积能量。利用ANSYS稳态分析确定束窗的材料、截面形状和厚度。通过计算比较束窗在不同材料、截面形状和厚度条件下的温度、应力和变形,得出合适的束窗材料、截面形状和厚度,从而确定束窗的最终结构。最后利用瞬态方法模拟束窗调束时的温度分布情况。     

瞬态抑制二极管电磁脉冲响应建模

针对目前浪涌保护器件性能分析方法不完善、缺乏准确数学模型的问题,提出了一种基于NARX神经网络的电磁脉冲响应时域建模方法,并给出NARX神经网络建模的理论基础及设计步骤。通过组建传输线脉冲测试平台及静电放电实验平台,对NUP2105L型瞬态抑制二极管进行注入实验,采集输入输出实验数据并建立NARX神经网络模型。对建模效果进行分析,所建模型可以较为准确地预测输入脉冲为方波脉冲、人体金属模型及机器模型静电放电电磁脉冲时,响应电压曲线趋势、响应时间、脉冲峰值、箝位时间及箝位电压等性能指标,验证了模型的正确性。     

Breakdown voltage improvement of LDMOSs by charge balancing: An inserted P-layer in trench oxide (IPT-LDMOS)

For the first time, the novel inserted P-layer in trench oxide of LDMOS structure (IPT-LDMOS) is proposed in which a trench oxide with inserted P-layer is considered in the drift region to improve the breakdown voltage. Our simulation with two dimensional ALTAS simulator shows that by determining the optimum doping concentration of the P-layer, the charges of the N-drift and P-layer regions would be balanced. Therefore, complete depletion at the breakdown voltage in the drift region happens. Also, electric field in the IPT-LDMOS is modified by producing additional peaks which decrease the common peaks near the drain and source junctions.     

Radiation hardness of gas discharge tubes and avalanche diodes used for transient voltage suppression

The widespread use of gas discharge tubes (GDTs) and avalanche diodes for transient voltage suppression (TVS) in many cases results in their exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of irradiation on these TVS devices’ characteristics, by exposing them to a combined neutron/gamma radiation field. Experimental results show that irradiation of TVS diodes causes a lasting degradation of their protective characteristics. On the other hand, GDTs exhibit a temporary change of performance. The observed effects are presented with the accompanying theoretical interpretations, based on the interaction of radiation with materials constituting the investigated devices.     

ADS瞬态分析中的概率论-确定论耦合方法

针对加速器驱动次临界系统(ADS)瞬态问题,采用预估校正改进准静态方法(PCQS)处理时空中子动力学方程中的时间自变量,采用蒙特卡罗方法处理相应的空间-角度-能量自变量,重点解决了低次临界度下模拟计算不稳定的问题,验证了TWGIL-Seed-Blanket动力学基准问题和小型模拟ADS问题,得到瞬态过程的功率变化结果,与基于其他方法的程序比较,经初步验证取得了较好结果,证明了该耦合方法可行。     

Strength of a Magnetically Permeable Surface Layer on Transient Electromagnetic Field by Using Natural-frequency Concept

The complete time-domain fields due to a vertical magnetic dipole on the surface of two-layer earth model are reexamined when the usually neglected magnetic permeability contrast is considered using the natural-frequency concept. It is shown that for two-layered earth model, where the upper one is permeable, the electromagnetic induction response is modified with respect to the nonpermeable case. The step responses of the induced voltage in a horizontal receiving loop is found to have definite diagnostic features for the ground beneath. These features have been demonstrated by numerical results and illustrated by figures.     

A method for resummation of perturbative series based on the stochastic solution of Schwinger-Dyson equations

We propose a numerical method for resummation of perturbative series, which is based on the stochastic perturbative solution of Schwinger-Dyson equations. The method stochastically estimates the coefficients of perturbative series, and incorporates Borel resummation in a natural way. Similarly to the “worm” algorithm, the method samples open Feynman diagrams, but with an arbitrary number of external legs. As a test of our numerical algorithm, we study the scale dependence of the renormalized coupling constant in a theory of one-component scalar field with quartic interaction. We confirm the triviality of this theory in four and five space-time dimensions, and the instability of the trivial fixed point in three dimensions.     

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介绍了高压直流电源输出发生短路故障时的暂态情况,并详细分析和计算了速调管负载发生极间打火时,在三电极气体开关保护动作过程中电源向速调管注入的能量。计算和仿真结果与实验结果一致,当高压电源输出发生短路故障时,开关能在μs级关断,并且能将短路电流能控制在200A。验证了三电极气体开关保护的快速性与可靠性,具有工程应用价值。